List of Neon Genesis Evangelion characters
The Japanese anime television series Neon Genesis Evangelion has an extensive cast of characters that were created by Gainax. The show's protagonist is Shinji Ikari, a teenage boy whose father Gendo recruits to the shadowy organization Nerv to pilot a giant, bio-machine mecha called an Evangelion and fight against beings called Angels.
The character designs were drawn by artist Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, who designed each character to be easily identifiable from their silhouette. The personalities were based on that of Hideaki Anno, the show's director and main scriptwriter. Many of the heroes in the second half of the series suffer trauma or physical violence that exacerbates their anxieties and fears, and the episodes give ample space to their inner monologues, in which they question the meaning of their actions and lives. This narrative choice culminates in the two final episodes, whose narrative pivots on Shinji's streams of consciousness; the finale, however, does not clearly conclude the plot.
In Japan, the characters received favorable audience reception, becoming the subjects of merchandise and winning popularity polls. Critics had mixed feelings about their psychological depth; some reviewers appreciated their complexity and depth and praised Anno's script, but others found the characters to be stereotypical or problematic, and disliked the insistence on their weaknesses and characterization. The show's last two episodes proved to be controversial, since the plot is eclipsed by moments of introspection. Some of the main heroes, especially Rei Ayanami, inspired later anime series, creating or helping to spread new stereotypes in Japanese animated productions.
Conception[edit]
The studio Gainax studio chose interpersonal communication as the main theme of Neon Genesis Evangelion, insisting on portraying inter-generational relationships, such as those between parents and children.[1] The studio wanted to create a series that reflects on the lack of communication in contemporaneous Japanese society, which was considered to be in ruins.[2] The director of the series, Hideaki Anno, an otaku since his youth, experienced depression after the conclusion of his previous anime series, Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water,[3] and poured his emotions into Neon Genesis Evangelion, making it a reflection of his feelings:[4]
I tried to include everything of myself in Neon Genesis Evangelion – myself, a broken man who could do nothing for four years. A man who ran away for four years, one who was simply not dead. Then one thought. "You can't run away," came to me, and I restarted this production. It is a production where my only thought was to burn my feelings into film. I know my behavior was thoughtless, troublesome, and arrogant. But I tried. I don't know what the result will be. That is because within me, the story is not yet finished. I don't know what will happen to Shinji, Misato or Rei. I don't know where life will take them. Because I don't know where life is taking the staff of the production.
— Hideaki Anno[5]
For each character, Anno took cues from a part of his personality,[6] stating that: "All the characters of Evangelion are me".[7] Shinji, for example, was conceived as a mirror of his self; "both the conscious and unconscious part".[8][9] According to him, moreover, Kaworu Nagisa and Gendo Ikari represent his shadow, the dark, unconscious side of an individual's psyche.[10][11] Kazuya Tsurumaki, assistant director of the series, stated that the autobiographical intent can also be detected in the female protagonists and secondary characters, such as Misato Katsuragi, Rei Ayanami, and Ryoji Kaji, saying; "Every character is ultimately the same. On the surface, different 'seasonings' have been used, but inside [the characters] are very similar".[12] Anno also said Shinji and the other main characters are not to be considered only a mirror of his personal experience but a reflection of the other members of the series' creative staff as well.[13] According to him; "It's strange that Evangelion has become such a hit – all the characters are so sick!"[14]
In 1993, about two years before the series aired, the production studio established a temporary lead on the creation of the characters in a presentation document titled New Century Evangelion (tentative name) Proposal (
The blood type and date of birth of each character were almost always identical to those of the character's voice actor, the exceptions being Toji, Kensuke, Kaworu, and Rei, whose date is never explicitly revealed in the series.[19] Anno named most of the characters after ships of the Imperial Japanese Navy in World War II, while others were taken from comic-book characters and the novel Ai to gensō no fascism (
Development[edit]
Anno began working on Neon Genesis Evangelion with the idea the setting and characters would evolve as the story progressed.[5] He continued to rely on his personal experience and avoided depicting "human dramas", perceiving the task as difficult; he thus preferred to represent Evangelion as a "documentary" rather than a drama.[25] While working on the third and fourth episodes, he set the goal of surpassing other television series in development and psychological depth. The first episodes focus on Shinji's relationship problems and his constant attempts to approach Rei in "Rei I" and "Rei II".[26] The creative staff felt dissatisfied with the result, considering it too heavy.[27]
