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Nanchang Qingyunpu Airport

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Nanchang Qingyunpu Airport

南みなみ昌あきら青あお云うん谱机场
Summary
Airport typeAircraft testing (former military)
LocationQingyunpu District, Nanchang, Jiangxi, China
OpenedSpring 1935
Elevation AMSL46 m / 151 ft
Coordinates28°38′7″N 115°55′46″E / 28.63528°N 115.92944°E / 28.63528; 115.92944
Map
Qingyunpu is located in China
Qingyunpu
Qingyunpu
Location of the airport in China
Runways
Direction Length Surface
m ft
2,417 7,930 Cement

Nanchang Qingyunpu Airport (Chinese: 南みなみ昌あきら青あお云うん谱机场), also known as Sanjiadian Airport (Chinese: 三さん家いえ店てん机つくえ场), is an airport in Qingyunpu District of Nanchang, Jiangxi, China. Originally constructed for use by the Republic of China Air Force, it was the largest airport in China when opened in 1935. The airport was destroyed during the Second Sino-Japanese War and rebuilt afterwards. After 1949, it was mainly used for test flights by the aircraft manufacturer Hongdu Aviation Industry Group, until its replacement by Nanchang Yaohu Airport in 2018.

Location and facilities

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The airport is located in Qingyunpu District of Nanchang, the capital of Jiangxi Province, China. It has a cement runway that is 2,417 metres (7,930 ft) long and 50 metres (160 ft) wide, capable of handling Boeing 737 and similar aircraft. Its elevation is 46 metres (151 ft) above sea level.[1]

History

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Republic of China

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Qingyunpu Airport, originally called Sanjiadian Airport, was built for Chiang Kai-shek's Encirclement Campaigns against the Chinese Soviet Republic, the rebel communist base in southern Jiangxi.[2] Laoyingfang Airport was originally used for that purpose, but its proximity to the city center impeded frequent military operations by the 250 war planes based there.[2]

In September 1933, Chiang ordered the construction of Sanjiadian Airport in Qingyunpu, then in the far outskirts of Nanchang, and mobilized 290,000 labourers from 83 counties of Jiangxi Province.[2] Construction officially began on 1 August 1934, and the airport was opened in the spring of 1935.[1] At the time it was the largest airport in China,[2] proclaimed to be the "No. 1 airport in the Far East".[1][2] It was then often referred to as the New Nanchang Airport.[1]

In 1933, Chiang Kai-shek signed an agreement with Italian Prime Minister Benito Mussolini to establish a joint venture in China to manufacture airplanes. The company, called Sino-Italian National Aircraft Works (SINAW), was established in 1934 in Nanchang, with factories located at both Sanjiadian and Laoyingfang airports.[2] It became the predecessor of Hongdu Aviation Industry Group, one of China's major aircraft manufacturers.[2]

After the outbreak of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1937, SINAW factories were severely damaged by Japanese aerial bombing.[2] During a bombing of Qingyunpu on 22 December 1937, 9 Imperial Japanese Navy fighter aircraft led by Shiota Ryōhei flying out of recently captured Nanking and escorting 12 IJN bombers were intercepted by Chinese Air Force fighters; Shiota Ryōhei (潮田うしおだ良平りょうへい) himself was shot down and killed by Xu Baodi (徐じょ葆畇),[3] a pilot of the 5th Pursuit Group flying a Polikarpov I-15 acquired by the Chinese under the new Sino-Soviet Treaty to counter Imperial Japanese aggressions.[4] The Soviet Union dispatched a volunteer air force to Qingyunpu Airport to help China fight the Japanese. Captain Anton Alekseyevich Gubenko and Major Liu Zhesheng among others all shot down Japanese bogeys during a major air battle over Nanchang on 26 June 1938.[5][6] The airport was destroyed as a result of the prolonged fighting and attrition from 1937 into mid-1939, and was rebuilt after the end of the war in 1945.[1]

People's Republic of China

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After the establishment of the People's Republic of China in 1949, the airport was renovated and used for aircraft testing by Hongdu Machinery Factory (now Hongdu Aviation).[1] From March 1981 to early 1982, when the runway of Nanchang Xiangtang Airport was being improved, Qingyunpu temporarily served as Nanchang's public airport for nine months.[7]

