(Translated by https://www.hiragana.jp/)
Zu Yue - Wikipedia Jump to content

Zu Yue

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Zu Yue
祖そ約やく
Inspector of Yu Province (豫よ州しゅう刺史しし)
In office
321 (321)–329 (329)
MonarchEmperor Yuan of Jin/Emperor Ming of Jin/Emperor Cheng of Jin
Personal details
BornUnknown
Qiuxian county, Hebei
Died330
RelationsZu Ti (brother)
Zu Gai (brother)
Zu Na (half-brother)
Parent
  • Zu Wu (father)
OccupationMilitary general, warlord
Courtesy nameShishao (士し少しょう)
In this Chinese name, the family name is Zu.

Zu Yue (祖そ約やく) (after 266[1] - March to April 330[2]), courtesy name Shishao, was a Chinese military general and warlord of the Jin dynasty. He was the younger brother of the famed Jin general Zu Ti who marched north to reclaim lost lands from the barbarians. After Ti's death in 321, Zu Yue succeeded him but was said to have lacked his talents. In 327, dissatisfied with his treatment by the Jin court, he joined forces with Su Jun and took over the capital. However, he was defeated by loyalist forces in 329 and fled to Later Zhao, where he and his family were executed by Shi Le.

Career under the Jin dynasty

[edit]

Zu Yue hailed from Qiuxian county, Fanyang commandery and was the younger brother of Zu Ti, who he had a friendly relationship with. In his youth, Zu Yue received the title of "Xiaolian (孝こう廉れん; Filial and Incorrupt)" and worked as the Magistrate of Chenggao County. After the Disaster of Yongjia in July 311, he followed his brother south to join Sima Rui. There, he served a handful of offices such as the Attendant Officer of the Household Gentlemen and was said to be as equally famous as Ruan Fu (阮孚) of Chenliu.[3]

Despite his respectful career, Zu Yue nearly landed himself in trouble due to his marital problems at home. Zu Yue had a very jealous wife who was very suspicious of him to the point that Zu Yue feared her. One night, Zu Yue was suddenly injured by someone, and he suspected that this was his wife's doing. Zu Yue begged Sima Rui to allow him to resign but was rejected, so Zu instead abandoned his post. The Minister of Justice, Liu Wei (劉りゅう隗), wanted to execute him for his negligence but Sima Rui prevented him from doing so.[4]

While Zu Ti won merits in his northern expedition, Zu Yue too benefitted back home with promotions. After Zu Ti died in 321, however, Zu Yue was chosen to take over his army as General Who Pacifies The West and Inspector of Yuzhou. His half-brother, Zu Na (祖そ納おさめ) warned Sima Rui that giving his brother that much power would lead to rebellion, but Na was ignored as he was noted to be notoriously jealous of Yue. Zu Yue found his new position difficult to hold, as his lack of ability to impose discipline and poor relations with his brother's generals made him very unpopular among his men.[5] Shortly after Zu Yue's appointment, Later Zhao forces quickly retook lands that they had lost to Zu Ti. Zu Yue failed to hold out and lost Xiangcheng, Chengfu (城しろ父ちち, in present-day Bozhou, Anhui) and Chenliu as a result.[6]

In 324, Zu Yue joined the loyalist side during Wang Dun's second insurrection against Jin after he was summoned to the capital by Emperor Ming. Zu Yue drove out Wang's Administrator of Huainan Ren Tai (任にん台だい) at Shouyang (壽ことぶき陽よう, in present-day Lu'an, Anhui).[7]

After the death of Emperor Ming the following year, his brother-in-law Yu Liang, became the regent for his nephew, Emperor Cheng of Jin. Zu Yue saw himself as an independent warlord and wished to exercise his own authority over his holdings. He had hope that the new government would give him the privilege to hand out offices to his subordinates, much like his contemporaries, but this did not happen. He soon sent multiple petitions demanding for it, but they were either rejected or ignored. Even worse, when an imperial edict promoting ministers was declared, he, along with Tao Kan, were left out from the edict, and all this caused Zu Yue to suspect that Yu Liang was purposefully snubbing him.[8]