To give a different impulse to the second part of the series the irreverent, exuberant character Asuka was inserted in the eighth episode ("Asuka Strikes!"), which is the center of many comic and typically adolescent situations.[28] In the following episodes, despite their communication difficulties, the show's protagonists are portrayed with the lightness typical of comedy following a conventional, science-fiction anime scheme. The episode's scriptwriter Shinji Higuchi, who is known for the humorous and lighthearted character of his works,[29][30] intervened and the characters' development became more positive.[31] In the following episodes, Misato opens up to Shinji and talk to him about her painful past;[32] Asuka shows a sweeter and more-caring character, the cold commander Ikari helps his subordinates and praises his son.[33][34]
The last episodes would have closed the story and the protagonists' journey; for the ending the writers originally planned a scene in which Gendo would have said "Live!" (
According to Michael House, native English translator for Gainax, at the beginning Anno had the idea of ending the anime with a scene of Shinji smiling and with the full maturation of the characters, who would be able to establish healthier relationships, but towards the middle of the show, he realized this could not be done in a credible way. Anno would have failed in his intent, creating characters who were too closed and problematic.[38] Asuka, for example, was initially inserted to lighten the tone of the series, and only as the show progressed it was decided to pay attention to her inner fragility.[39] At the same time, breaking a taboo of Japanese television, Anno focused on the sexuality of the protagonists, inserting in the twentieth episode a sequence of implicit sex that includes a long, off-screen shot of Misato making sounds of pleasure in bed with her lover Kaji.[40] The director said he wanted to show the audience, and especially children, how sex and violence are an integral part of human life.[41]
In the show's fourteenth episode, Anno wanted to investigate Rei Ayanami, whom he felt he had not adequately explored and with whom he felt less affinity than the other characters. Running out of ideas, an acquaintance of Anno lent him a book on mental illness.[42] Since then, Anno tried to include more concepts from psychology and psychoanalysis into the show.[43] The show's main theme thus became the deepening of the human inner lives[44] and reflections on interpersonal communication are depicted through streams of consciousness of the protagonists.[45][46] Shinji's character was deepened through internal monologues, as in the sixteenth[47][48] and twentieth episodes.[49][50] The last episodes also suffered from the tight production schedule; they were made in a short time to meet the deadlines. In the twenty-fifth episode, the protagonists undergo a psychoanalysis session in a dark theater, retracing their childhoods through flashbacks.[51] By rewriting the script, Anno focused only on the psychology of the main characters[52] Shinji in particular,[53][54] completely abandoning the main plot and not offering a clear conclusion to the anime's narrative.[55][56] He tried to deliver a message to and criticism of the otaku world and himself, as a long-time otaku.[57]
Pilots[edit]
In the Japanese dialogue for the original anime, the Eva pilots are referred to as "children", even when referring to an individual pilot. The English translation refers to the individual pilots as First Child, etc. In Rebuild of Evangelion, the expression "(n)th Children" is not used; instead, the pilots are referred to as Ichibanme no tekikakusha (
Shinji Ikari[edit]
Voiced by: Megumi Ogata,[58] Ryūnosuke Kamiki (adult) (Japanese); Spike Spencer (ADV, Movies and Rebuild),[59] Casey Mongillo (Netflix)[60] (English)
Shinji Ikari (
While writing Shinji, the show's writers used psychological concepts such as Freudian theories of the oral stage,[67][68] the porcupine's dilemma,[69][70] and the splitting of the breast.[71][72] His characterization has been compared to that of Amuro Ray, the protagonist of Mobile Suit Gundam,[73][74] and Japanese otaku.[3][72] Anime critics associated the character with the youth and climate of 1990s Japan, which was impacted by the Tokyo subway sarin attack, the Great Hanshin earthquake, and the bursting of the Japanese asset price bubble,[75][76] and interpreted him as a messianic figure[77][78]
Unreality Magazine's Nick Verboon described Shinji as "one of the most nuanced, popular, and relatable characters in anime history".[79] Anime and manga publications gave Shinji a mixed reception.[80][81] Comic Book Resources' Angelo Delos Trinos wrote; "No anime character inspires as many polarized takes as Shinji".[82] Although his complexity was praised[83][84] and generally considered realistic,[85][86] his insecurity and weakness were criticized.[87][88] Shinji's characterization in the spin-offs and the Rebuild of Evangelion films, however, was positively received[89] because of his more self-confident personality and the optimistic tone of his development.[90][91][92]
Rei Ayanami[edit]
Voiced by: Megumi Hayashibara[93][94] (Japanese); Amanda Winn-Lee (ADV, Movies and Amazon Prime Video Rebuild), Brina Palencia (Funimation Rebuild), Ryan Bartley (Netflix)[95] (English)
Rei Ayanami (
According to Winn-Lee, behind Rei's cold and aloof appearance is a "small spark of humanity" that is overshadowed by her low self-esteem;[101] Win-Lee also said Rei "knows she's expendable, but the thing is, she's still human".[102] Critics have compared Rei to the Virgin Mary,[103] Pinocchio,[37][104] and a "Great Bad Mother trying to take in her son".[105] Anno originally conceived of Rei as a representation of his unconscious mind[106] and a young, female schizophrenia sufferer. He asked Sadamoto to give Rei the likeness of "a bitterly unhappy young girl with little sense of presence".[107] Sadamoto also took inspiration from Paul Gallico's novella The Snow Goose.[108] Writer Patrick W. Galbraith described Rei as "the single most popular and influential character in the history of otaku anime".[109] Rei has received a positive reception, and has appeared in popularity polls about the best anime characters decades after the show's first broadcast.[110][111][112] Her role in Rebuild was especially appreciated; reviewers praised her development and gradual process of gaining self-awareness.[113][114][115]
