Examine individual changes

'{{Infobox company | name = Renault Agriculture S.A.S. | logo = Logo of Renault Agriculture.jpg | logo_caption = | image = | image_caption = | trading_name = <!-- d/b/a/, doing business as - if different from legal name above --> | native_name = <!-- Company's name in home country language --> | native_name_lang = <!-- Use ISO 639-1 code, e.g. "fr" for French. If there is more than one native name, in different languages, enter those names using {{tl|lang}}, instead. --> | romanized_name = | former_name = | former type = | type = [[Subsidiary]] | traded_as = | industry = [[Agricultural machinery]] | genre = <!-- Only used with media and publishing companies --> | fate = | predecessor = | successor = Class Tractor S.A.S.<br>Auto Châssis International SNC | foundation = 11 November 1918<ref name=AI>{{cite journal |date=15 May 1919 |last=Bradley |first=W. F. |title=French tractor design shows lack of uniformity |volume=40 |issue=20 |journal=Automotive industries, the automobile |page=1047 |location=New York |publisher=Class Journal Co. |oclc=5276931 |issn=0005-1527}}</ref> | founder = [[Louis Renault (industrialist)|Louis Renault]] | defunct = 2008 | location_city = [[Le Mans]] | location_country = France | locations = <!-- Number of locations, stores, offices, etc. --> | area_served = | key_people = | products = | production = | services = | revenue = | operating_income = | net_income = | aum = | assets = | equity = | owner = | num_employees = | parent = [[Renault]] | divisions = | subsid = | homepage = | footnotes = | intl = | bodystyle = }} '''Renault Agriculture S.A.S.''' ({{IPA-fr|ʁəno aɡʁikyltyʁ(ə)}}) was the agricultural machinery division of the French car manufacturer Renault established in 1918 and sold in 2008 to [[Claas]]. ==History== [[Image:Renault Ares 735RZ.jpg|left|thumb|An Arès, one of the last models of Renault Agriculture.]] After the end of [[World War I]], the Renault company used its experience in armored tanks to devise agricultural vehicles.<ref>{{cite journal |date=30 April 1919 |title=Renault. Les tracteurs agricoles Renault |trans_title=Renault. The agricultural tractors of Renault |url=http://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k6244610g |language=French |volume=3 |issue=47 |journal=Automobilia |location=Paris |publisher= |accessdate= |page=32 |issn=1149-2333}}</ref> The Renault's Department 14 (responsible for the [[Renault FT|FT]] tank) developed the first [[tractor]] of the company,<ref name=RGP>{{cite web |url=http://www.atr-agri.com/renault_histo1_gb.asp |title=1918–1944 |publisher=Amicale du Tracteur Renault |accessdate=16 June 2014 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20140618190824/http://www.atr-agri.com/renault_histo1_gb.asp |archivedate=18 June 2014 |deadurl=no}}</ref> the Type GP, which was powered by an engine similar to that of the FT (a four-cylinder) and had [[Continuous track|tracks]].<ref name=AI/><ref>{{cite book |last=Williams |first=Michael |title=Farm tractors in color |year=1974 |publisher=[[Macmillan Publishers]] |isbn=0-026-29300-5 |page=31 |location=New York}}</ref> The most outstanding differences of the new tractor with the FT was the [[front-engine design]] and the reduced weight.<ref name=AI/> The tractors were assembled in Renault's Billancourt factory since 11 November 1918 at the same production lines that the tanks<ref name=AI/> and tested at Louis Renault's farm in [[Herqueville, Manche|Herqueville]].<ref name=RGP/> The Type HO introduced in 1921 replaced the tracks by more conventional wheels.