In 326, Zu Yue was attacked by Later Zhao forces under Shi Cong (石いし聰さとし) at Shouchun. Zu sent edicts to Jiankang demanding for help but none came. The court only considered action when Shi Cong attacked Junqiu (浚遒, in present-day Feidong County, Anhui) and Fuling (阜陵; in present-day Quanjiao County, Anhui). However, before reinforcements could be sent, the warlord, Su Jun, sent his general Han Huang first and repelled Shi Cong. Zu Yue's relationship with the court deteriorated even further when he heard of the court's plan to make a defensive dyke. The dyke would cut him off from the capital, leaving him isolated in the face of a future invasion.[9]

Su Jun's Rebellion

[edit]

The next year, Su Jun rebelled against the Jin dynasty. Su Jun knew of Zu Yue's grudge with Yu Liang and the government, so he was offered to join forces. Zu Yue was delighted, and sent nephew Zu Huan and brother-in-law Xu Liu to aid Su Jun in capturing Jiankang. There were attempts to discourage Zu Yue from joining Su Jun by Huan Xuan and Zu Ti's widow, but Zu Yue refused to listen.[10] When Su Jun took over the capital in 328, Su Jun appointed Zu Yue Palace Attendant, Grand Commandant, and Prefect of the Masters of Writing.

While the rebellion raged on in the south, Later Zhao attacked Zu Yue at Huaishang. One of Zu Yue's general, Chen Guang (陳ちん光ひかり), betrayed and attacked him. Zu Yue's Attendant and also his look-alike, Yan Tu (閻禿), pretended to be superior while the real Zu Yue secretly escaped the city in the night.[11]

The Jin general, Wen Jiao, issued a call to arms against Su Jun and Zu Yue. Many loyalists rose up against them and gathered around the capital's region. While Wen Jiao was at the Qiezi river mouth (茄子なすび浦うら, in present-day Nanjing, Jiangsu), his subordinate Mao Bao went against his orders and successfully attacked a shipment of rice that Su Jun was sending to Zu Yue, leaving Zu and his men starving without food.[12] Later, Zu Yue sent his generals Zu Huan (祖そ渙きよし) and Huan Fu (桓撫) to attack Penkou (湓口, in present-day Jiujiang, Jiangxi). They managed to defeat Mao Bao at first, but he then returned to drive them off. Mao Bao proceeded to attack and capture Zu Yue's camps in Hefei.[13]

With his deteriorating relationship with his staff and the mounting defeats, Zu Yue's generals plotted with Later Zhao to kill him. Shi Cong and Shi Kan (石いし堪こらえ) attacked Zu Yue at Shouchun and his forces scattered, causing him to flee to Liyang.[14]

Su Jun was killed in battle in late 328 and was succeeded by his brother Su Yi (蘇そ逸いつ). The situation for Zu Yue continued to worsen as the loyalist Zhao Yin (趙ちょう胤たね) attacked his base the next year. While his general Gan Miao (甘あま苗なえ) fought Zhao Yin, Zu Yue secretly fled to Later Zhao with his families and followers. Gan Miao later surrender to Zhao Yin, thus ending Zu Yue's part in the rebellion.[15] Su Yi and the rest of the rebels were destroyed later that year.

Flight to Later Zhao and death

[edit]