Asuka Langley Soryu[edit]
Voiced by: Yūko Miyamura[116] (Japanese); Tiffany Grant (ADV, Movies and Rebuild), Stephanie McKeon (Netflix)[117] (English)
Asuka Langley Soryu (
Critics and official publications about the series have linked Asuka to psychological disorders and defense mechanisms such as masculine protest, reaction formation, repression,[127] and narcissistic personality disorder.[128] Website Otaku Kart described Asuka as "one of the most popular female characters in anime history".[129] She maintained a high ranking in every popularity poll of the series[130][131][132] and has appeared in surveys of the most-popular anime characters in Japan.[133][134] Despite this, Asuka received mixed reception. Some critics took issue with her hubris and her personality, judging these as tiresome and arrogant; others appreciated her realism and complex psychological introspection.[135][136]
Toji Suzuhara[edit]
Voiced by: Tomokazu Seki[137][138] (Japanese); Joe Pisano (ADV, episodes 3–18),[139] Michael O'Connor (ADV, episodes 19 and 20), Brett Weaver (ADV, episode 26, films and Amazon Prime Video Rebuild),[140][141] Justin Cook (Funimation Rebuild),[142][143] Johnny Yong Bosch (Netflix) (English)[144][145]
Toji Suzuhara (
Kaworu Nagisa[edit]
Voiced by: Akira Ishida (Japanese); Kyle Sturdivant (ADV),[158][159] Aaron Krohn (films),[160] Greg Ayres (Director's Cut),[161][162] Jerry Jewell (Funimation Rebuild),[163] Clifford Chapin (Netflix), Daman Mills (Amazon Prime Video Rebuild) (English)[164]
Kaworu Nagisa (
Critics have compared Kaworu to Jesus Christ for his sacrifice,[171] Devilman's Ryo Asuka,[172] and Kaoru, a character from the science-fiction movie Summer Vacation 1999 (1988).[173][174] Evangelion Chronicle magazine linked his name to Tabris, the Angel of free will, and Cahor (Japanese: Kahoru (カホル)), who is referred to as the Angel of deceit, a detail the publication relates to his deceptive, anthropomorphic features.[175] Gainax originally conceived Kaworu as a cat that controls a boy, intended to appear in the series' twenty-second episode.[176] Although Kaworu only appears in one episode, he remains popular with audiences and animation enthusiasts,[177] and topped popularity polls.[178][179][180] Anime News Network's Kenneth Lee disliked Kaworu's ambiguity and lack of clarity, and the homoerotic undertones of his relationship with Shinji;[104] others reviewers praised it and enjoyed his personality.[181][182] Kaworu's role in the film Evangelion 3.0 (2012) also drew positive comments from critics.[183][184]
Mari Illustrious Makinami[edit]
Voiced by: Maaya Sakamoto[185] (Japanese); Trina Nishimura (Funimation),[186] Deneen Melody (Amazon Prime Video)[187] (English)
Mari Illustrious Makinami (
Mari received mixed reception from critics. Some reviewers thought she was excessively sexualized, and considered her role irrelevant and insignificant;[196][197][198][199] others praised it,[200][201] finding her a good alternative to the other characters.[202][203] In Evangelion: 3.0+1.0 Thrice Upon a Time, Mari's character was deepened with additional details, which drew attention[204][205][206] and further mixed evaluations; several critics complained about the lack of explanations about her nature, finding her underdeveloped and wasted;[207][208] others appreciated her battle scenes,[209] her psychology, and her role in the show's finale.[90][210]
Supporting characters[edit]
Nerv staff[edit]
Gendo Ikari[edit]
Voiced by: Fumihiko Tachiki[211] (Japanese); Tristan MacAvery (ADV and films),[212] John Swasey (Director's Cut and Rebuild),[213][214] Ray Chase (Netflix)[215] (English)
Gendo Ikari (
The character was originally conceived as a modern version of Victor Frankenstein;[219] he was inspired by the personal experiences of the series' staff members, reflecting the absent and emotionally detached Japanese father figure.[220] Neon Genesis Evangelion director Hideaki Anno's father was also an influence on Gendo;[221][222] Anno also took inspiration from psychoanalysis concepts, especially the Freudian Oedipus complex. Gendo ranked in several polls about the most attractive male characters,[223][224][225] but reviewers also had negative opinions of him;[226][227] they criticized his abusive[228][229] and manipulative ways.[230] Gendo's role in Rebuild has been more positively received,[231] especially in the final installment.[232][233][207] His image has also been described as "one of the most easily recognizable images of anime on the internet";[234] his joined-hands pose, which fans named the Gendo pose, has been parodied in subsequent anime and manga.[235][236][237]
Kozo Fuyutsuki[edit]
Voiced by: Motomu Kiyokawa (Japanese); Guil Lunde (ADV), Michael Ross (films, Amazon Prime Video Rebuild), Kent Williams (Rebuild), J. P. Karliak (Netflix) (English)
Kozo Fuyutsuki (
Although Kozo shares Nerv's basic objectives, he occasionally shows he does not approve of its means.[243] He has a balanced character and does not panic in dramatic situations.[244] Despite his role as a deputy, he maintains an affectionate personality and a humane approach to his subordinates, including the pilots.[245] In The End of Evangelion, a vision of Yui Ikari appears to Kozo during Instrumentality and he smiles to welcome her;[246] he serenely watches the process while waiting to reunite with the woman he never stopped loving.[247][248] Kozo's last name Fuyutsuki comes from the Akizuki-class destroyer of the same name.[21] According to Yoshiyuki Sadamoto, Gendo and Kozo are respectively based on Ed Straker and Alec Freeman from the television series UFO.[24]
