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Sun Yi

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For the actress, see Sun Yi (actress).
Sun Yi
孫まご翊
Administrator of Danyang
(丹に楊太守たいしゅ)
(under Sun Quan)
In office
204
MonarchEmperor Xian of Han
Preceded byWu Jing
Personal details
Born184
Died204 (aged 20)
SpouseLady Xu
ChildrenSun Song
Parents
RelativesSee Eastern Wu family trees
OccupationGeneral, politician
Courtesy nameShubi (叔弼)
Other nameSun Yan (孫まご儼げん)[1]
In this Chinese name, the family name is Sun.

Sun Yi (184–204), courtesy name Shubi, was Chinese military general and politician who was a younger brother of Sun Quan, the founding emperor of the state of Eastern Wu in the Three Kingdoms period of China.[2] He was the husband of Lady Xu

Life

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Sun Yi was the third son of the warlord Sun Jian and his wife Lady Wu; he had a younger full brother, Sun Kuang.[3] He was known for his martial valour and fiery personality, which made him resemble his eldest brother Sun Ce. He was nominated as a xiaolian (civil service candidate) by Zhu Zhi and served in the office of the Minister of Works.[4] After Sun Jian was killed in action at the Battle of Xiangyang in 191, Sun Ce succeeded him and took over command of his troops. Between 194 and 199, Sun Ce launched a series of conquests in the Jiangdong region and established his power base there. In 200 CE, when Sun Ce was mortally wounded during a hunting expedition, his adviser Zhang Zhao and other subjects believed that he would designate Sun Yi as his successor, but Sun Ce chose his second brother Sun Quan instead.[1]

In 202, Sun Quan killed Sheng Xian, the Administrator (太守たいしゅ) of Wu Commandery. Some of Sheng Xian's associates and protégés went into hiding in the mountainous areas of Jiangdong. In the following year, Wu Jing, the maternal uncle of Sun Quan and his brothers, died in office while serving as the Administrator of Danyang Commandery (丹に楊郡). Sun Yi, who was 19 years old then and held the rank of a Lieutenant-General (偏へん將軍しょうぐん), was appointed as the new Administrator of Danyang.[5] Danyang was adjacent to Wu Commandery, so Sun Yi reached out to some of the disgruntled followers of Sheng Xian, enticing them to Danyang and offering them positions in the Danyang administration in order to stabilise the region. Two of these men, Gui Lan (媯覽) and Dai Yuan (戴員) came to work for Sun Yi. Dai Yuan was appointed as a Civil Assistant (郡こおり丞すすむ) while Gui Lan was given a high military command with the slightly irregular title "Grand Chief Controller" (大だい都と督とく).[6][7]

Gui Lan and Dai Yuan were still dissatisfied and they harboured the intention of rebelling. They forged close ties with Bian Hong (邊あたり鴻おおとり, also rendered 邊べ洪ひろし), an aide of Sun Yi. Once, when Sun Quan was away on a campaign, they took advantage of the situation to set their plans into motion. At the time, the various chiefs of the counties in Danyang were scheduled to meet Sun Yi in the commandery capital. Before the meeting, Sun Yi asked his wife, Lady Xu (徐じょ氏し), who was versed in divination, to predict the events of the meeting. Lady Xu predicted ill luck and advised her husband to postpone the meeting, but Sun Yi wanted to settle the meeting quickly because the Chiefs had been waiting for some time since they arrived, so he hosted a banquet for them. Sun Yi often carried a sword with him when he travelled around, but he became tipsy after the feast so he was unarmed when he saw the guests off. Just then, Bian Hong attacked him from behind. The scene was thrown into disarray and no one came to Sun Yi's rescue so Sun died at the hands of Bian Hong. Bian Hong escaped to the hills after murdering Sun Yi, but was later killed by Gui Lan and Dai Yuan.[8][9]