<ref name=RGP/><ref>{{cite journal |date=30 June 1921 |last=Bradley |first=W. F. |title=Renault now producing wheel type tractor |volume=44 |issue=26 |journal=Automotive industries, the automobile |page=1417 |location=New York |publisher=Class Journal Co. |oclc=5276931 |issn=0005-1527}}</ref> In 1922 Renault introduced the Type PE which was extensively revised compared to its predecessors, incorporating a new engine with reduced consumes and a vertical radiator. In 1931, with the PE1, the radiator was moved from a middle position to the front. The company also started to develop versions for specific markets, as vineyards.<ref name=CBTT>{{cite book |last1=Carroll |first1=John |last2=Davies |first2=Peter James |title=Complete Book Tractors and Trucks |year=2007 |publisher=Hermes House |isbn=1-843-09689-7 |page=232}}</ref> With the aim of reducing the fuel costs, it introduced its first diesel-engined model, the Type VI, in 1932.<ref name=RGP/> In 1920 Renault founded the Le Mans engineering centre.<ref name=LMP>{{cite web |url=http://www.renault.com/en/groupe/renault-dans-le-monde/nos-implantations/pages/usine-le-mans.aspx |title=Le Mans plant |publisher=Renault |accessdate=10 June 2014 |archiveurl=http://archive.today/VOWNU#selection-1005.8-1005.85 |archivedate=18 June 2014 |deadurl=yes}}</ref> Shortly after plans to move the agricultural machinery production to the new site were revealed.<ref name=RGP/> However, the new factory was inaugurated in 1940<ref>{{cite journal |url=http://www.persee.fr/web/revues/home/prescript/article/noroi_0029-182x_1961_num_32_1_1361 |date=1961 |last=Dufour |first=Jeanne |title=L'influence de l'usine Renault du Mans sur la vie rurale du département de la Sarthe |trans_title=The influence of Renault's Le Mans plant on rural life in the department of la Sarthe |language=French |issue=32 |journal=Norois |page=452 |publisher=Presses universitaires de Rennes |issn=0029-182X |doi=10.3406/noroi.1961.1361 |archiveurl=http://www.persee.fr/articleAsPDF/noroi_0029-182x_1961_num_32_1_1361/article_noroi_0029-182x_1961_num_32_1_1361.pdf |archivedate=3 August 2014 |deadurl=no}}</ref> and the production was stopped because of [[World War II]]. Following the war and nationalisation, the Le Mans plant resumed production. The location was divided into a foundry section, a mechanical parts section<ref name=RT>{{cite book |last=Rosier |first=Michel |title=Vie politique et sociale de la Sarthe sous la IVe République |year=2012 |publisher=Editions L'Harmattan |isbn=978-2-296-96848-6 |page=454}}</ref> (supplying the factories of Flins and Billancourt),<ref name=WP>{{cite book |last=Sabel |first=Charles F. |title=Work and Politics: The Division of Labor in Industry |chapter=The division of labor at Renault |year=1982 |publisher=[[Cambridge University Press]] |isbn=0-521-31909-9|page=72}}</ref> a painting section and a tractor manufacturing section.<ref name=RT/> At the time, Le Mans was the third largest Renault's operation in France after Billancourt and Cléon.<ref name=WP/> The following years saw the arrive of the D, N, R and Super model series. In 1956, Renault Agriculture standarised the orange colour for its models.<ref name=PR>{{cite web |url=http://www.planeterenault.com/15-histoire/1605-agriculture-rva/1123-renault-agriculture/ |title=Renault Agriculture |publisher=PlaneteRenault.com |accessdate=16 June 2014}}</ref> By the next decade, the tractor division of Renault begun a series of partnerships with other manufacturers. Apart from its own engines, Renault used [[MWM GmbH|MWM]]<ref>{{cite journal |date=1966 |volume=92 |issue=1 |journal=Farm Implement and Machinery Review |page=321 |publisher=Morgan-Grampian}}</ref> and [[Perkins Engines|Perkins]]<ref name=AFT>{{cite book |last1=Peterson |first1=Chester |last2=Beemer |first2=Rod |title=American Farm Tractors: Of The 1960s |year=2004 |publisher=Voyageur Press |isbn=0-7603-1936-7|page=85}}</ref> units. In the 1960s, it produced the One-Sixty Diesel for [[Allis-Chalmers]].<ref name=AFT/> In 1972, Renault associated with [[Carraro Agritalia|Carraro]] and sold some models of that company with the Renault badge.