Misato Katsuragi[edit]
Voiced by: Kotono Mitsuishi (Japanese); Allison Keith (ADV, Movies and Rebuild), Carrie Keranen (Netflix) (English)
Misato Katsuragi (
For the character, the staff took inspiration from Fujiko Mine of Lupin III, Japanese writer Aya Sugimoto,[252] and Usagi Tsukino of Sailor Moon, with whom she shares a voice actor.[253][254] Mitsuishi described Misato as a lonely, insecure woman who tries to hide "the darkness and loneliness she harbors deep in her heart".[255] Writer Dennis Redmond speculated that Misato may be based on Nadia Arwol from The Secret of Blue Water, while Akio Nagatomi of The Animé Café compared her to Kazumi Amano from Gunbuster.[256][257] Misato has ranked high in popularity polls[258][259] and has generally had a positive reception.[260] Reviewers appreciated her tenacity, endearment,[261] and psychology;[262] deeming her realistic[263][264] and underrated.[265]
Ritsuko Akagi[edit]
Voiced by: Yuriko Yamaguchi (Japanese); Sue Ulu (ADV and films), Colleen Clinkenbeard (Funimation Rebuild), Erica Lindbeck (Netflix), Mary Faber (Amazon Prime Video Rebuild) (English)
Ritsuko Akagi (
Ritsuko is rational, and has a strong sense of discipline and detached judgment. She finds it difficult to reconcile these sides of her character, which are often a source of violent, emotional contrasts.[274] Ritsuko shows great determination and indifference, and hesitates to talk about herself, even with longtime friends. Despite her rational and reserved exterior, she is sensitive, expressive, and passionate. At the beginning of her university career, Ritsuko dyed her hair blonde to differentiate herself from her mother Naoko.[275] She later fell in love with Gendo Ikari, with whom she entered a secret romantic relationship and offered him her scientific skills and body. Ritsuko is jealous of Rei, the center of Gendo's attention, and feeling used and betrayed, she carries out reckless acts of revenge against him.[276] In The End of Evangelion, Ritsuko is no longer able to manage her feelings of love and hate; she attempts to destroy Nerv's headquarters, uttering the phrase "Mom, do you want to die with me?". However, the Casper computer, in which Naoko's personality is imprinted, refuses the command to self-destruct, and Gendo shoots Ritsuko dead.[277] Newtype magazine compared Ritsuko to previous Anno characters, such as Kazumi Amano from Gunbuster and Electra from Nadia.[278]
Ryoji Kaji[edit]
Voiced by: Kōichi Yamadera (Japanese); Aaron Krohn (ADV and films), J. Michael Tatum (Funimation Rebuild), Greg Chun (Netflix), Sean Burgos (Amazon Prime Video Rebuild) (English)
Ryoji Kaji (
Although the motive for Ryoji's actions remains unknown,[288] he tries to find the truth about Nerv's real objectives.[289][290] After the battle against the Angel Zeruel, one of Ryoji's informants betrays him and a third man assassinates him. Ryoji bequeaths the results of his investigations to Misato. Some fan theories about the identity of his murderer arose; starting from the twentieth episode, many fans thought Misato, who takes a gun in the scene before his murder, is responsible, but the main staff falsified this theory,[291] saying the responsible party would be found among the members of Seele or the secret services.[292] To avoid misunderstanding, some scenes of the director's cut version of the series were changed.[50][293] The character was inspired by Captain Foster from the television series UFO.[294]
Makoto Hyuga[edit]
Voiced by: Hiro Yūki (Japanese); Matt Greenfield (ADV), Keith Burgess (films), Mike McFarland (Funimation Rebuild), Daniel MK Cohen (Netflix), Joe Fria (Amazon Prime Video Rebuild) (English)
Makoto Hyuga (
Maya Ibuki[edit]
Voiced by: Miki Nagasawa (Japanese); Kendra Benham (ADV), Amy Seeley (films, Amazon Prime Video Rebuild), Monica Rial (Director's Cut), Caitlin Glass (Funimation Rebuild), Christine Marie Cabanos (Netflix) (English)
Maya Ibuki (
Shigeru Aoba[edit]
Voiced by: Takehito Koyasu (Japanese); Jason C. Lee (ADV and films, Amazon Prime Video Rebuild), Vic Mignogna (Director's Cut), Phil Parsons (Funimation Rebuild), Billy Kametz (Netflix) (English)
Shigeru Aoba (
Classmates[edit]
Kensuke Aida[edit]
Voiced by: Tetsuya Iwanaga (Japanese); Kurt Stoll (ADV and films), Greg Ayres (Funimation Rebuild), Benjamin Diskin (Netflix), Alejandro Saab (Amazon Prime Video Rebuild) (English)
Kensuke Aida (
Hikari Horaki[edit]
Voiced by: Junko Iwao (Japanese); Carol Amerson (ADV), Kimberly Yates (films, Amazon Prime Video Rebuild), Leah Clark (Funimation Rebuild), Abby Trott (Netflix) (English)
Hikari Horaki (
Other characters[edit]
Naoko Akagi[edit]
Voiced by: Mika Doi (Japanese); Laura Chapman (ADV and films) (English)
Naoko Akagi (
Yui Ikari[edit]
Voiced by: Megumi Hayashibara (Japanese); Kim Sevier (ADV), Amanda Winn-Lee (films, Amazon Prime Video Rebuild), Stephanie Young (Funimation Rebuild), Ryan Bartley (Netflix) (English)
Yui Ikari (
Kyoko Zeppelin Soryu[edit]
Voiced by: Maria Kawamura (Japanese); Yvonne Aguirre (ADV), Kimberly Yates (films) (English)
Kyoko Zeppelin Soryu (
Keel Lorenz[edit]
Voiced by: Mugihito (Japanese); Rick Peeples (ADV), Tom Booker (films, Amazon Prime Video Rebuild), Bill Jenkins (Funimation Rebuild), D. C. Douglas (Netflix) (English)
Keel Lorenz (キール・ローレンツ, Kīru Rōrentsu) is the president of the Human Instrumentality Committee and the secret organization Seele.[345] Multiple cybernetic components are grafted into his body, allowing him to have vital energy despite his advanced age, being sixty-seven years old.[346] Keel secretly manipulates the world's fate to see the Third Impact realized.[347] Keel is of German nationality and has a calm, rational personality.[348] For the character's name, the authors were inspired by biologist Konrad Lorenz;[21] in the presentation document of the series, his name was Konrad.