Although Zu Yue was under Zhao's protection, its emperor, Shi Le secretly despised him. His advisor Cheng Xia and general Yao Yizhong shared his sentiment and advised him to kill Zu Yue before he could rebel, citing the precedent of Liu Bang killing Ding Gong despite Ding having once saved Liu's life. Shi Le thus hosted a banquet for Zu Yue and his followers with the intention of trapping them there. At the banquet, Zu Yue soon realized that he had fallen for Shi Le's ruse and drank heavily. Zu Yue and his followers were then arrested and brought to the marketplace to be executed. Before he died, Zu Yue was said to have cried while holding his grandsons. The men were executed while the women were distributed among the tribes in Zhao. Only his nephew, Zu Xian (祖そ羡; original name Zu Daozhong (祖そ道重みちしげ)), survived due to the help of Zu Ti's slave-turned-Later Zhao general Wang An (王おう安やすし).[16]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Since his older brother Zu Ti was born in 266, Zu Yue must be born after 266.
  2. ^ Volume 94 of Zizhi Tongjian recorded that Zu Yue was killed after Shi Le declared himself "Heavenly King"; this took place in the 2nd month of the 5th year of the Xianhe era of Emperor Cheng's (of Jin) reign, which corresponds to 6 Mar to 4 Apr 330 on the Julian calendar.
  3. ^ (祖そ約やく，字じ士し少しょう，豫よ州しゅう刺史しし逖之弟おとうと也。初はつ以孝廉れん為ため成なり皋令，與あずか逖甚相しょう友愛ゆうあい。永えい嘉よしみ末まつ，隨ずい逖過江え。元もと帝みかど稱しょう制せい，引為掾じょう屬ぞく，與あずか陳ひね留とめ阮孚齊ひとし名めい。) Book of Jin, Volume 100
  4. ^ (後こう轉てん從事じゅうじ中ちゅう郎ろう，典てん選せん舉。約やく妻つま無む男おとこ而性妒，約やく亦また不ふ敢違忤。嘗夜寢ね於外，忽ゆるがせ為ため人じん所しょ傷きず，疑うたぐ其妻所為しょい，約やく求もとめ去ざ職しょく，帝みかど不ふ聽，約やく便びん從したがえ右みぎ司馬しば營東門もん私わたし出で。司直しちょく劉りゅう隗劾之の曰：「約やく幸こう荷に殊こと寵ちょう，顯あらわ位い選せん曹，銓衡せんこう人物じんぶつ，眾所具ぐ瞻。當とう敬けい以直內，義ぎ以方外がい，杜もり漸やや防ぼう萌もえ，式しき遏寇害がい。而乃變へん起おこり蕭しょう牆，患生婢妾，身み被ひ刑けい傷きず，虧其膚はだ髮かみ。群小ぐんしょう噂うわさ嚃，囂聲遠とお被ひ，塵ちり穢けがれ清きよし化か，垢あか累るい明あかり時じ。天恩てんおん含垢，猶なお復ふく慰喻，而約違たがえ命いのち輕けい出で，既すんで無む明智めいち以保其身，又また孤こ恩おん廢はい命いのち，宜むべ加か貶黜，以塞眾謗。」帝みかど不ふ之これ罪ざい。隗重加か執と據よりどころ，終おわり不ふ許もと。) Book of Jin, Volume 100
  5. ^ (及逖有功ゆうこう於譙沛，約やく漸やや見み任にん遇ぐう。逖卒，自じ侍さむらい中代なかだい逖為平ひら西にし將軍しょうぐん、豫よ州しゅう刺史しし，領りょう逖之眾。約やく異母いぼ兄けい光こう祿ろく大夫たいふ納おさめ密みつ言げん於帝曰：「約やく內懷陵りょう上之うえの心しん，抑そもそも而使之の可也かなり。今こん顯あらわ侍さむらい左右さゆう，假かり其權勢ぜい，將はた為ため亂らん階かい矣。」帝みかど不納ふのう。時人じじん亦また謂いい納おさめ與あずか約やく異こと生せい，忌き其寵貴とうと，故こ有ゆう此言。而約竟無綏馭之の才ざい，不為ふため士卒しそつ所しょ附ふ。) Book of Jin, Volume 100
