Type 80 machine gun
Type 80 general-purpose machine gun | |
---|---|
Type | General-purpose machine gun |
Place of origin | China |
Service history | |
In service | 1983–present |
Used by | See Users |
Wars | Lebanese Civil War Second Sudanese Civil War[1] War in Darfur Sri Lankan Civil War South Sudanese ethnic violence Sudanese conflict Syrian Civil War Boko Haram insurgency Islamic State insurgency in Iraq (2017–present)[2] |
Production history | |
Designer | Mikhail Kalashnikov[3] |
Designed | 1980 |
Manufacturer |
|
Produced | 1983–present[4] |
Variants | See Variants |
Specifications | |
Mass | 12.6 kg (27.78 lb) |
Length | 1,192 mm (46.9 in) |
Barrel length | 658 mm (25.9 in) |
Cartridge |
|
Action | Gas-operated, open bolt |
Rate of fire | 700–800 round/min |
Muzzle velocity | 840 m/s (2,776 ft/s) |
Effective firing range | 1,640 yd (100—1,500 m sight adjustments) |
Feed system | Belts in 100/200/250 round boxes |
Sights | Open sights. Optical/Night vision scope can be outfitted. |
The Type 80 (Chinese: 80
Only a few Type 80s were used in the People's Liberation Army Marine Corps and airborne units, and a modified Type 80, named as Type 86, was then accepted by PLA armor units.[5]
History[edit]
The development of the GPMG started when Chinese firearms engineers studied PKMs that were captured from Vietnamese forces during the Sino-Vietnamese War.[5]
Changfeng Machinery was subcontracted to create the CS/LM4 in order to have it chambered to 7.62 NATO caliber.[6] The CS/LM4 has been marketed to countries that have used Soviet/East European/Chinese-made small arms, but have oriented to use NATO-based ammo.[6]
Design[edit]
The Type 80 uses the 7.62×54mmR round. It is a gas-operated, air-cooled, belt-fed, fully automatic firearm. It can fire on both the tripod and the foldable bipod on the gas tube below the barrel.[7]
Belts are used from 100-round boxes in the light machine gun configurations, and from 200- or 250-round boxes in tripod-mounted applications. The machine gun uses an open iron sight, but can also be fitted with an optical or night-vision sight.[7]
Variants[edit]
- Type 80 - The copy of the PKM GPMG, chambered in 7.62×54mmR. The modernized version is copy of PKP "Pecheneg"[6]
- Type 86 - A machine gun only used for tanks as a secondary weapon.[5]
- CF06 - An export-only version of the Type 80, which is chambered for 7.62 NATO ammunition.[8][9] A study on creating the CF06 started with an evaluation from July to December 2006 with a prototype review in February 2007.[6] Production started from April to May 2007 before the CF06 was officially formalized in January 2008.[6] It's equipped with polymer furniture instead of the wooden furniture used in the original Type 80.[10] The barrel life consist of 25,000 rounds, with 12,500 rounds for each one of two barrels supplied.[11] It's also known as the CS/LM4 GPMG (Chinese: CS/LM 4
型 通用 机 枪) in 2008.[5]
Foreign variants[edit]
- Mokhtar - A variant of the Type 80 made by Military Industry Corporation[12] in 7.62x54R caliber.[13]
Users[edit]
- Cameroon[citation needed]
- China: Currently in service in small numbers with Chinese special forces.[4][7]
- Croatia: In service with Croatian police units during the country's war of independence.[14]
- India: Captured from various insurgents in the Kashmir valley and used by Indian troops.[15]
- Malta: Armed Forces of Malta[16]
- Niger[17]
- South Sudan[1]
- South Sudan Democratic Movement: Mokhtar[18]
- South Sudan Defence Forces: Type 80[19]
- Sudan: Manufactured locally as Mokhtar.[20] Also Chinese-made Type 80s.[19]
- Sri Lanka: In service with the Sri Lanka Army. Around 200 Type 80 GPMGs were supplied by Norinco as part of several defense agreements between China and Sri Lanka.[21]
- Syria[citation needed]
- Turkey: Purchased 2800 Type 80s for Border guards and Infantry Commando Brigades.[22]
Non-State Actors[edit]
- Boko Haram[23]
- Hamas[24]
- Islamic State[25]
- Libyan National Army[26]
- South Sudan Democratic Movement[27]
- South Sudan Liberation Movement[27]
- Nuer militias in South Sudan[27]
See also[edit]
- PK/PKM: The original.