Pen Pen[edit]
Voiced by: Megumi Hayashibara (Japanese); Amanda Winn-Lee (ADV, films, Amazon Prime Video Rebuild), Mandy Clark (Director's Cut), Monica Rial (Funimation Rebuild), Cherami Leigh (Netflix) (English)
Pen Pen, or Pen2 (ペンペン, Penpen) is a small pet penguin and the companion of Misato Katsuragi. Pen Pen, who belongs to a new breed of hot spring penguins,[349][350] is most likely the result of a biotechnology experiment and has a serial number on his collar. He seems to have a high IQ, which allows him to bathe himself,[351] understand human languages, read a newspaper,[352] and live independently inside Misato's apartment. In the series' final episodes, Pen Pen is moved to a country house to live with the Horaki family.[353] Yoshiyuki Sadamoto designed the character to meet the staff's request to include a being that could serve as the series mascot. Because the show is set in Hakone, a town known for its hot springs, Pen Pen was at first conceived as a monkey, but the idea was considered unattractive and was discarded.[354] Pen-Pen is possibly inspired by Mister Pen-Pen (Mr.ペンペン), a genetically modified penguin that appears in a 1986 anime of the same name.[355][356]
Shiro Tokita[edit]
Voiced by: Hōchū Ōtsuka[357] (Japanese); Rob Bundy (English)
Shiro Tokita (
Other media[edit]
Rebuild of Evangelion[edit]
In Evangelion: 3.0 You Can (Not) Redo (2012), the third installment of the Rebuild of Evangelion series, a new organization named Wille ([ˈvɪlə], German for "will") is introduced. Wille was created to destroy Nerv and is led by Misato Katsuragi.
Sumire Nagara[edit]
Voiced by: Sayaka Ōhara (Japanese); Krishna Smitha (Funimation), Rebeka Thomas (Amazon Prime Video) (English)
Sumire Nagara (
Koji Takao[edit]
Voiced by: Akio Ōtsuka (Japanese); Greg Dulcie (Funimation), Jake Eberle (Amazon Prime Video) (English)
Koji Takao (
Hideki Tama[edit]
Voiced by: Anri Katsu (Japanese); Aaron Roberts (Funimation), Scott Golden (Amazon Prime Video) (English)
Hideki Tama (
Midori Kitakami[edit]
Voiced by: Mariya Ise (Japanese); Tia Ballard (Funimation), Bijou Vann (Amazon Prime Video) (English)
Midori Kitakami (
Sakura Suzuhara[edit]
Voiced by: Miyuki Sawashiro (Japanese); Felecia Angelle (English)
Sakura Suzuhara (
Detective Evangelion[edit]
In the video game Detective Evangelion (
Kaede Agano[edit]
Voiced by: Ai Shimizu[367]
Kaede Agano (
Satsuki Ōi[edit]
Voiced by: Maria Yamamoto[367]
Satsuki Ōi (
Aoi Mogami[edit]
Aoi Mogami (
Victims and other characters[edit]
The game also includes several other characters who are brutally murdered and whose case Shinji Ikari investigates:
- Natsuko Kako (
加古 ナツコ), the first victim, a fourteen-year-old girl who attends Neo Tokyo-3 Middle School. - Kyōko Nachi (
那智 キョウコ), second victim, a twenty-nine-year-old teacher at Neo Tokyo-3 Middle School.[373] - Erika Kashii (
香椎 エリカ), third victim, a twenty-seven-year-old woman and member of the Nerv forensic department.[374] - Mimi Satsuma (
薩摩 ミミ), fourth victim, a twenty-three-year-old teacher at Neo Tokyo-3 Middle School.[375]
Also appearing in the game are the Shirase (
Evangelion Battlefield[edit]
Evangelion Battlefields (エヴァンゲリオンバトルフィールズ, Evangerion Batorufiiruzu) is a mobile game that was released for the operating systems iOS and Android on April 2, 2020. The game allows players to command and fight with various Evangelions. It was produced by Khara studio, and released by Mobcast and Takara Tomy Arts.[377][378] The game introduces two new female characters:
- Kotone Suzunami (
涼 波 コトネ) is a cheerful, fourteen-year-old girl who is Shinji's new fellow pilot. She is used to referring to her classmates with the Japanese honorific term senpai and is voiced by Megumi Han.[379] - Hitomi Amagi (
天城 ヒトミ) is a twenty-seven-year-old woman who is introduced as both a Nerv worker and a mental-health counselor; in the second season of the title, she becomes a playable character. Hitomi is voiced by Mai Nakahara.[379]
Neon Genesis Evangelion RPG: The Nerv White Paper[edit]
Neon Genesis Evangelion RPG: The Nerv White Paper (
- Commander Nikolayev (ニコラーエフ
司令 官 ?) is the head of the Nerv's Russian section. Nikolayev is seemingly friendly, amiable, and well-mannered but in reality, with this positive attitude, he could only be stonewalling the Nerv headquarters and concealing his true character.[383] - Marie Vincennes (マリイ・ヴァンセンヌ?) is a fourteen-year-old girl who was born in the United States; she is a prodigy with a Ph.D. who is called by Nerv on July 7, 2005,[384] to help advance the science of the Evangelion programs. Despite having a kind voice and good manners, Marie is self-centered and arrogant.[385] During a welcome party dedicated to her at Misato's apartment that is attended by the main members of the organization, Marie does not bond with anyone but the penguin Pen-Pen, whom she hugs at the end of the party.[386] Feeling she is treated as an outsider, Marie sells some of the technologies she developed to the CIA, who had contacted her previously. Following the killing of two American agents and an accident that is caused by her inventions, she realizes her mistake and confesses everything after a hospitalization. Maire tells members of the Nerv she has inserted a chip containing the program to cancel the modifications to the Evangelion's cockpits she introduced in Pen-Pen's collar.[387] Once the danger is averted, Marie is shipped to China and assigned the development of the Eva-08. At the end of the game. Marie greets the Nerv members at Hakone Yumoto station, saying; "See you, my friends".[388]
Secret of Evangelion[edit]