<ref>{{cite journal |date=1976 |issue=1 |journal=Multinational Business |page=93 |location=New York |publisher=Economist Intelligence Unit}}</ref> During the 1970s and 1980s, it also sold models from [[Mitsubishi]].<ref>{{cite journal |date=1984 |volume=38 |journal=AMJ, Agricultural Machinery Journal |page=90 |publisher=Agricultural Press |issn=0002-1539}}</ref> At the 1981 SIMA exhibition Renault Agriculture unveiled the TX range, with comfort elements designed in collaboration with the Renault's car division.<ref>{{cite book |last=Gouet |first=Jacques |title=Encyclopédie du Tracteur Renault: Depuis 1971 |trans_title=Renault Tractor Encyclopedia: Since 1971 |language=French |year=2003 |publisher=Editions Techniques pour l'Automobile et l'Industrie |isbn=978-2-72689359-3}}</ref> The last Renault tractors had ancient gods' names.<ref name=PR/> In 2000, Renault Agriculture purchased a stake in the Indian manufacturer International Tractors (the owner of the Sonalika marque), forming a Sonalika-Renault joint venture.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/fe/daily/20000720/fco20052.html |title=Renault ties up with International Tractors |author=Mukherjee, Rupali |work=expressindia.indianexpress.com |publisher=[[Indian Express]] |date=20 July 2000 |accessdate=20 June 2014}}</ref> In 2003, Renault sold a 51% majority stake in Renault Agriculture's tractor manufacturing plant to Claas. In 2006, Claas increased its ownership to 80% and in 2008 took full control and renamed it Claas Tractor.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.fwi.co.uk/articles/01/07/2008/111018/renaults-le-mans-tractor-plant-falls-under-100-claas.htm |title=Renault’s Le Mans tractor plant falls under 100% Claas control |author=Fone, Nick |work=fwi.co.uk |publisher=[[Farmers Weekly]] |date=1 July 2008 |accessdate=20 April 2013 |archiveurl=https://web.archive.org/web/20131203014440/http://www.fwi.co.uk/articles/01/07/2008/111018/renaults-le-mans-tractor-plant-falls-under-100-claas.htm |archivedate=3 December 2013 |deadurl=no}}</ref> ==Renault Agriculture's successors== ===Claas Tractor=== Claas Tractor S.A.S. is a subsidiary of the Claas group and its main tractor manufacturing operation since 2003. Most of the company's models are manufactured within the facility.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.claas-group.com/the-group/locations/europe/frankreich/le_mans |title=France. Le Mans |publisher=Claas |accessdate=17 June 2014}}</ref> ===ACI Renault=== {{Infobox factory |name = Auto Châssis International SNC (Le Mans Renault Factory) |image= |caption= |built= {{Start date|1920}} |location= |coordinate= {{Coord|47.9811369|0.1832667|type:landmark|display=inline}} |industry= |products= |employees= |architect= |style= |area= 69 hectares |volume= |address= Auto Châssis International, 15 avenue Pierre Piffault, 72086 Le Mans, France |defunct= <!-- {{End date|YYYY|MM|DD}} --> }} In 1999, Renault created the subsidiary Auto Châssis International SNC to manage the foundry and parts area of Le Mans. ACI has worldwide operations and supplies the [[Renault-Nissan Alliance]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.autonews.com/article/20030908/SUB/309080816/renault-nissan-alliance-challenged-chassis-supplier |title=Renault-Nissan alliance challenged chassis supplier |author=Graham, Alex |work=autonews.com |publisher=[[Automotive News]] |date=8 September 2003 |accessdate=16 June 2014}}</ref> Production is organised in three departments. The site also has an engineering centre.<ref name=LMP/> {{-}} ==References== {{Reflist}} {{commons category|Renault tractors}} {{Renault France assembly}} [[Category:Renault]] [[Category:Companies established in 1918]] [[Category:Tractor manufacturers of France]] [[Category:Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of France]]'