- UKM-2000: Polish version of the PKM for 7.62mm NATO.
- Zastava M84: Yugoslavian/Serbian copy of the PKM.
References[edit]
- ^ a b "Sudan - Global trade, local impact: Arms Transfers to all Sides in the Civil War in Sudan" (PDF). Human Rights Watch Report. 10 (4): 25. August 1998.
- ^ https://twitter.com/war_noir/status/1747716616996171977.
{{cite web}}
: Missing or empty|title=
(help)[better source needed] - ^ This is due to the Type 80's basis from the PK general-purpose machine gun.
- ^ a b c d
中国 80式 7.62毫米通用 机 枪至今 仍大量 出口 (图) (in Chinese). Sina. Archived from the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2010-05-04. - ^ a b c d "
深度 :俄 抱 怨中国山 寨太强 这么好 的 机 枪都抄 袭到手 ". mil.sina.cn (in Chinese). 10 May 2016. - ^ a b c d e "Firearmsworld.net" 80
式 通用 机 枪 (in Chinese). Archived from the original on 2015-11-15. Retrieved 2020-04-13. - ^ a b c "Type 80 7.62mm General Purpose Machine Gun". 2007-08-13. Archived from the original on 2007-10-16. Retrieved 2013-04-29.
- ^ "
中国 研 制 成功 新型 CF06式 7.62毫米通用 机 枪(图)" (in Chinese). Sina. 2007-10-16. Archived from the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2013-04-29. - ^ "图文:
国 产CF06式 7.62毫米通用 机 枪结构示意 图" (in Chinese). Sina. 2007-10-16. Archived from the original on 2012-03-02. Retrieved 2013-04-29. - ^ "
中国 CF06式 7.62毫米通用 机 枪". 18 June 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-06-18. - ^ "
中国 CF06式 7.62毫米通用 机 枪" (in Chinese). 25 July 2017. Archived from the original on 2017-07-25. - ^ Small Arms Survey 2014, p. 241.
- ^ "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-05-20. Retrieved 2020-06-13.
{{cite web}}
: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link) - ^ "Vojničke puške - mup.hr". 16 March 2014. Archived from the original on 2014-03-16.
- ^ Admin -. "Type 56 Assault Rifle: A Curious Case of Indian Army using Chinese Weapon". News Buzz India. Retrieved 2020-06-01.
- ^ Agius, Matthew (14 July 2018). "Personnel reveal shortcomings inside Maltese armed forces". Malta Today.
- ^ de Tessières 2018 (Small Arms Survey), p. 58.
- ^ Small Arms Survey 2014, p. 233.
- ^ a b Small Arms Survey 2014, p. 226.
- ^ Small Arms Survey (2014). "Weapons tracing in Sudan and South Sudan" (PDF). Small Arms Survey 2014: Women and guns (PDF). Cambridge University Press. p. 241. Archived from the original (PDF) on August 5, 2014.
- ^ "Chinese arms, radar for Sri Lanka military". 2007-06-05. Archived from the original on 2012-06-14. Retrieved 2010-05-04.
- ^ Kula, Mehmet Ali (13 September 2022). "Türkiye, Çin'den 3 binden fazla makineli tüfek aldı!". DefenceTurk (in Turkish). Retrieved 24 September 2023.
- ^ Savannah de Tessières (January 2018). At the Crossroads of Sahelian Conflicts: Insecurity, Terrorism, and Arms Trafficking in Niger (PDF) (Report). Small Arms Survey. p. 55. ISBN 978-2-940548-48-4. Archived from the original (PDF) on June 12, 2018.
- ^ "Hamas fights with a patchwork of weapons built by Iran, China, Russia and North Korea". ABC News. Archived from the original on 2024-01-19. Retrieved 2024-01-15.
- ^ Conflict Armament Research (September 2014). Islamic State Weapons in Iraq and Syria: Analysis of weapons and ammunition captured from Islamic State forces in Iraq and Syria (PDF). pp. 6, 9.
- ^ Mitzer, Stijn; Oliemans, Joost (23 March 2021). "Tracking Arms Transfers By The UAE, Russia, Jordan And Egypt To The Libyan National Army Since 2014". Oryx Blog.
- ^ a b c "Reaching for the gun: Arms flows and holdings in South Sudan" (PDF). Sudan Issue Brief (19 April 2011). Small Arms Survey: 6–9. 7 January 2024.