Temperateness (virology)
In virology, temperate refers to the ability of some bacteriophages (notably coliphage
Induction of the lytic cycle
[edit]At some point, temperate bacteriophages switch from the lysogenic life cycle to the lytic life cycle. This conversion may happen spontaneously, although at very low frequencies (
Lysogenic and lytic cycles
[edit]Temperate phages can switch between a lytic and lysogenic life cycle. Lytic is more drastic, killing the host whereas lysogenic impacts host cells genetically or physiologically.[4][5][6] Here is a chart on temperate phages that are lytic and lysogenic and how they're related. Lysogeny is characterized by the integration of the phage genome in the host genome.
Host | Temperate Phages |
---|---|
Escherichia coli | E. coli prophage, SUSP1, SUSP2 |
Salmonella | Fels-2, Enterobacteriaceae |
Vibrio cholerae | CTX𝜑 |
Staphylococcus aureus | Staphylococcal phages |
Clostridium perfringens | Clostridium phage
phiMMP01, vbCpeS-CP51, Staphylococcus phage |
Notes
[edit]- ^ Barksdale L, Arden SB (1974). "Persisting bacteriophage infections, lysogeny, and phage conversions". Annual Review of Microbiology. 28: 265–99. doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.28.100174.001405. PMID 4215366.
- ^ Czyz A, Los M, Wrobel B, Wegrzyn G (2001). "Inhibition of spontaneous induction of lambdoid prophages in Escherichia coli cultures: simple procedures with possible biotechnological applications". BMC Biotechnology. 1 (1): 1. doi:10.1186/1472-6750-1-1. PMC 32160. PMID 11316465.
- ^ Howard-Varona C, Hargreaves KR, Abedon ST, Sullivan MB (July 2017). "Lysogeny in nature: mechanisms, impact and ecology of temperate phages". The ISME Journal. 11 (7): 1511–1520. Bibcode:2017ISMEJ..11.1511H. doi:10.1038/ismej.2017.16. PMC 5520141. PMID 28291233.
- ^ Howard-Varona C, Hargreaves KR, Abedon ST, Sullivan MB (July 2017). "Lysogeny in nature: mechanisms, impact and ecology of temperate phages". The ISME Journal. 11 (7): 1511–1520. Bibcode:2017ISMEJ..11.1511H. doi:10.1038/ismej.2017.16. ISSN 1751-7362. PMC 5520141. PMID 28291233.
- ^ Cieślik M, Bagińska N, Jończyk-Matysiak E, Węgrzyn A, Węgrzyn G, Górski A (2021-05-28). "Temperate Bacteriophages—The Powerful Indirect Modulators of Eukaryotic Cells and Immune Functions". Viruses. 13 (6): 1013. doi:10.3390/v13061013. ISSN 1999-4915. PMC 8228536. PMID 34071422.
- ^ Gummalla VS, Zhang Y, Liao YT, Wu VC (2023-02-21). "The Role of Temperate Phages in Bacterial Pathogenicity". Microorganisms. 11 (3): 541. doi:10.3390/microorganisms11030541. ISSN 2076-2607. PMC 10052878. PMID 36985115.