Type 094 submarine
Profile of the Type 094
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Type 094 submarine
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Class overview | |
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Name | Type 094 (Jin class) |
Builders | Bohai Shipyard, Huludao, China[2] |
Operators | People's Liberation Army Navy |
Preceded by | Type 092 (Xia class) |
Succeeded by | Type 096 |
Cost | $750 million per unit[1] |
In commission | 2007–present[2] |
Planned | 8 (projected)[6] |
Completed | 6[3] |
Active | 6[4][5] |
General characteristics | |
Type | Ballistic missile submarine |
Displacement | 11,000 tons submerged.[7] |
Length | 137 m (449 ft 6 in)<[2] |
Beam | 11.8 m (38 ft 9 in)[2] |
Propulsion | Nuclear, 1 shaft[2] |
Range | Unlimited |
Complement | 140[2] |
Armament | Missiles: 12 JL-2 or JL-3 SLBM |
The Type 094 (simplified Chinese: 09-IV
Description[edit]
The Type 094's chief designer was Zhang Jinlin.[8] It is likely based on the Type 093 nuclear-powered attack submarine.[2]
A Type 094 was photographed by commercial satellites in late-2006 at the Xiaopingdao Submarine Base.[9] The first commissioned in 2007[2] and six were in commission in 2020.[4] They began nuclear deterrence patrols in December 2015.[10]
The Type 094 is China's "first credible sea-based nuclear deterrent" according to the United States Department of Defense.[11][12] They were initially armed with 12 JL-2 SLBMs;[2] each missile had one warhead[13] and a 7,200 km (4,500 mi) range capable of reaching parts of Alaska launched from near China. By late 2022, they were rearmed with JL-3 SLBMs able to reach the continental United States from the South China Sea; ranges of over 10,000 km (6,200 mi) have been reported.[14]
The Type 094A is a variant with a modified and improved sail. The sail appears to incorporate features from one installed on a modified Type 093.[15]
Noise[edit]
The Type 094 is noisier than contemporary submarines. In 2004,[16] a Chinese researcher reported that the Type 094 had an acoustic signature of 120 decibels, comparable to the Los Angeles-class submarine.[17] In 2009, the Office of Naval Intelligence of the United States Navy listed the Type 094 as noisier than Soviet/Russian SSBNs from the late-1970s.[18][19] In 2015, Australian researchers Brendan Thomas-Noone and Rorey Medcalf noted that noisiness and the range of the JL-2 limited the submarine's effectiveness in attacks on the contiguous United States, but not on India.[19]
Boats[edit]
Name | Hull no. | Builder | Laid down | Launched | Commissioned | Status |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Type 094 | ||||||
Changzheng 11 | 411 [2] | Bohai Shipyard, Huludao[2] | 2001 [2] | 28 July 2004 [2] | March 2007 [2] | Active |
Changzheng 12[20] | 412 [2] | 2003 [2] | 2006 [2] | 2010 [2] | Active | |
Changzheng 13 [20] | 413 [2] | 2004 [2] | December 2009 [2] | 2012 [2] | Active | |
Changzheng 14 [21] | 414 [22] | 2006 [23] | 2011 [23] | 2015 [23] | Active | |
Type 094A | ||||||
Changzheng 20 | 420 | Bohai Shipyard, Huludao[23] | 2017 [23] | April 2020 [23] | Active | |
Changzheng 21 | 421 | 23 April 2021[5] | Active |
Gallery[edit]
See also[edit]
References[edit]
Notes[edit]
- ^ Till, G. (Ed.), Chan, J. (Ed.). (2014). Naval Modernisation in South-East Asia. London: Routledge. Page 23 Archived 4 August 2018 at the Wayback Machine.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v Saunders, Stephen (2015). IHS Jane's Fighting Ships 2015-2016. p. 128. ISBN 978-0-7106-3143-5.