Post-mortem events

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After Sun Yi's death, Sun He (孫まご河かわ), a relative of Sun Quan's family, came to Wanling County (宛あて陵りょう縣けん; present-day Xuancheng, Anhui), the capital of Danyang Commandery, to restore order. He blamed Gui Lan and Dai Yuan for Sun Yi's murder but was unable to exert control over the military forces in the commandery. Gui Lan and Dai Yuan became worried because Sun He, who had no blood relations with Sun Yi, was already so upset over Sun Yi's death. They believed that they would be in deeper trouble if Sun Quan (Sun Yi's brother) personally came to Danyang to pursue the matter, so they murdered Sun He as well. They then sent a messenger to Liu Fu, the Inspector (刺史しし) of Yang Province, and expressed their willingness to defect to Liu's side.[10]

The other officers in Danyang were well aware that Gui Lan and Dai Yuan were the masterminds behind Sun Yi's murder but were unable to take action against the two men because their powers were limited. Gui Lan took over Sun Yi's residence and seized Sun's concubines and servants for himself. When he wanted to take Lady Xu (Sun Yi's widow), she declined, said that it was too soon after her husband's death to remarry, and told him to wait for a month. During the intervening period, Lady Xu secretly contacted Sun Gao (孫まご高だか), Fu Ying (傅でん嬰) and other former subordinates of Sun Yi, informed them of the circumstances, and plotted with them to avenge her husband. On the appointed day, Lady Xu changed out of her mourning garments and invited Gui Lan to her personal quarters, where Sun Gao and Fu Ying, in disguise as maids, ambushed and killed Gui Lan while the others slew Dai Yuan.[11][12][13] Gui Lan and Dai Yuan's heads were cut off and offered as propitiation at Sun Yi's altar. This incident shocked everyone in Danyang. Shortly thereafter, Sun Quan came to Danyang to reward those who remained loyal to Sun Yi and punish those who conspired with Gui Lan and Dai Yuan.[14]

Family and descendants

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See also: Eastern Wu family trees § Sun Yi

