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Pilanpo

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Vilambā
Painting of rakshasi Vilambā in Xianwu Temple, China
SanskritVilambā
Chinese毗藍婆ばば
(Pinyin: pílánpó)
離はなれ結ゆい
(Pinyin: lijié)
Japanese毗藍婆ばば
(romaji: biranba)
離はなれ結ゆい
(romaji: rikechi)
Korean비람파
(RR: birampa)
이결
(RR: igyeol)
VietnameseTỳ lam bà
Li kết
Information
Venerated byMahāyāna and Chinese folk religion
icon Religion portal

Vilambā (Chinese: 毗蓝婆ばば; pinyin: Pílánpó) is a bodhisattva and rakshasi in Mahayana Buddhism and the mother of Maori Xingguan in Chinese folk religion.[1][2][3] According to Volume 7 of the Lotus Sūtra, Vilambā is one of the Ten Rākṣasīs who protect the Dharma.[4]

Origin

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According to belief, Vilambā is a shapeshifter whose true form is a hen. Since hens and peacocks are seen as related through the phoenix (fenghuang), she is considered to be a relative of the bodhisattva and former peacock Mahamayuri, the godmother of the Buddha. Her son Maori Xingguan is a rooster and star deity (昴すばる日び星ほし官かん, the Sun Rooster of Hairy Head).[2] She is sometimes equated with Ākāśagarbha, a bodhisattva of the great element (mahābhūta) of space (ākāśa).

Iconography

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The Ten Rākṣasīs vary in appearance based on locale and textual tradition. One canonical text, the Law of the Ten Rākṣasīs of the Lotus (法華ほっけ十じゅう羅ら剎法; pinyin: fǎhuá shíluóshā fǎ; Japanese: hokke-jūrasetunyo-hō) stands out with its description of the physical features of the goddesses. Alternative forms tend to stem from Japanese Buddhist art manuals or local traditions throughout Asia.

According to the Law of the Ten Rākṣasīs of the Lotus, Vilambā has a form like that of a full moon, akin to a dragon king. She is thus inclined toward the great ocean. Her garments are green (碧あお緑みどり) and her face is white. She stands before a mirror. She controls the wind and clouds with her right hand and holds a mala in her left hand. Alternatively, she holds a pair of cymbals.

In Lotus Sūtra

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In Chapter 7, the "Dharani" section in the twenty-sixth chapter of the Lotus Sutra:

At that time, there were ten rakshasis named Lambā, Vilambā, Kūṭadantī, Puṣpadantī, Makuṭadantī, Keśinī, Acalā, Mālādhāri, Kuntī, and Sarvasattvojohārī. These ten rakshasis, along with the mother of all rakshasas, her son, and their entourage, all came to the Buddha and spoke with one voice: "World-Honored One, we also wish to protect those who read, recite, and uphold the Lotus Sutra. We will remove their misfortunes. If anyone seeks to harm these teachers, we will prevent them from succeeding."

— Lotus Sūtra, Chapter 7

In Journey to the West

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Samantabhadra accompanied by the Ten Rākṣasīs. Japanese depiction from the Kamakura period (1185–1333).

In Journey to the West, after Tang Sanzang and his disciples are defeated by the poison tea of the Hundred-Eyed Demon King, who possesses a thousand eyes that radiate brilliant golden light to confuse his enemies and victims, Sun Wukong flees from the demon and encounters Lishan Laomu.[5]

On the instructions of Lishan Laomu, Sun Wukong requests help from Vilambā, who eventually subdues and captures the demon king. Vilambā said that she had been living low-key for over 300 years since she last attended the Yulan Festival. She had kept her name incognito, never went out, and no one knew about her. When she asked Sun Wukong how he knew about her existence, he refused to answer. According to Vilambā, the demon king's radiant golden light is so powerful that even the Buddha could not defeat it. Vilambā uses an embroidery needle to do so, which was not made of iron or steel but was extracted by her son from his own eyes. After the demon king is subdued, Vilambā sends him to guard Thousand Flowers Cave.[6]

In Chapter 73 of the commentary on Journey to the West by Taoist Chen Shibin of the Qing Dynasty, it is explained that Lishan Laomu is familiar with the Hundred-Eyed Demon King, which refers to the pure yin consciousness containing poisonous flames. On the other hand, Vilambā carries the yang energy, similar to Ziyun Mountain in the Cave of Thousand Flowers, and radiates the brilliance of the sun, revealing light.[7]

The Yuan zaju or operatic version text of The Journey to the West styles Vilambā as the friend of the Queen Mother of the West, Princess Iron Fan and Lishan Laomu.

References

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  1. ^ "风雨潇潇，鸡鸣胶胶". The Beijing News (in Chinese). 28 January 2017.
  2. ^ a b "西にし游ゆう记里的てき毗蓝婆ばば竟然来らい历这么深". Sohu (in Chinese). 3 March 2017.
  3. ^ "唐から僧そう师徒再さい遭毒手しゅ险丧命いのち 毗蓝婆ばば菩萨救すくい难收妖". 希望きぼう之の声こえ (in Chinese (China)). 7 March 2021.
  4. ^ 《妙法みょうほう莲华经》卷まき七なな陀羅尼だらに品ひん第だい二に十じゅう六ろく：“尔时有ゆう罗刹女おんな等とう，一いち名めい蓝婆，二に名めい毗蓝婆ばば，三さん名曲めいきょく齿，四よん名めい华齿，五ご名めい黑くろ齿，六ろく名めい多た发，七なな名めい无厌足あし，八名やな持じ璎珞，九きゅう名めい睾帝，十名夺一切众生精气，是ぜ十じゅう罗刹女おんな，与あずか鬼子おにご母はは、并其子こ、及眷属ぞく，俱诣佛ふつ所しょ，同どう声こえ白しろ佛ふつ言ごと：‘世尊せそん，我わが等ひとし亦また欲よく拥护读诵受持うけもち法ほう华经者しゃ，除じょ其衰患，若わか有ゆう伺求法ほう师短者しゃ，令れい不ふ得とく便びん。’”
  5. ^ "从神话鸡到污化鸡，中国ちゅうごく鸡是如何いか走はし向こう"下か三さん路ろ"的てき？_洞ほら见". Phoenix Television (in Chinese). 31 January 2017.
  6. ^ "300年ねん不ふ管かん闲事，毗蓝婆ばば菩萨难怪收おさむ走はし蜈蚣むかで精しらげ，您看破碎はさい星ぼし是ぜ谁？_手て机つくえ搜さがせ狐きつね网". Sohu. 15 June 2019.
  7. ^ 陳ひね士し斌あきら. "第だい七なな十じゅう三さん回かい〈情じょう因いん舊きゅう恨生災わざわい毒どく 心こころ主しゅ遭魔幸こう破やぶ光ひかり〉". 《西遊せいゆう真ま詮かい》. Retrieved 2022-02-03.

Sources

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