User:Benwing/sinotib

Languages and peoples

Ethnic groups

Sino-Tibetan is not an ethnic group, but rather a linguistic family. Therefore it makes little sense to speak of "Sino-Tibetan people" as a group apart from the languages they speak.

The most numerous of the Sino-Tibetan–speaking peoples are the Han Chinese numbering 1.3 billion people. The Hui (10 million) also speak Chinese, but are ethnically distinct. Numerous Tibeto-Burman peoples are the Burmese (42 million), Yi (Lolo) (7 million), Tibetans (6 million), Karen (5 million), Bhutanese (1.5 million), Manipuris (1.5 million), Naga (1.2 million), Tamang (1.1 million), Chin (1.1 million), Newar (1 million), Bodo (1 million), Kachin (1 million). The Hui people live predominantly in the Ningxia autonomous region of China. The Burmese and Bhutanese peoples mostly live in Myanmar (Burma) and Bhutan. Rakhine, Kachin, Karen, Red Karen, and Chin peoples live in Rakhine, Kachin, Kayin, Kayah, and Chin states of Myanmar. Tibetans live in the Tibet autonomous region, Qinghai, Western Sichuan, Gansu and Northern Yunnan provinces in China and in Ladakh in the Kashmir region of Pakistan and India, while Manipuris, Mizo, Naga, Tripuri, Idu Mishmis, and Garo live in Manipur, Mizoram, Nagaland, Tripura, and Meghalaya states of India. Bodo and Karbi live in Assam (India), while Adi, Nishi, Apa Tani and Galo, calling themselves sons and descendants of Abotani, live in Arunachal Pradesh (India).

Sinitic languages

Chinese language (Han Chinese people):

Old Chinese (extinct)
- Min (people)
  - Min Nan or Southern Min
    - Hokkien (Hoklo people)
    - Hainanese (people)
    - Teochew or Chaozhou (people)
  - Min Dong or Eastern Min
    - Fuzhou (Foochow) or Hockchew (people, language)
  - Min Bei or Northern Min
  - Min Zhong or Central Min
  - Puxian Min or Hinghua (Xinghua) (Putian people)
- Middle Chinese (extinct)
  - Mandarin
    - Hui people (no specific language)
      - Dungan (people)
    - Standard Mandarin
  - Jin (often considered a Mandarin dialect)
  - Cantonese (people)
    - San Diu people
  - Xiang (Hunanese people)
  - Hakka or Kejia (people)
  - Gan or Jiangxi (people)
  - Wu (people)
    - Shanghainese (people)
    - Ningbo (people)
    - Wenzhounese (Wenzhou people)
Tanka people (no specific language)
- Ngái people (no specific language)
- Fuzhou Tanka or Kuóh-dà̤

Other:

Bai (Baip) (people)

Tibeto-Burman languages

Lolo-Burmese languages

Burmish languages
- Burmic languages
  - language (Bamar people)
    - Rakhine or Arakanese (people)
  - Achang (Ngac'ang, Maingtha) (people)
- Maruic languages
  - Zaiwa or Atsi
  - Lashi (people)
Loloish languages
- Northern Loloish languages
  - Nuosu (Nosu), Northern Yi, Liangshan Yi or Sichuan Yi (Yi people)
  - Laghuu (people)
- Central Loloish languages
  - Lisu (people)
  - Sani Yi (people)
  - Ahsi Yi (Axi) (people)
  - Micha Yi or Central Yi (people)
  - Lahu (people)
  - Jino (Jinuo) (people)
- Southern Loloish languages
  - Akha–Hani language
    - Akha (people)
    - Hani (people)
  - Phunoi or Cong (Cống, Côông, Khong) (people, people (alternate article))
  - Bisu (people)
  - Mpi (people)
  - Ugong (people)
- Southeastern Loloish languages
  - Phula (people)
  - Azha (people)
  - Khlula (people)
  - Muji (people)
  - Phowa (people)
  - Pholo (people)
Naxi (Nakhi people)
- Mosuo people