Secret of Evangelion (シークレット オブ エヴァンゲリオン, Shīkuretto Obu Evangerion) is a PlayStation 2 video game that was developed by West One and published by Jinx on December 21, 2006. It is set between the events of the final episodes of the television anime and The End of Evangelion, and features thirty scenarios and ten endings.[389][390]
- Kyōya Kenzaki (
剣崎 キョウヤ) is a member of the first section of the Nerv's investigation department. He is the protagonist of the game;[389][390] he is twenty-nine years old, projects a calm, shrewd attitude, and constantly wears sunglasses. Kyōya faithfully performs his duties, is not afraid of death, and maintains cordial relations with other people. He has known Misato, Kaji, and Ritsuko since his college days. At the beginning of Secret of Evangelion, Kyōya is tasked with delivering the Eva-04 to the Nerv headquarters but he encounters mysterious accidents, terrorist attacks, and a conspiracy within the organization.[391] His design was handled by Shunji Suzumi, a staff member of the original series.[392] - Hitomi Kaga (
加賀 ヒトミ, Kaga Hitomi) is a scientist in Nerv's first science department; she is a brilliant but absent-minded and clumsy. Kyōya has a degree in metaphysical biology and participates in Project E along with Ritsuko Akagi, becoming involved in the development of the Eva, and the creation of the Dummy System and Dummy Plug. Hitomi plays a central role in an operation to retrieve Shinji Ikari, who is trapped inside an Evangelion unit.[393][394]
Mana Kirishima[edit]
Voiced by: Megumi Hayashibara
Mana Kirishima (
Mana immediately treats Shinji as her boyfriend and the two, after advice from Kaji, have their first date. It is later discovered Mana is a spy under the orders of a rival Nerv company, and is assigned as a pilot of a mecha called Trident, along with two men named Musashi Lee Strasberg (ムサシ・リー・ストラスバーグ) and Keita Asari (
Mayumi Yamagishi[edit]
Voiced by: Kyōko Hikami[402]
Mayumi Yamagishi (
Nene Matsukaze[edit]
Nene Matsukaze (
Cultural impact[edit]
Popularity[edit]
According to Allegra Frank and Aja Romano of Vox, in Japan, Evangelion "spawned countless anime tropes", and "it remains common to see characters like Shinji, Rei, and Asuka appear in advertisements or pachinko parlors throughout Japan, and the series' iconography remains widely recognizable in the country". According to Frakn, outside Japan "Evangelion's characters are well-known, beloved and memed by anime fans".[411] The Neon Genesis Evangelion characters were immediately popular with Japanese audiences, appearing at the top of popularity charts. According to the website Sora News 24, they enjoy "eternal popularity", as evidenced by their frequent use for merchandise items.[412] The series appeared for years in the Anime Grand Prix, a large, annual poll Animage magazine conducts. In 1996, Shinji and Gendo occupied the second and sixteenth place among the most-popular male characters; Rei, Asuka, and Misato were the first, third, and eighth, respectively, among the female ones.[413] In 1997, the rankings saw Shinji (first), Kaworu (second), Kaji (tenth), Gendo (fourteenth), Toji (forty-fourth), and Fuyutsuki (fifty-seventh) among the male characters; and Rei (first), Asuka (fourth), Misato (eighth), Maya (nine-teenth), Ritsuko (twenty-seventh), and Hikari (forty-seventh) among the female characters.[414] In 1998 Shinji and Kaworu maintained their placement, while Rei, Asuka, and Misato dropped to fifth, sixth, and twelfth, respectively.[415] Some of the characters appeared in the magazine's monthly rankings for years, such as Shinji, Asuka, Rei, and Maya.[178][258]
The protagonists also appeared in Newtype magazine's polls, even years after the show's first airing;[416][417][418] from August to October 2009 they were among the most popular among the magazine's readers,[419][420] both in the male and female categories.[421] In March 2010, Newtype named Rei the most-popular female character of the 1990s, and placed Shinji first and Kaworu second in the male category.[422]
Critical response[edit]
The characters of Neon Genesis Evangelion divided critics. Peter Harcoff of the webzine The Anime Critic did not like Shinji's weak personality and Asuka's grumpiness but praised the relationships between the characters and their motivations.[425] The website Anime Planet was critical of some aspects of the series but praised the characters.[426] THEM Anime Reviews's Raphael See found their characterization irritating and clichéd, saying he had seen similar personalities in previous anime.[427] See's colleague Tim Jones, disdained the psychology of the protagonists, all of whom have tragic pasts and relationship problems, with the exception of Kaji.[428]
An implicit sex scene between two characters in the twentieth episode caused controversy considering the show was broadcast in an afternoon time-slot,[429] and the last two episodes completely focus on the Shinji's psychological depth and inner monologs, which raised further controversy and polarized the opinions of critics.[430] For anthropologist Lawrence Eng, the ending does not give a sense of closure for most of the characters, and said; "for many loyal fans of Evangelion, this was a betrayal on Anno's part".[56] Vice.com's Ricardo Conteras, while not finding the conclusion incomprehensible, described it as incongruent with what the protagonists faced through the rest of the series.[431] Anime director Yoshiyuki Tomino also criticized Evangelion and rebuked the show's producers for not trying to "making fun for or gaining the sympathy of the audience", and instead trying to show "that everybody is sick" and hopeless. According to Tomino; "I don't think that's a real work of art ... I think that we should try to show people how to live healthier, fuller lives, to foster their identity as a part of their community, and to encourage them to work happily until they die. I can't accept any work that doesn't say that".[423]
