Shu Xingbei

Shu Xingbei
束たば星ぼし北きた
Born	(1907-10-01)October 1, 1907 Jiangdu County, Jiangsu, Qing Empire
Died	October 30, 1983(1983-10-30) (aged 76) Qingdao, Shandong, China
Nationality	Chinese
Alma mater	Hangchow University (1924) Cheeloo University (1925) Baker University (1926) University of California, San Francisco (1927) University of Edinburgh (1928-1930) University of Cambridge (1930) Massachusetts Institute of Technology (1930-1931)
Spouse	Ge Chuhua (葛かずら楚すわえ華はな)
Children	Shu Yuexin (束たば越こし新しん) Shu Huxin (束たば滬新) Shu Xiaoxin (束たば孝こう新しん) Shu Qingxin (束たば慶けい新しん) Shu Yixin (束たば義ぎ新しん) Shu Runxin (束たば潤じゅん新しん) Shu Meixin (束たば美び新しん)
Parent(s)	Shu Rilu (束たば日び璐) Shu Sanniang (束たば三さん娘むすめ)
Scientific career
Fields	Quantum Mechanics, Relativity, Radar, meteorology
Institutions	Zhejiang University Qingdao Medical College State Oceanic Administration
Doctoral advisor	E. T. Whittaker Charles Galton Darwin Dirk Jan Struik
Notable students	Tsung-Dao Lee Cheng Kaijia Chien-Shiung Wu Xu Liangying Hu Jimin

In this Chinese name, the family name is Shu.

Shu Xingbei (Chinese: 束たば星ぼし北きた; pinyin: Shù Xīngběi; October 1, 1905 - October 30, 1983), also known as Hsin Pei Soh, was a Chinese physicist and educator.

Life

Early years

Shu was born on 1 October 1905, in Hanjiang, Jiangsu Province. In 1924, he entered Hangchow University (aka Zhijiang University 之これ江こう大学だいがく, now named Zhejiang University) in Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province and a year later transferred to the Department of Physics at Cheeloo University in Shandong Province.

Travel/study in USA & Europe

In 1926, Shu went to study physics in the United States, where he initially studied at Baker University in Baldwin City, Kansas, but later transferred to the University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). During this time, Shu was quite active in various social and political activities and communities, and it is said that he even once joined the Communist Party USA.

In July 1927, Shu left the US and travelled through Japan, Korea, Manchuria, Moscow, and Warsaw, eventually reaching Germany where he principally visited Berlin, Hannover and Hamburg. Shu then went to the UK, where, in October 1928 he enrolled in the University of Edinburgh to study mathematics and physics under E. T. Whittaker and Charles Galton Darwin, obtaining his MSc after one year. Finally, in February 1930 Shu went to the University of Cambridge, and worked under Arthur Stanley Eddington, who that August advised him to return to the US to the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).

Shu took this advice, becoming a teaching assistant at the MIT Department of Mathematics and obtaining a second MSc under Dirk Jan Struik.

At Zhejiang University

In September 1931, Shu returned to China, largely due to pressure from his mother to marry his fiancée, Ge Chuhua. Shu's first position was in physics at the Whampoa Military Academy but in September 1932, invited by the chair (Zhang Shaozhong 张绍忠ただし) of the Department of Physics of Zhejiang University, he began teaching there. In August 1935, Shu became chairperson of the Department of Mathematics of Jinan University, which was at that time located in Shanghai. Shu was also an adjunct lecturer at Jiaotong University. In April 1936, President Coching Chu of Zhejiang University invited him to return to that institution, where, in August 1936, Shu was promoted to the rank of associate professor, then in 1937, professor. At Zhejiang University, he collaborated closely with Kan-Chang Wang. During this period, some famous students of his include: Cheng Kaijia, Xu Liangying, Hu Jimin, and Zhou Zhicheng (周しゅう志こころざし成なり). Most notably, one of his students, Tsung-Dao Lee went on to win the 1957 Nobel Prize for Physics for his work on the violation of parity conservation in weak interactions; Lee (together with Chen-Ning Yang) was awarded the prize for the theory. Another student of his was Chien-Shiung Wu, who received recognition for the experimental verification of the parity violation. She received in 1978 the Wolf Prize in physics.

From 1949 to 1979

In 1952, Shu was transferred to the Department of Physics at Shandong University in Jinan, Shandong Province, then in 1954 to its Department of Oceanography.

In 1956, classified as a leader of anti-revolutionary forces, Shu was purged. In June 1958, during the Anti-Rightist Movement, Shu was denounced as an ultra-rightist and an anti-revolutionary. Under the program of "reform through labor" (laogai), he was sent to work on the construction of the Yuezikou Reservoir (月子げっし口くち水すい库) in Qingdao. In 1960, Shu was transferred to the Qingdao Medical College as a teacher, although he was also obliged to clean toilets in the college and to wash lab equipment.