Bodish languages (possibly Tibeto-Kanauri languages)

Tibetan languages (people)
- Classical Tibetan
- Central Tibetan languages
  - Standard Tibetan
  - South Central Tibetan languages
    - Dzongkha or Bhutanese (Ngalop people)
    - Sherpa (people)
    - Sikkimese Tibetan (Bhutia people)
    - Groma (people)
- Khams Tibetan (people)
- Amdo Tibetan (people)
- Balti (people)
- Ladakhi (people)
East Bodish languages (Monpa people)
- Kheng (people)
- Dakpa (people)
- Dzala (people)
- Kurtöp (people)
- Bumthang (people)
- Tawang (people)
- Olekha or Black Mountain Monpa (people)
- Chali (people)
- Nyenkha (people)
Tshangla (people)
South Bodish languages
- Brokkat (people)
- Brokpa (people)
- Lakha (people)
Central Bodish languages
- Chocangacakha (people)

West Himalayish languages or Almora, Kanauric (possibly Tibeto-Kanauri languages)=

Pattani (Patni) or Manchad (Manchati), Chamba (Chamba Lahuli, Lahuli), Swangla, Changsapa Boli (people)
Gahri or Bunan (people)
Kinnauri (Kanauri) (people)
- Sunam (people)
Rangas (Rangkas) (extinct) (people)
Zhangzhung (extinct) (people)
Tinan (people)
Kanashi (people)
Darma (people)
Byangsi (people)

Tamangic languages (possibly Tibeto-Kanauri languages)=

Tamang (two divergent varieties) (people)
Gurung (three varieties with low mutual intelligibility) (people)
Thakali (including the Seke dialect) (people)
Manang(ba) or Nyishang(ba) (people)
Gyasumdo (people)
Nar Phu (Narpa) (people)
Chantyal (people)
Kaike (people)

Often included:

Ghale (people)

Tani languages or Miric

Adi languages (people)
- Minyong (people)
- Padam (people)
- Pasi (people)
- Shimong (people)
Nishi languages (Nyishi) (people)
- Nishi (Nishing) or East Dafla (people)
- Tagin or West Dafla (people)
- Bangni (people)
- Nah (people)
- Hill Miri or Sarak (people)
Apatani (Apa Tani, Tanii) (people)
Milang (people)
Gallong languages
- Gallong (Galo) or Duba (people)
- Pailibo (Libo) (people)
- Ramo (people)
- Bokar (people)

Karen languages (people)

Sgaw-Bghai languages
- Bghai languages
  - Lahta (people)
  - Padaung (people)
  - Bwe (people)
  - Geko (people)
  - Geba (people)
- Brek (people)
- Kayah languages (Red Karen people or Karenni)
  - Eastern Kayah (people)
  - Western Kayah (people)
  - Yinbaw (people)
  - Yintale (people)
  - Manumanaw (people)
- Sgaw languages
  - Sgaw (S'gaw) or Paganyaw (people)
  - Paku Karen (people)
  - Mopwa (people)
  - Wewaw (people)
Pwo Karen languages (people)
- Eastern Pwo Karen (people)
- Northern Pwo Karen (people)
- Western Pwo Karen (people)
- Phrae Pwo Karen (people)
Pao (Pa-Oh, Pa-O, Pa'o) or Taungthu, Black Karen (people)

Kiranti languages (Kirat people)

Limbu or Yakthung (people)
Eastern Kiranti languages
- Greater Yakkha Kiranti languages
  - Yakkha (people)
  - Belhare (people)
  - Athpare (people)
  - Chintang (people)
  - Chulung (people)
- Upper Arun River Kiranti languages
  - Yamphu (people)
  - Lorung (people)
  - Meohang (people)
Central Kiranti languages
- Khambu (Rai) Kiranti languages
  - Kulung (people)
  - Nachering (people)
  - Sampang (people)
  - Saam (people)
- Southern Kiranti languages
  - Bantawa (people)
  - Puma (people)
  - Camling (people)
  - Dungmali (people)
Western Kiranti languages
- Midwestern Kiranti languages
  - Thulung (perhaps a primary branch of Kiranti) (people)
- Chaurasiya Kiranti languages
  - Wambule (people)
  - Jerung (people)
- Upper Dudhkosi River Kiranti languages
  - Khaling (people)
  - Dumi (people)
  - Kohi (people)
- Northwestern (Sunwari) Kiranti languages
  - Bahing (people)
  - Sunwar (people)
  - Wayu (people)