  6. ^ (祖そ逖旣卒そつ，後ご趙ちょう屢寇河南かなん，拔襄城じょう、城しろ父ちち，圍かこえ譙。豫よ州しゅう刺史しし祖そ約やく不能ふのう禦，退すさ屯たむろ壽ことぶき春はる。後こう趙ちょう遂とげ取ど陳ひね留とめ，梁りょう、鄭てい之の間あいだ復ふく騷然そうぜん矣。) Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 91
  7. ^ (及王敦あつし舉兵，約やく歸かえり衛まもる京都きょうと，率りつ眾次壽ことぶき陽よう，逐敦所しょ署しょ淮南ワイナン太守たいしゅ任にん台だい。) Book of Jin, Volume 100
  8. ^ (約やく以功封ふう五ご等とう侯こう，進しん號ごう鎮西ちんぜい將軍しょうぐん，使つかい屯たむろ壽ことぶき陽よう，為ため北境きたざかい籓捍。自じ以名輩やから不ふ後ご郗、卞，而不豫よ明あかり帝みかど顧命，又また望もち開府かいふ，及諸所しょ表ひょう請多不ふ見み許もと，遂とげ懷ふところ怨望... 先さき是ぜ，太ふとし后きさき使し蔡謨勞ろう之の，約やく見み謨，瞋目攘袂，非ひ毀朝政ちょうせい。) Book of Jin, Volume 100
  9. ^ (石いし聰さとし嘗以眾逼之の，約やく屢表請救，而官軍ぐん不ふ至いたり。聰さとし既すんで退すさ，朝議ちょうぎ又また欲よく作さく塗ぬり塘以遏胡寇，約やく謂いい為ため棄己，彌わたる懷なつけ憤いきどお恚。) Book of Jin, Volume 100
  10. ^ (及蘇峻たかし舉兵，遂とげ推崇約やく而罪執政しっせい，約やく聞而大喜だいぎ。從したがえ子こ智さとし及衍並なみ傾かたぶけ險けわし好こう亂みだれ，又また贊成さんせい其事，於是命いのち逖子沛內史し渙きよし，女婿じょせい淮南ワイナン太守たいしゅ許もと柳やなぎ以兵會かい峻たかし。逖妻，柳之やなぎの姊也，固かた諫不從したがえ。) Book of Jin, Volume 100
  11. ^ (穎川えいせん人じん陳ちん光ひかり率りつ其屬攻おさむ之の，約やく左右さゆう閻禿貌類約やく，光ひかり謂いい為ため約やく而擒之の，約やく逾垣護まもる免めん。光ひかり奔于石せき勒。) Book of Jin, Volume 100
  12. ^ (陶とう侃ただし、溫ゆたか嶠軍于茄子浦しお；嶠以南兵みなみへい習水，蘇そ峻たかし兵へい便びん步ふ，令れい：「將士しょうし有ゆう上岸かみきし者しゃ死し！」會かい峻たかし送おく米べい萬斛ばんこく饋祖約やく，約やく遣や司馬しば桓撫等とう迎むかえ之これ。毛もう寶たから帥そち千せん人爲じんい嶠前鋒ほこさき，告つげ其衆曰：「兵法ひょうほう，『軍令ぐんれい有ゆう所しょ不ふ從したがえ』，豈あに可視かし賊ぞく可か擊げき，不ふ上岸かみきし擊げき之の邪よこしま！」乃擅往襲撫なで，悉獲其米，斬き獲え萬まん計けい，約やく由よし是ぜ飢かつえ乏とぼし。嶠表寶たから爲ため廬いおり江こう太守たいしゅ。) Zizhi Tongjian, Volume 94
  13. ^ (約やく眾潰，奔曆陽ひ。遣や兄子せこ渙きよし攻おさむ桓宣於皖城じょう，會かい毛げ寶たから援宣，擊げき渙きよし，敗はい之の。) Book of Jin, Volume 100
  14. ^ (而約之の諸しょ將しょう復ふく陰かげ結ゆい於勒，請為內應。勒遣石せき聰さとし來らい攻おさむ之の，約やく眾潰，奔曆陽ひ。) Book of Jin, Volume 100
  15. ^ (趙ちょう胤たね復ふく遣や將軍しょうぐん甘あま苗なえ從したがえ三さん焦こげ上うえ曆れき陽ひ，約やく懼而夜よる遁，其將牽騰率りつ眾出降くだ。約やく以左右さゆう數すう百ひゃく人にん奔于石せき勒。) Book of Jin, Volume 100
  16. ^ (勒薄其為人じん，不ふ見み者しゃ久之ひさゆき。勒將程ほど遐說勒曰：「天下てんか粗そ定じょう，當とう顯あらわ明あかり逆順ぎゃくじゅん，此漢高祖こうそ所しょ以斬丁ちょう公也きみや。今こん忠ちゅう於事君くん者しゃ莫不顯あらわ擢，背叛はいはん不ふ臣しん者しゃ無む不ふ夷えびす戮，此天下か所以ゆえん歸伏きふく大王だいおう也。祖そ約やく猶なお存そん，臣しん切きり惑之。且約大引おおびき賓客ひんきゃく，又また占うらない奪だつ鄉里きょうり先人せんじん田地でんち，地主じぬし多た怨。」於是勒乃詐いつわり約やく曰：「祖そ侯こう遠來えんらい，未み得とく喜き歡，可か集しゅう子弟してい一いち時じ俱會。」至いたり日び，勒辭之の以疾，令れい遐請約やく及其宗室そうしつ。約やく知ち禍か及，大だい飲いん致醉。既すんで至いたり於市，抱だき其外孫まご而泣。遂とげ殺ころせ之これ，並なみ其親屬ぞく中外ちゅうがい百ひゃく餘人よにん悉滅之の，婦女ふじょ伎妾班はん賜たまもの諸しょ胡えびす。) Book of Jin, Volume 100
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Zu_Yue&oldid=1255692174"