On 11 September 1974, Shu partially regained his normal life. In 1978, Shu was transferred to the Chinese State Oceanic Administration where he became a professor and senior researcher for oceanic dynamics at its First Research Institute of Oceanography (第だい一いち海洋かいよう研究所けんきゅうじょ). In the 1970s, Shu did successful calculations for the Pacific Ocean test of the Dongfeng V intercontinental ballistic missile. In 1979, when the Oceanic Physics Branch (海洋かいよう物理ぶつり分会ぶんかい) of the Chinese Society of Oceanography (中国ちゅうごく海洋かいよう学会がっかい) was established in Guangzhou, Shu was elected its honorary director-general.

In December 1979, the Chinese government completely removed Shu's classification as a rightist and anti-revolutionary, restoring his reputation.

From 1979 to his death

In August 1981, Shu was elected honorary director-general of the Shandong Society of Physics (山やま东物理学りがく) and, in that same year, he was named honorary director of the Qingdao Society of Physics (青あお岛市物理ぶつり学会がっかい). Shu Xingbei died on 30 October 1985, at the age of 77.

Personal life

Shu Xingbei married Ge Chuhua (葛かずら楚すわえ華はな) in 1931. The couple had seven children: Shu Yuexin (束たば越こし新しん), Shu Huxin (束たば滬新), Shu Xiaoxin (束たば孝こう新しん), Shu Qingxin (束たば慶けい新しん), Shu Yixin (束たば義ぎ新しん), Shu Runxin (束たば潤じゅん新しん) and Shu Meixin (束たば美び新しん).

Selected publications

• Soh, Hsin P., A new law of planetary distances and orbital velocities, Popular Astronomy, Vol. 35, p. 327
• Soh, Hsin P. (Nov 1930), "The Non-Statical Solution of Einstein's Law of Gravitation in a Spatially Symmetrical Field", Phys. Rev., vol. 36, no. 9, p. 1515, Bibcode:1930PhRv...36.1515S, doi:10.1103/PhysRev.36.1515.
• Soh, Hsin P. (15 January 1933), "Theory of Gravitation and Electromagnetism", Chinese J. Physics (Acta Physica Sinica), vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 74–81.
• Hsin P. Soh; Theory of gravitation and electromagnetism, 1934, 国立こくりつ浙江せっこう大学だいがく科学かがく报告 (Science reports, University of Chekiang), 1(1):135-142
• Hsin Pei Soh; Relativity transformations connecting two systems in arbitrary acceleration. Nature, 1946, 58:99-100
• Hsin Pei Soh, Mu-Hsien Wang & Su-Chin Kiang; Relative Nature of Electromagnetic Radiation; Nature 157, 809-809 (15 June 1946) | doi:10.1038/157809a0.

Books

• Selected Academic Works of Shu Xingbei (《束たば星ぼし北きた学がく术论文ぶん选集》); Ocean Press; ISBN 978-7-5027-6890-4; 2007.
• Special Relativity (textbook) (《狭せま义相对论》); Qingdao Press; ISBN 7-5436-1383-2; 1995.

References

Memorial essays

• 许良英よしひで，《我わが所ところ了解りょうかい的てき束たば星ぼし北きた先生せんせい》，《科学かがく时报》，2005年ねん12月23日にち (Xu Liangying: Mr. Shu Xingbei as I Know; Chinese Science Bulletin; 23rd Dec, 2005)
• 李り政道まさみち，《怀念束たば星ぼし北きた先生せんせい》，《中国ちゅうごく海洋かいよう报》，2007年ねん9月がつ25日にち. (Tsung-Dao Lee: The Memorial of Shu Xingbei; China Ocean News; 25th Sep, 2007)
• 李り政道まさみち，《启蒙恩おん师束星ぼし北きた》，《中国ちゅうごく海洋かいよう报》，2007年ねん10月がつ12日にち. (Tsung-Dao Lee: (My) Enlightenment Mentor Shu Xingbei; China Ocean News; 12th Oct, 2007)
• 王おう淦あか昌あきら，《束たば星ぼし北きた的てき一生いっしょう是ぜ伟大的てき》，《中国ちゅうごく海洋かいよう报》，2007年ねん9月がつ25日にち. (Wang Ganchang: The Great Life of Shu Xingbei; China Ocean News; 25th Sep, 2007)
• 程ほど开甲，《真理しんり面前めんぜん百ひゃく折おり不ふ曲きょく》，《中国ちゅうごく海洋かいよう报》，2007年ねん9月がつ25日にち. (Cheng Kaijia: Never Bend-over Facing Truth; China Ocean News; 25th Sep, 2007)

External links

• 100 Anniversary Commemoration Celebration of Shu Xingbei Held Yesterday (in English, 2007-09-29)
• Shu Xingbei's Former Residence (in English, Sina.com)