Sun Yi's son, Sun Song (孫まご松まつ), served as a Colonel of Trainee Archers (射い聲ごえ校こう尉じょう) and was made a Marquis of a Chief District (都と鄉きょう侯こう).[15] Sun Song was known for being a gregarious and generous person and was the closest to Sun Quan among all of Sun Quan's younger male relatives. When Sun Song was stationed in Baqiu (巴ともえ丘たかし), he was often reprimanded by Lu Xun, a senior Wu general and minister, for not maintaining good discipline in his unit and allowing his men to fool around. On one occasion, Lu Xun punished Sun Song's subordinates by ordering their heads to be shaved.[16][17] Sun Song died in 231.[18]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b (典てん略りゃく曰：翊名儼げん，性せい似に策さく。策さく臨卒，張ちょう昭あきら等とう謂いい策さく當とう以兵屬ぞく儼げん，而策呼よび權けん，佩以印綬いんじゅ。) Dianlue annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 51.
  2. ^ de Crespigny (2007), p. 778.
  3. ^ It is unknown if Sun Yi was older or younger than his sister Lady Sun.
  4. ^ (孫まご翊字叔弼，權けん弟おとうと也，驍悍果はて烈れつ，有ゆう兄あに策さく風ふう。太守たいしゅ朱しゅ治おさむ舉孝廉れん，司つかさ空そら辟。) Sanguozhi vol. 51.
  5. ^ Generals of the South, p. 229 (chapter 4 Archived 2011-08-27 at the Wayback Machine)
  6. ^ Generals of the South, p. 229 note 34
  7. ^ (初はつ，孫まご權けん殺ころせ吳くれ郡ぐん太守たいしゅ盛もり憲けん，憲けん故こ孝こう廉れん媯覽、戴員亡ほろび匿山中ちゅう，孫まご翊為丹に楊，皆みな禮れい致之。覽らん為ため大だい都と督とく督とく兵へい，員いん為ため郡こおり丞すすむ。) Sanguozhi vol. 51.
  8. ^ (建けん安やす八はち年ねん，以偏將軍しょうぐん領りょう丹に楊太守たいしゅ，時じ年ねん二に十じゅう。後年こうねん為ため左右さゆう邊べ鴻おおとり所しょ殺ころせ，鴻おおとり亦また即そく誅。) Sanguozhi vol. 51.
  9. ^ (吳くれ歷れき曰：媯覽、戴員親近しんきん邊べ洪ひろし等とう，數すう為ため翊所困こま，常つね欲よく叛逆はんぎゃく，因よし吳ご主しゅ出征しゅっせい，遂とげ其姧計けい。時とき諸しょ縣令けんれい長ちょう並なみ會見かいけん翊，翊以妻つま徐じょ氏し頗曉卜ぼく，翊入語ご徐じょ：「吾われ明日あした欲よく為ため長ちょう吏作主人しゅじん，卿きょう試ためし卜ぼく之の。」徐じょ言げん：「卦け不能ふのう佳けい，可か須異日び。」翊以長ちょう吏來久ひさし，宜むべ速はや遣や，乃大請賔客きゃく。翊出入でいり常つね持じ刀がたな，爾なんじ時じ有ゆう酒色しゅしょく，空手からて送おく客きゃく，洪ひろし從したがえ後ご斫翊，郡中ぐんちゅう擾亂じょうらん，無む救すくい翊者，遂とげ為ため洪ひろし所しょ殺ころせ，迸ほとばし走入はしり山さん。徐じょ氏し購募追おい捕と，中宿なかしゅく乃得，覽らん、員いん歸き罪ざい殺ころせ洪ひろし。) Wu Li annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 51.
  10. ^ (及翊遇ぐう害がい，河かわ馳はせ赴宛陵りょう，責せめ怒いか覽らん、員いん，以不能ふのう全權ぜんけん，令れい使つかい姧變得とく施ほどこせ。二人ふたり議ぎ曰：「伯海はっかい與あずか將軍しょうぐん踈遠，而責我わが乃耳。討虜若わか來き，吾われ屬ぞく無な遺のこ矣。」遂とげ殺ころせ河かわ，使つかい人じん北きた迎むかい揚よう州しゅう刺史しし劉りゅう馥，令れい住じゅう歷れき陽ひ，以丹楊應之の。) Sanguozhi vol. 51.
  11. ^ Generals of the South, pp. 230–231 (chapter 4 Archived 2011-08-27 at the Wayback Machine)
  12. ^ (會かい翊帳下か徐じょ元はじめ、孫まご高だか、傅でん嬰等殺ころせ覽らん、員いん。) Sanguozhi vol. 51.