Other reviewers praised the characterization of the protagonists. According to Kotaku's Rita Jackson; "it's not fun to spend time with these characters", given the strong emotional pressure and anguish they are forced to suffer, and while "sometimes characters feel more like mouthpieces for Anno's thoughts about society than actual characters", she appreciated the writer's "brilliant" work.[432] Morgan Lewis of the webzine VG Culture HQ stated; "none of the characters are black and white" and "all of them are screwed up beyond belief"; he called Shinji the most layered character, stating Evangelion is not suitable for an inattentive audience.[433] A similar opinion was given by Anime News Network's Nick Creamer, according to whom one of the anime's strengths is the fact no protagonist is trapped in a simple narrative role; Creamer said; "Evangelion portrays the mindsets of its characters with empathy and nuance".[434] According to Matthew Perez of Anime Reign magazine; "the characters are by far the most hated aspect of Neon Genesis Evangelion"; he noted many are initially archetypal and stereotypical. Perez praised the characters' realism and judged some of them to be the "most well made in anime to date".[435]
For writer Andrea Fontana, Evangelion would be "a true sociological and psychological treatise"; he praised the introspective insight of its protagonists and the underlying message of learning to be oneself.[436] Equally positive were the reviews from Comic Book Resources authors. Ajay Aravind praised the personalities of Rei, Misato, and Yui; Anthony Gramuglia called the protagonists "incredibly complicated and fascinating";[437][438] and Reuben Baron appreciated the characters' three-dimensionality and exploration of trauma but criticized the fan service and sexualization of the teenage characters.[439] Other writers at Comic Book Resource described the female characters as strong, determined, and independent, and considered the series to be ahead of its time.[440][441] Anime News Network's Martin Theron praised Sadamoto's "distinctive" character design.[442] Allen Divers, another editor at Anime News Network, stated; "The characters and storyline of Evangelion would give Sigmund Freud complexes".[443] Fellow reviewer Matt Jong also appreciated the development, calling it "provoking";[444] and Paul Fargo, another reviewer for the same website, praised the tragic nature and psychological depth of the second half of the series, especially in the director's-cut version of the home video editions.[445]
Merchandise[edit]
According to Neon Genesis Evangelion: The Unofficial Guide, which was written by Kazuhisa Fujie and Martin Foster, the anime's release "ignited a boom in merchandise unprecedented in a country already awash with such goods", with over 600 items being made to celebrate the event.[446] The characters were used for T-shirts,[447] access-dateries,[448] posters,[449] and watches.[450] Action figures became the most popular items, particularly those of Rei;[451] books featuring her image on the cover also sold quickly and media named her "the Premium Girl".[452] When Neon Genesis Evangelion: Death & Rebirth was released in 1997, the UCC Ueshima Coffee Co. company marketed coffee cans with the characters of the series,[453] selling 400,000 cases—about twelve million cans; after the release of Evangelion: 1.0 You Are (Not) Alone in 2007, another 300,000 cases containing about nine million cans were sold.[454] In 1997, a series of books dedicated to the show's protagonists was published;[455] Rei,[456] Asuka,[457] Shinji[458] and Kaworu,[459] along with two artbooks titled Photo File Eve,[460] about only the female protagonists, and Photo File Adam, dedicated to the male characters.[461] In the same year, a catalog titled "E Mono" containing articles about the series and the characters was published; it also listed some dōjinshi—unofficial comics made by fans.[462]
According to critic Pier Francesco Cantelli; "it is impossible to take a tour of Akihabara without coming across at least one poster depicting [the show's] protagonists"; he also compared the success of the Evangelion franchise to the popularity of Star Wars in the United States.[463] Neon Genesis Evangelion protagonists also appear in video games based on the original animated series and media not belonging to the Evangelion franchise; these include Monster Strike,[464] Super Robot Wars,[465] Tales of Zestiria,[466] Puzzle & Dragons,[467] Keri hime sweets, Summons Board,[468][469] Puyopuyo!! Quest,[470] Line Rangers,[471] Unison,[472] MapleStory,[473][474] Valkyrie Connect,[475][476] Ragnarok Online,[477][478] The Battle Cats[479] and an official crossover episode of Shinkansen Henkei Robo Shinkalion.[480]
Legacy[edit]
