σπόγγος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

• σφόγγος (sphóngos) (Attic)

Etymology

Together with Latin fungus (“mushroom, fungus”) and Old Armenian սունկն (sunkn, “tree-mushroom”) a Mediterranean–Pontic substrate loanword.

Pronunciation

 

• IPA^(key): /spóŋ.ɡos/ → /ˈspoŋ.ɡos/ → /ˈspoŋ.ɡos/

• (5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /spóŋ.ɡos/
• (1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈspoŋ.ɡos/
• (4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈspoŋ.ɡos/
• (10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈspoŋ.ɡos/
• (15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈspoŋ.ɡos/

Noun

σπόγγος • (spóngos) m (genitive σπόγγου); second declension

1. sponge
2. (anatomy) tonsil

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ σπόγγος; τたうοおみくろんῦ σπόγγου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ σπόγγος ho spóngos	τたうὼ σπόγγω tṑ spóngō	οおみくろんἱ σπόγγοι hoi spóngoi
Genitive	τたうοおみくろんῦ σπόγγου toû spóngou	τたうοおみくろんῖνにゅー σπόγγοιν toîn spóngoin	τたうῶνにゅー σπόγγων tôn spóngōn
Dative	τたうῷ σπόγγῳ tôi spóngōi	τたうοおみくろんῖνにゅー σπόγγοιν toîn spóngoin	τたうοおみくろんῖς σπόγγοις toîs spóngois
Accusative	τたうὸνにゅー σπόγγον tòn spóngon	τたうὼ σπόγγω tṑ spóngō	τたうοおみくろんὺς σπόγγους toùs spóngous
Vocative	σπόγγε spónge	σπόγγω spóngō	σπόγγοι spóngoi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

• → Arabic: إسفنج (ʾisfanj)
  • → Persian: اسفنج (esfanj)
    • → Urdu: اسفنج (isfanj)
• → Aramaic: אספוגא
  • Classical Syriac: ܐܣܦܘܓܐ (ʾespōḡā)
• → Latin: spongia (see there for further descendants)
• → Hebrew: ספוג (səfog)
• → Old Armenian: սպունգ (spung)
  • Armenian: սպունգ (spung)
• ⇒ Greek: σφουγγάρι (sfoungári)
  • → Albanian: sfungjeri
  • → Ottoman Turkish: سونگر (sünger)
    • Turkish: sünger
    • → Albanian: sfungjer
    • → Algerian Arabic: [script needed] (sungāl)
    • → Armenian: սունկար (sunkar), սյունկեր (syunker), սյունգյար (syungyar); սո̈ւնգէր (süngēr), սունգ^յա̈ր (sung^yär); սիւնկէր (siwnkēr)
    • → Azerbaijani: süngər
    • → Bulgarian: сю́нгер (sjúnger)
    • → Macedonian: сунѓер (sunǵer)
    • → Serbo-Croatian:

      Cyrillic script: су̀нђер

      Latin script: sùnđer

Further reading

• “σπόγγος”, in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• σπόγγος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
• σπόγγος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
• G4699 in Strong, James (1979) Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible
• Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎^[1], London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
  • mop idem, page 540.
  • sponge idem, page 804.