Lord Longyang
Lord Longyang (traditional Chinese:
Story
[edit]The story of Lord Longyang is recorded in the Records of the Warring States (traditional Chinese:
Influence
[edit]In his book Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China, Bret Hinsch writes that the story of Lord Longyang serves as an example of both the sexual opportunism and openness of homosexuality in Zhou dynasty courts.[4]
The story of Lord Longyang also influenced later Chinese literature. In the poetry of Ruan Ji, Lord Longyang is used, along with Anling, to figuratively evoke male beauty and love between men, and specifically royal favor.[11][12] The 1632 book The Forgotten Tales of Longyang or The Forgotten Stories of Longyang (traditional Chinese:
The word longyang is also used in China to euphemistically refer to gay men,[19][20] and has been through much of Chinese history,[21][22] serving as a common classical literary term for male homosexuality.[6][23] Longyang is also sometimes translated as "catamite,"[24][25] or used to refer specifically to the passive partner in intercourse.[26][6] The phrase longyang pi (traditional Chinese:
References
[edit]- ^ Brown, Kendall H. (1991). The Politics of Reclusion: Painting and Power in Momoyama Japan. Honolulu, HI: University of Hawaiì Press. p. 24. ISBN 0-585-34506-6. OCLC 47010676.
- ^ a b Jiang, Quanhong; Tan, Longyan; Sun, Mei (2020-02-13). "Research on Legislation of Homosexuality in China". Proceedings of the Third International Conference on Social Science, Public Health and Education (SSPHE 2019). Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research. Atlantis Press. pp. 138–141. doi:10.2991/assehr.k.200205.030. ISBN 978-94-6252-904-5. ISSN 2352-5398. S2CID 212710463.
- ^ a b Vitiello, Giovanni (1992). "The Dragon's Whim: Ming and Qing Homoerotic Tales from "The Cut Sleeve"". T'oung Pao. 78 (4/5): 341–372. doi:10.1163/156853292X00045. ISSN 0082-5433. JSTOR 4528573.
- ^ a b Hinsch, Bret (1990). Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-0-520-91265-6.
- ^ a b Pines, Yuri (2002). "Changing views of "tianxia" in pre-imperial discourse". Oriens Extremus. 43: 101–116. ISSN 0030-5197. JSTOR 24047595.
- ^ a b c Kang, Wenqing (2009). Obsession: Male Same-Sex Relations in China, 1900-1950. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. p. 23. ISBN 978-988-8052-61-5. OCLC 1148078345.
- ^ Zhang, Xuan (2014). Portrayals of gay characters in Chinese movies: A longitudinal look (Master's thesis). Iowa State University. Retrieved 2022-07-09.
- ^ Hinsch, Bret (1990). Passions of the Cut Sleeve: The Male Homosexual Tradition in China. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press. p. 32. ISBN 978-0-520-91265-6. OCLC 44954898.
- ^ a b Stevenson, Mark; Wu, Cuncun (2013). Homoeroticism in Imperial China: A Sourcebook. Routledge. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-203-07744-3. OCLC 827947100.
- ^ Ma, Jing Wu (2003-02-25). "From "Long Yang" and "Dui Shi" to Tongzhi: Homosexuality in China". Journal of Gay & Lesbian Psychotherapy. 7 (1–2): 117–143. doi:10.1300/J236v07n01_08. ISSN 0891-7140.
- ^ Zhang, Benzi (2010-06-30). "The Cultural Politics of Gender Performance". Cultural Studies. 25 (3): 294–312. doi:10.1080/09502386.2010.483803. S2CID 143191009.
- ^ Owen, Stephen; Swartz, Wendy; Tian, Xiaofei; Warner, Ding Xiang (2017). The Poetry of Ruan Ji and Xi Kang. Berlin: De Gruyter. ISBN 978-1-5015-0387-0. OCLC 999369785.
- ^ Wu, Cuncun (2013). "Male Brothels, Urbanization and Xiaoguan Identity in Late Ming Fiction: The Forgotten Tales of Longyang". Abstract Book 1. The 2013 International Conference on 'Chinese Masculinities on the Move: Time, Space and Cultures'. Hong Kong, China: Faculty of Arts, The University of Hong Kong. p. 1.
- ^ Wu, Cuncun (2016). "The Plebification of Male-Love in Late Ming Fiction: The Forgotten Tales of Longyang". In Kam, Louie (ed.). Changing Chinese Masculinities: From Imperial Pillars of State to Global Real Men. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. doi:10.5790/hongkong/9789888208562.001.0001. ISBN 978-988-8313-71-6.
- ^ Vitiello, Giovanni (1996-05-01). "The Fantastic Journey of an Ugly Boy: Homosexuality and Salvation in Late Ming Pornography". Positions: Asia Critique. 4 (2): 291–320. doi:10.1215/10679847-4-2-291. ISSN 1067-9847.
- ^ Vitiello, Giovanni (2000). "The Forgotten Tears of the Lord of Longyang: Late Ming Stories of Male Prostitution and Connoisseurship". In Engelfriet, Peter; de Meyer, Jan (eds.). Linked Faiths: Essays on Chinese Religions and Traditional Culture in Honour of Kristofer Schipper. Leiden, Netherlands: Brill. p. 227. ISBN 978-90-04-48893-9.
- ^ Wang, Xian (2015). "Langxian's Dilemma over the Cult of Martyrdom and Filial Piety: A World of Emptiness in "The Siege of Yangzhou"". Ming Studies. 2015 (72): 46–68. doi:10.1179/0147037X15Z.00000000046. ISSN 0147-037X. S2CID 161442773.
- ^ Vitiello, Giovanni (2000). "Exemplary Sodomites: Chivalry and Love in Late Ming Culture". NAN NÜ. 2 (2): 207–257. doi:10.1163/156852600750072259. ISSN 1387-6805.
- ^ "A long history of 'cutting sleeves'". South China Morning Post. 2010-01-16. Retrieved 2020-08-18.
- ^ Kong, Travis S. K. (2019). Oral Histories of Older Gay Men in Hong Kong: Unspoken but Unforgotten. Hong Kong: Hong Kong University Press. pp. 4, 7. ISBN 978-988-8528-06-6.
- ^ Woods, Gregory (1998). A History of Gay Literature: The Male Tradition. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. p. 60. ISBN 0-300-08088-3. OCLC 59453858.
- ^ Mungello, David E. (2012). Western Queers in China: Flight to the Land of Oz. Lanham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield. p. 38. ISBN 978-1-4422-1556-6. OCLC 804964296.
- ^ Kong, Travis SK (2012). "A fading Tongzhi heterotopia: Hong Kong older gay men's use of spaces". Sexualities. 15 (8): 896–916. doi:10.1177/1363460712459308. ISSN 1363-4607. S2CID 143355606.
- ^ Xin, Zhaokun (2021-03-01). "The Death of His Husband". Prism. 18 (1): 9–26. doi:10.1215/25783491-8922177. ISSN 2578-3491. S2CID 237976759.
- ^ Vitiello, Giovanni (2011). The Libertine's Friend: Homosexuality and Masculinity in Late Imperial China. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-85792-3. OCLC 880976492.
- ^ Szonyi, Michael (1998). "The Cult of Hu Tianbao and the Eighteenth-Century Discourse of Homosexuality". Late Imperial China. 19 (1): 1–25. doi:10.1353/late.1998.0004. ISSN 1086-3257. S2CID 144047410.
- ^ Wu, Cuncun (2012). Homoerotic Sensibilities in Late Imperial China. Abingdon, UK: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-64836-3. OCLC 867267663.