  13. ^ (吳くれ歷れき載の翊妻徐じょ節たかし行ぎょう，宜むべ與あずか媯覽等とう事相じそう次じ，故こ列れつ於後孫まご韶傳中ちゅう。) Pei Songzhi's annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 51.
  14. ^ (諸しょ將しょう皆みな知ち覽らん、員いん所為しょい，而力不能ふのう討。覽らん入居にゅうきょ軍ぐん府中ふちゅう，悉取翊嬪妾わらわ及左右さゆう侍さむらい御ご，欲よく復ふく取と徐じょ。恐おそれ逆ぎゃく之の見み害がい，乃紿之の曰：「乞須晦日みそか設しつらえ祭さい除服じょふく。」時じ月がつ垂たれ竟，覽らん聽須祭さい畢。徐じょ潛せん使つかい所しょ親おや信しん語ご翊親近しんきん舊きゅう將しょう孫まご高だか、傅でん嬰等，說せつ：「覽らん已やめ虜とりこ略りゃく婢妾，今いま又また欲よく見み偪，所以ゆえん外がい許もと之これ者しゃ，欲よく安やす其意以免禍か耳みみ。欲よく立りつ微ほろ計けい，願ねがい二に君くん哀あい救すくい。」高だか、嬰涕泣ていきゅう荅言：「受府君恩くんおん遇ぐう，所以ゆえん不ふ即死そくし難なん者しゃ，以死無益むえき，欲よく思惟しい事ごと計けい，事こと計けい未み立だて，未み敢啟夫人ふじん耳みみ。今日きょう之の事こと，實じつ夙夜所懷しょかい也。」乃密呼よび翊時侍さむらい養やしなえ者しゃ二に十じゅう餘人よにん，以徐意い語ご之の，共きょう盟めい誓ちかい，合ごう謀はかりごと。到いた晦日みそか，設しつらえ祭さい，徐じょ氏し哭泣盡つき哀あい畢，乃除服じょふく，薰香くんこう沐浴もくよく，更さら於他室しつ，安やす施ほどこせ幃帳，言笑げんしょう歡恱，示しめせ無む戚容。大小だいしょう悽愴せいそう，怪かい其如此。覽らん密みつ覘視，無む復ふく疑うたぐ意い。徐じょ呼よび高だか、嬰與諸しょ婢羅住戶じゅうこ內，使つかい人じん報ほう覽らん，說せつ已やめ除じょ凶きょう即そく吉きち，惟おもんみ府ふ君くん勑命。覽らん盛もり意い入いれ，徐じょ出戶でと拜はい。覽らん適てき得とく一いち拜はい，徐じょ便びん大呼たいこ：「二に君くん可か起おこり！」高だか、嬰俱出で，共きょう得とく殺ころせ覽らん，餘人よにん即そく就外殺ころせ員いん。夫人ふじん乃還縗絰，奉たてまつ覽らん、員いん首くび以祭翊墓。舉軍震駭しんがい，以為神しん異こと。吳ご主しゅ續ぞく至いたり，悉族誅覽、員いん餘あまり黨とう，擢高、嬰為牙きば門もん，其餘皆みな加か賜金しきん帛，殊こと其門戶もんこ。) Wu Li annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 51.
  15. ^ (子こ松まつ為ため射しゃ聲ごえ校こう尉じょう、都と鄉きょう侯こう。) Sanguozhi vol. 51.
  16. ^ (射い聲ごえ校こう尉じょう松まつ於公子中こなか最さい親おや，戲おどけ兵へい不整ふせい，遜へりくだ對たい之の髠其職しょく吏。) Sanguozhi vol. 58.
  17. ^ (吳くれ錄ろく曰：松まつ善よし與あずか人ひと交，輕けい財ざい好こう施ほどこせ。鎮巴丘おか，數すう咨陸遜へりくだ以得失とくしつ。嘗有小しょう過か，遜へりくだ面責めんせき松まつ，松まつ意い色しょく不平ふへい，遜へりくだ觀かん其少釋しゃく，謂いい曰：「君きみ過か聽不以其鄙ひなび，數かず見み訪おとずれ及，是ぜ以承來意らいい進しん盡つき言げん，便びん變色へんしょく，何なに也？」松まつ笑えみ曰：「屬ぞく亦また自じ忿行事ぎょうじ有ゆう此，豈あに有望ゆうぼう邪よこしま！」) Wu Lu annotation in Sanguozhi vol. 51.
  18. ^ (黃き龍りゅう三さん年ねん卒そつ。蜀しょく丞相じょうしょう諸しょ葛かずら亮あきら與あずか兄あに瑾書曰：「旣すんで受東朝あさ厚遇こうぐう，依よ依よ於子弟してい。又また子こ喬たかし良りょう器き，為之ためゆき惻愴。見み其所與しょよ亮あきら器物きぶつ，感かん用よう流涕りゅうてい。」其悼松まつ如此，由ゆかり亮あきら養子ようし喬たかし咨述故こ云うん。) Sanguozhi vol. 51.
  • Chen, Shou (3rd century). Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi).
  • de Crespigny, Rafe (2007). A Biographical Dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms 23-220 AD. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9789004156050.
  • de Crespigny, Rafe (2004) [1990]. Generals of the South (internet ed.). Canberra: Faculty of Asian Studies, Australian National University. Archived from the original on 2007-06-07.
  • Pei, Songzhi (5th century). Annotations to Records of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguozhi zhu).
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