Yin Kaishan

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Yin Jiao
殷いん峤
County magistrate of Taigu (太ふとし谷たに县令)
In office
?–?
MonarchEmperor Yang of Sui
County magistrate of Shi'ai (石いし爱县令れい)
In office
?–617 (617)
MonarchEmperor Yang of Sui
Yuan (Assistant) in the Grand General Office (大将たいしょう军府掾じょう)
In office
617 (617)–c.618 (c.618)
MonarchEmperor Gaozu of Tang
Staff in Weibei Circuit General Office (渭北道行みちゆき军长史し)
In office
617 (617)–617 (617)
MonarchEmperor Gaozu of Tang
Vice General of Weibei Circuit (渭北道ほくどう副ふく大使たいし)
In office
617 (617)–617 (617)
MonarchEmperor Gaozu of Tang
Vice Minister in the Ministry of Personnel (吏部侍さむらい郎ろう)
In office
617 (617)–618 (618)
MonarchEmperor Gaozu of Tang
Minister in the Ministry of Personnel (吏部尚なお书)
In office
619 (619)–622 (622)
MonarchEmperor Gaozu of Tang
Personal details
BornUnknown
Huyi
Died622
Hebei
ChildrenNone
Parent
  • Yin Sengshou (father)
OccupationGeneral, Official
Courtesy nameKaishan (开山)
TitleDuke of Xun (勋国公こう)
Posthumous nameJie (节)
In this Chinese name, the family name is Yin.

Yin Jiao (Chinese: 殷いん峤), better known by his courtesy name Kaishan (Chinese: 殷いん开山), titled Duke Jie of Xun, was a general and officer in Sui and Tang dynasties of China. Because of his remarkable contributions during the unification wars of Tang dynasty, Yin Kaishan was listed as one of 24 founding officials of the Tang dynasty honored on the Lingyan Pavilion.

In history[edit]

Yin Kaishan became popular at a young age because of his outstanding skills in writing and calligraphy. He served as the county magistrate in Taigu and Shi'ai counties during the Sui dynasty.[1] When Li Yuan, the later Emperor Gaozu of Tang, rebelled against Sui dynasty in Jinyang in 617, Yin Kaishan joined the rebellion force. Li Yuan appointed him to be the assistant in the grand general's office. Soon after that, Yin Kaishan took part in the Battle of Huoyi, the key battle that secured Li Yuan's success in establishing the Tang dynasty.[2]

Yin Kaishan also took part in campaigns against Xue Ju, a warlord based in Jincheng, and Liu Wuzhou, a warlord based in northern Shanxi. During the battle against Xue Ju, Yin Kaishan was defeated because he underestimated the enemy and did not obey the order from Li Shimin, the chief general of Tang in this campaign. Yin was demoted after the battle due to his fault.[3] However, in the next battle against Xue Ju's son Xue Renguo, Yin Kaishan made major contributions, so he was promoted back to his old position after the war.[4] In the campaign against Liu Wuzhou, Yin Kaishan led a key force of Tang during the Battle of Meiliangchuan. Yin Kaishan assisted Qin Shubao in the battle and forced Yuchi Jingde, a top warrior serving for Liu Wuzhou, to surrender to Tang.

In 619, Yin Kaishan was appointed to be the minister in the Ministry of Personnel. Then, he joined the campaign led by Li Shimin against Wang Shichong and Dou Jiande, the two most powerful rivals of Tang dynasty at that time. After the Battle of Hulao, Tang dynasty captured both Wang and Dou. Yin Kaishan was given a title of Duke of Xun by Emperor Gaozu of Tang after the campaign to award his contributions.[5]

In 622, Yin Kaishan died on the way to Hebei to fight against the rebel Liu Heita.[6]

In popular culture[edit]

In folk stories, Yin Kaishan was regarded as one of the four guards (the other three being Liu Hongji, Duan Zhixuan and Ma Sanbao) to protect Li Shimin when he was the Prince of Qin. During the campaign against Goguryeo, Yin Kaishan and the other three guards were killed by Yeon Gaesomun in the battle at Fenghuang Mountain.

In the classic novel Journey to the West by Wu Cheng'en, the monk Xuanzang was said to be the son of Yin Wenjiao, who was Yin Kaishan's daughter.

Family[edit]

Yin Kaishan is a descendant of the Yin clan from Chen Prefecture, which was one of the powerful clans during the Southern dynasties.

Great-great-grandfather:

  • Yin Ren: A general under the Prince of Yuzhang during the Southern Qi dynasty

Great-grandfather:

Grandfather:

  • Yin Buhai: An officer of the Board of Agriculture during the Chen dynasty, also a famous artist [8]

Granduncles:

  • Yin Bu'ning: A high-ranked officer during the Liang and Chen dynasties
  • Yin Buyi
  • Yin Buzhan
  • Yin Buqi

Father:

Son: Yin Kaishan did not have any sons. However, his nephew Yin Yuan was considered as his son after the formal adoption to succeed his title of nobility.[10]

References[edit]

  1. ^ Old Book of Tang: 峤少以学行ぎょう见称，尤ゆう工こう尺じゃく牍。仕つかまつ隋ずい太ふとし谷たに长，有ゆう治ち名めい。
  2. ^ Zizhi Tongjian: 渊使殷いん开山趣おもむき召后军。
  3. ^ Old Book of Tang: 从击薛举，为元帅府司し马。时太宗そう有ゆう疾やまし，委ゆだね军于刘文静せい，诫之曰：“贼众远来，利り在ざい急きゅう战，难与争そう锋。且宜持久じきゅう，待まち粮尽，然しか后きさき可か图。”峤退谓文静せい曰：“王おう体たい不安ふあん，虑公不ふ济，故こ发此言ごと。宜むべ因いん机つくえ破やぶ贼，何なに乃以勍敌遗王也！”久之ひさゆき，言げん于文静せい曰：“王おう不ふ豫よ，恐おそれ贼轻我わが，请耀武たけ以威之の。”遂とげ陈兵于折墌，为举所しょ乘じょう，军乃大だい败。峤坐减死除名じょめい。
  4. ^ Old Book of Tang:后きさき从平薛仁杲，复其爵位しゃくい。
  5. ^ Old Book of Tang: 武德ぶとく二に年ねん，兼けん陕东道どう大だい行ぎょう台だい兵部ひょうぶ尚なお书，迁吏部ぶ尚なお书。从太宗むね讨平王おう世よ充たかし，以功进爵郧国公こう。
  6. ^ Old Book of Tang: 复从征せい刘黑闼，道みち病びょう卒そつ。太ふとし宗そう亲临丧，哭之甚恸，赠陕东道大だい行ぎょう台だい右みぎ仆射，谥曰节。
  7. ^ History of the Southern Dynasties: 父ちち高明こうめい，梁りょう尚しょう书兵部ぶ郎ろう。
  8. ^ Book of Chen: 殷いん不ふ害がい，字じ长卿，陈郡长平人じん也。祖そ任にん，齐豫章あきら王おう行こう参まいり军。父ちち高明こうめい，梁りょう尚しょう书中兵へい郎ろう。
  9. ^ Old Book of Tang: 殷いん峤，字じ开山，雍州鄠县人じん，陈司农卿不ふ害がい孙也。其先本ほん居きょ陈郡，陈亡，徙关中ちゅう。父ちち僧そう首くび，隋ずい秘ひ书丞，有名ゆうめい于世。
  10. ^ Jin Shi Lu by Zhao Mingcheng in Song dynasty: 唐から殷いん元もと，吏部尚なお书峤弟おとうと之子ゆきこ，峤无子こ，以元嗣。
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