The protagonists of Neon Genesis Evangelion appeared on the covers of magazines specializing in anime and manga, such as Animage and Newtype, and the anime became the most-discussed product of the Japanese animation industry. Since the broadcast of the first episode at Comiket conventions, it appeared in the dōjin market,[481][482] attracting male and female audiences in equal numbers.[483][484] The Artifice's Justin Wu attributed the characters' success to several factors, such as Sadamoto's designs and the open-ended nature of the product, which is characterized by obscure points and facts that are left to viewers' interpretation and imagination; according to him, Neon Genesis Evangelion is a pivotal event in the history of merchandise, which became an important market.[485] According to Newtype magazine, after the anime's success; "hordes of otaku fllooded Akihabra in search of the enigmatic Rei Ayanami, and companies realized for the first time that catering to the geek crowd could be very profitable ... Akihabara itself has transformed from an 'electric town' famous for household appliances to the geek paradise it is today".[486] Such a high trade in figures, trading cards, and similar products began the moe phenomenon, in which the audience's attention is focused on empathy and attraction to the characters rather than the plot.[486][487] According to scholar Patrick Galbraith, Neon Genesis Evangelion began a massive growth in anime that focused on cute girls, causing the fanzine and figure markets to grow tenfold due to viewers' emotional response to the characters, with "[e]ntire fanzine conventions ... committed to the series and its characters".[488]
Journal AsianScape described the representation of Evangelion's characters as "possibly the most innovative and influential aspect" of the series, with the presentation of characters with deep, psychic traumas and alienation.[489] Game Developer's Brett Fujioka wrote; "Eva turned hackneyed anime tropes and archetypes on their heads through its characters ... [Anno's] psychologically malcontent characters resonated with Japanese youth at the time".[490] Leading researchers also studied the characters' success. Japanese sociologist Shinji Miyadai, among others, reported instances of college students identifying with Shinji or Asuka;[491] according to essayist Satomi Ishikawa, such episodes are a reflection of "how influential the impact of this particular anime has been" for Japanese youth at the time. Ishikawa noted in the years after the series aired, it became very popular, giving rise to the expression "Eva phenomenon", and many fans saw themselves in the protagonists. The central element and the reason for so much attraction to Evangelion is in Japanese called jibun sagashi (
As a result of the success of Neon Genesis Evangelion, the sekaikei genre, in which plots combine apocalyptic crises with the sentimental comedy of school settings, spread and became popular; the love stories of the protagonists of such works are directly related to the fate of the world.[495] Several representatives of this genre were inspired by Anno's series they are mainly oriented on the psychology of the characters and their relationships rather than on the plot, becoming one of the main motifs of Japanese subculture. The neologism sekaikei was often replaced with the expression "post-Evangelion syndrome". Critics have identified sekaikei elements in Voices of a Distant Star, She, the Ultimate Weapon, Iriya no Sora, UFO no Natsu,[496] Your Name.,[495] and The Melancholy of Haruhi Suzumiya, interpreted as a parody of it.[497] According to Comic Book Resources's Timothy Donohoo, female heroes Rei and Asuka are "extremely important to the development of modern anime writing ... All of Evangelion's characters were influential and imitated, but in particular Rei and Asuka created a prototype for entertaining romantic interests that future series would use again and again".[498] Patrick Drazen wrote; "Evangelion exerted a very heavy influence in terms of character design on the anime that came after it".[499] Rei is considered particularly popular and influential,[500][501] and inspired several female heroes who came later[502][503] and contributed to the spread of the kuudere stereotype, with apparently cold, apathetic, and mysterious characters.[504][505] Asuka, Shinji,[506] Misato[507] and Gendo[508] also inspired artists, characters in other animated series, video games, and comics. Asuka is considered an influential example of a tsundere protagonist; she is grumpy, short-tempered, and authoritarian but has a tragic past and deep motivations behind it.[509][510]
According to The Washington Post's Gene Park, a considerable portion of cyberculture is rooted in the success of Evangelion, which is popular on 4chan and other websites. According to Park, fans of the series are divided between Asuka and Rei, and have generated the waifu wars, a phenomenon in which users of blogs and websites clash to determine with different arguments which character is the most attractive.[511] Maria R. Rider of Ex.org noted Gainax's series has inspired Gasaraki's character design, and particularly that of Miharu, who is similar to Rei.[512] Rurouni Kenshin's author Nobuhiro Watsuki compared his character Yukishiro Tomoe to Rei;[513] he also used Yui as the visual model for Honjō Kamatari's face.[514]
Notes[edit]
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- ^ a b Lamarre 2009, p. 180.
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- ^ Kosukegawa, Yoichi (May 8, 1997). "Cartoon 'Eva' captures sense of void among Japanese youth". Japan Economic Newswire.
In the September 1996 issue of the Quick Japan information magazine, Hideaki Anno, the director of Evangelion, described Eva as a 'personal film,' each character reflecting part of his own personality.
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- ^ EVA SPECIAL TALK with
庵 野 秀明 +上野 俊哉 . Newtype (in Japanese). Kadokawa Shoten. November 1996. - ^ "
鶴巻 和哉 ". ヱヴァンゲリヲン新 劇場 版 :破 全 記録 全集 (in Japanese). Ground Works. 2010. pp. 323–351. ISBN 978-4-905033-00-4. - ^ Charles Solomon (August 11, 2021). "'Evangelion' Director Explains How He Finally Found His Ending". The New York Times. Retrieved November 2, 2021.
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{{cite magazine}}
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{{cite magazine}}
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