With the expansion of the city of Nanchang, Qingyunpu Airport became surrounded by the increasingly urban Qingyunpu District and restricted its development. Several major thoroughfares are cut off by the airport, causing Qingyunpu to be known as the most congested district of Nanchang.[8] On 23 December 2009, the Jiangxi provincial government reached an agreement with Aviation Industry Corporation of China, the parent company of Hongdu Aviation, to build the new Yaohu Airport in the Nanchang Aviation Industrial City to replace Qingyunpu Airport.[8] Construction for Yaohu Airport began in November 2016, and it was opened on 16 August 2018. Qingyunpu Airport is expected to close by the end of 2018.[8]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f "1956年ねん以前いぜん南みなみ昌あきら曾先后きさき建けん7处机场 其中两座系けい日び军所建けん". Jiangxi News. 2013-09-30. Retrieved 2018-09-28.
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Zhu Weiguo 朱しゅ伟国 (2015-09-01). "历史的てき记忆". Hongdu Aviation. Archived from the original on 2019-09-08. Retrieved 2018-10-02.
  3. ^ "未知みち". reader.epubee.com. Retrieved 2020-12-02. 徐じょ葆畇，河北かほく省しょう玉田たまだ县人，生なま于中华民国こく四よん年ねん... 在ざい中央ちゅうおう航空こうくう学校がっこう第だい五ご期き毕业。历任空そら军第3大だい队第七なな队队员、空そら军第5大だい队第二に十じゅう四よん队队员 、分ぶん队长、空そら军第5大だい队第二に十じゅう六ろく中ちゅう队副队长、空そら军军士し学校がっこう教官きょうかん、空そら军第3大だい队第三さん十じゅう二及第八中队中队长、空そら军第4大だい队副大だい队长，升しょう至上しじょう尉じょう一いち级... 第だい三个被击落的是号称"东方红武士し"的てき潮田うしおだ良平りょうへい，在ざい中国ちゅうごく的てき领空恣意しい妄为，目もく空そら一切いっさい，屡次るじ轰炸我わが城市じょうし，射しゃ击我抗日こうにち军民... 潮田うしおだ良平りょうへい在ざい南みなみ昌あきら上空じょうくう被ひ中国ちゅうごく飞行员徐葆畇击落殒命。
  4. ^ 张宁江こう 大字だいじ, 南みなみ昌あきら新しん闻网 (2019-12-18). "【老ろう南みなみ昌あきら】青あお云うん谱机场退休きゅう "83岁"的てき它曾见证南みなみ昌あきら抗日こうにち史し". 老ろう南みなみ昌あきら. 记者查询资料后きさき获悉，1937年ねん12月22日にち，在日ざいにち军空军中比ひ较有名めい的てき潮田うしおだ良平りょうへい率りつ舰载战斗机つくえ9架か，掩护12架か轰炸机つくえ，由ゆかり南京なんきん大だい校こう场机场起飞空袭南昌あきら。中国ちゅうごく空そら军飞机つくえ起おこり飞拦截。空そら战中，潮田うしおだ良平りょうへい的てき座ざ机つくえ被ひ从三家店机场起飞的中国空军驱逐机第5大だい队飞行ぎょう员徐葆畇驾驶的てき苏制N－15战斗机つくえ击中。
  5. ^ Gustavsson, Hakans. "Chinese biplane fighter aces - Liu Chi-Sheng". Biplane Fighter Aces -- China. Retrieved 2020-12-03. Liu Zhesheng claimed his fourth kill whilst flying in the new Soviet-made I-16 over Nanchang
  6. ^ Gustavsson, Hakans. "Soviet biplane fighter aces - Anton Gubenko". Biplane Fighter Aces - USSR. Retrieved 2020-12-03. The Japanese pilots reported that 60 Polikarpov I-16s were encountered over Nanchang. Despite the disparity in numbers, they attacked, claiming nine shot down, but 1Lt. Tsuruta and Sgt. Maj. Kichise were both shot down and killed, while Sgt. Maj. Sano returned with more than 20 bullet holes in his aircraft; only 2Lt. Obe's aircraft escaped damage... Kapitan Gubenko was credited with shooting down both Ki-10s claimed that day. One crashed on Yangtze Zhou and the other on the beach at Qingzhou.
  7. ^ "南みなみ昌あきら机つくえ场借力りょく大だい开放 拥抱"航空こうくう梦"". CAAC News. 2018-08-15. Retrieved 2018-09-29.
  8. ^ a b c ""83岁"青あお云うん谱机场今年ことし要よう"退すさ休きゅう"". People's Daily. 2018-08-17. Retrieved 2018-09-29.
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