Qiangic languages (Kiangic) or Dzorgai

Northern Qiang (Qiang people)
Southern Qiang (Qiang people)
Pumi (people)
Tangut (extinct) (people)
Ersu (Erhsu, Tosu, Duoxu) (people)
Shixing (people)
Namuzi (people)
Guixiong (2-3 varieties with low intelligibility) (people)
Zhaba (people)
Queyu (people)

Possibly included:

Baima (people)

Also often considered part of the Qiangic languages:

Rgyalrongic languages (Jiarongic)
- Lavrung (people)
- Horpa (people)
- Gyarung languages (Rgyalrong proper)
  - Eastern Rgyalrong (people)
  - Japhug (Chabao) (people)
  - Tshobdun (Caodeng) (people)
  - Showu (Zbu, Ribu) (people)

Kuki-Chin languages

Mizo-Kuki-Chin proper

Central
- Mizo (Lushai) (people)
- Zyphe (people)
- Bawm (Banjogi) (people)
- Hmar (people)
- Hakha (Lai Pawi) (people)
- Ngawn (people)
- Senthang (people)
- Tawr (people)
- Zotung (people)
- Darlong (people)
- Pangkhua (people)
Northern
- Falam (Hallam, incl. Laizo, Zahao) (people)
- Anal (people)
- Hrangkhol (people)
- Zo (Zou, Zome) (people)
- Aimol (people)
- Biete (Bete) (people)
- Paite (people)
- Siyin (people)
- Tedim (Tiddim) (people)
- Thado (people)
- Chiru (people)
- Gangte (people)
- Kom (people)
- Lamkang (people)
- Chothe (Naga) (people)
- Kharam (Naga) (people)
- Milhiem (people)
- Monsang (Naga) (people)
- Moyon (Naga) (people)
- Purum (Naga) (people)
- Tarao (Naga) (people)
- Purum (people)
- Ralte (people)
- Ranglong (people)
- Sakachep (people)
- Simte (people)
- Vaiphei (people)
- Yos (people)
Southern
- Shö (Asho/Khyang, Bualkhaw, Chinbon, and Shendu) (people)
- Mara (Lakher) (people)
- Khumi (Khumi proper and Khumi Awa) (people)
- Daai (Nitu) (people)
- Mro (people)
- Mün (people)
- Nga La (people)
- Welaung (people)

Possibly included:

Karbi languages or Mikir

Karbi (people)
Amri (people)

Meitei or Manipuri (people)

Other "Naga" languages (geographic grouping) (people)

NOTE: Many Naga languages are listed above in the Kuki-Chin languages.

Angami-Pochuri languages

Angami languages
- Angami (people)
- Mao or Sopvoma (people)
- Chokri (Chakri) (people)
- Kheza (people)
Pochuri languages
- Pochuri (people)
- Ntenyi (people)
- Maluri (Meluri) (people)
- Sema (Sumi) (people)
- Rengma (people)

Ao languages (people)

Chungli Ao (people)
Mongsen Ao (people)
Sangtam (Thukumi) (people)
Yimchungrü (Yachumi) (people)
Lotha (Lhota) (people)

Konyak languages

Zeme languages

Zeme cluster (close enough to sometimes be considered dialects of a single Zeliang language) (people)
- Zeme proper or Empeo, Kacha Naga (people)
- Liangmai or Kwoireng (people)
- Rongmei (Nruanghmei) or Kabui (people)
Mzieme (people)
Puiron (people)
Khoirao (people)
Maram (people)