- ^ United States Department of Defense (May 2019). Annual Report To Congress: Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China 2019 (PDF) (Report). p. 36. Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- ^ a b O'Rourke, Ronald (21 May 2020). China Naval Modernization: Implications for U.S. Navy Capabilities—Background and Issues for Congress (Report). Congressional Research Service. p. 8. Retrieved 10 June 2020.
- ^ a b "China Now Has Six Type 094A Jin-Class Nuclear Powered Missile Submarines". 6 May 2020.
- ^ Fisher, Richard D Jr. (19 April 2015). "US upgrades assessment of China's Type 094 SSBN fleet". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 11 August 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
- ^ LaGrone, Sam; Majumdar, Dave (9 June 2014). "Chinese Weapons That Worry the Pentagon". usni.org. Archived from the original on 26 June 2018. Retrieved 29 November 2017.
- ^
周 劼 (Zhou, Jie) (9 January 2023). "张金麟院士 在 汉逝世 ,花 甲之 年 挑起核 潜 艇 研 制 工作 重 担" [Zhang Jinlin passed away in Wuhan, ......]. news.cjn.cn (in Chinese). Wuhan, China: Yangtze Daily. Retrieved 14 January 2023. - ^ Kristensen, Hans M. (4 October 2007). "Two More Chinese SSBNs Spotted". fas.org. Federation of American Scientists. Archived from the original on 22 April 2015. Retrieved 21 April 2015.
- ^ Fisher, Richard D. Jr. (16 December 2015). "China advances sea- and land-based nuclear deterrent capabilities". Jane's Defence Weekly. 53 (6). Surrey, UK: Jane's Information Group. ISSN 0265-3818.
- ^ Funaiole, Matthew P.; Bermudez Jr., Joseph S.; Hart, Brian (4 August 2021). "A Glimpse of Chinese Ballistic Missile Submarines". Center for Strategic International Studies.
- ^ "2020 Military and Security Developments Involving the People's Republic of China: Annual Report to Congress" (PDF). United States Department of Defense. 2020.
- ^ United States National Air and Space Intelligence Center (June 2017). Ballistic and Cruise Missile Threat (PDF) (Report). NASIC-1031-0985-17. Archived (PDF) from the original on 14 May 2019. Retrieved 12 May 2019.
- ^ Capaccio, Anthony (18 November 2022). "China Has Put Longer-Range ICBMs on Its Nuclear Subs, US Says". Bloomberg. Retrieved 19 November 2022.
- ^ Fisher, Richard D Jr. (15 July 2016). "Images show possible new variant of China's Type 094 SSBN". IHS Jane's 360. Archived from the original on 23 November 2016. Retrieved 22 November 2016.
- ^ Erickson & Goldstein 2007, p. 19.
- ^ Erickson & Goldstein 2007, p. 14.
- ^ Office of Naval Intelligence (August 2009). The People's Liberation Army Navy, A Modern Navy with Chinese Characteristics (PDF) (Report). p. 22 (pp25 of PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on 9 September 2014. Retrieved 24 January 2015.
- ^ a b Thomas-Noone, Brendan; Medcalf, Rory (September 2015). Nuclear-armed submarines in Indo-Pacific Asia: Stabiliser or menace? (PDF) (Report). Lowy Institute for International Policy. p. 6 (pp8 of PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 9 September 2015. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
- ^ a b "《
新 闻联播》曝光中国 海上 大 阅兵独 家 画面 (图)". sina.com.cn. 观察者 网. 23 April 2019. Retrieved 25 April 2021. - ^ Tate, Andrew (27 April 2021). "China commissions three major naval vessels on PLAN's 72nd anniversary". Janes. Retrieved 27 April 2021.
- ^ 赵文涵, ed. (24 April 2021). "习近
平 出席 海 军三型主战舰艇集中交接入列活动". Xinhua News Agency. Retrieved 27 April 2021. - ^ a b c d e f Jane's Fighting Ships, 2023-24 Edition, ISBN 978-0-7106-3428 3, page 132.
Sources[edit]
- Erickson, Andrew S.; Goldstein, Lyle J. (2007). "China's Future Nuclear Submarine Force". Naval War College Review. 60 (1).