つぶし

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Japanese

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Etymology 1

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Alternative spellings
潰つぶせ
潰つぶし

The 連用形れんようけい (ren'yōkei, stem or continuative form) of 潰つぶす (tsubusu, “to crush”).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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つぶし • (tsubushi) 

  1. 潰つぶせ, 潰つぶし: [unknown] the act of crushing
  2. 潰つぶせ, 潰つぶし: [from 1678] the act of melting utensils to ore
  3. 潰つぶせ, 潰つぶし: [from c. 1871 or 1872] Abbreviation of 潰つぶせ島田しまだ (tsubushishimada, “a type of Edo period hairdo by women”).
  4. 潰つぶせ, 潰つぶし: [unknown] the act of destroying; destruction
  5. 潰つぶせ, 潰つぶし: [from 1678] a good-for-nothing
  6. 潰つぶせ, 潰つぶし: [unknown] something timewasting; something time-consuming
  7. 潰つぶせ, 潰つぶし: [unknown] something that obstructs
  8. 潰つぶせ, 潰つぶし: [from 1915] (slang, used by criminals) unlicensed prostitute; vagrant
  9. 潰つぶせ, 潰つぶし: [from c. 1973 or 1974] (dialect, Niigata (Sado, Naka-Kubiki)) an animal such as a horse or a cow that cannot move
  10. 潰つぶせ, 潰つぶし: [from 1974] (dialect, Niigata (Sado)) a weight attached to a fishing line

Etymology 2

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Alternative spelling
腿もも

First cited to a manuscript of the Ruijū Myōgishō of 1241.[2] Cognate with Proto-Ryukyuan *tubusi (“knee”), whence Northern Amami-Oshima ’つぃ゚ぶし (/⁠tzˀɨbuɕi⁠/), Kikai ’とぅぶし (/⁠tˀubuɕi⁠/), Yoron ちんし (/⁠tɕìnɕì⁠/), Kunigami ’ちんし (/⁠tʑˀínɕì⁠/), Okinawan かたつぃんち (/⁠kátátsínɕí⁠/, “part of a knee”) Miyako つぃ゚ぐすぃ゚ (/⁠tsɿgusɿ⁠/), Yaeyama つぃ゚ぶすぃ゚ (/⁠tsɨ́búsɨ̀⁠/), Yonaguni んぶち (/⁠mbútɕí⁠/).

Some sources derive this from つぶぶし (tsububushi, “ankle; knee”), in turn possibly from *粒つぶ節ぶし (tsububushi, literally “grain joint”).[2][3]

Noun

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つぶし • (tsubushi) 

  1. (obsolete) [from 1241] thigh
  2. (obsolete or dialect, Tokushima, Ehime) [from mid-Muromachi period] ankle
    Synonyms: 踝くるぶし (kurubushi, standard), つぶぶし (tsububushi)
  3. (obsolete or dialect, Tokushima, Ehime, Kyūshū) [from 1603] knee
    • 1603–1604, Nippo Jisho:
      [4][5]
      Original text:
      Tçububuxi. Rodela do joelho. (Posi [?])o que agente popular diga, Tçububuxi.
      Tsububushi. The kneecap. The vernacular language uses tsubushi.
      The word highlighted in red is illegible. It looks like Posio with the si having unknown marks on it, but no such word apparently exists.
      Tçubuxi. Idem. X.
      Tsubushi. Same as above. Kyūshū language.
      Translated text:
      Tçububuxi. ツブブシ (つぶぶし) 膝ひざの皿さら(膝蓋骨しつがいこつ). ただし,一般いっぱんの庶民しょみんは Tçubuxi (つぶし) と言いう.
      Tsububushi. Kneecap. The vernacular language calls this tsubushi.
      Tçubuxi. ツブシ (つぶし) 上じょうの条じょう(Tçububuxi)に同おなじ. 下した(X.)の語かたり.
      Tsubushi. Same as tsububushi above. Kyūshū langugage.
  4. (dialect, Wakayama (Hidaka), obsolete?) [from 1931-1938] heel

Etymology 3

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Alternative spelling
陰かげ虱しらみ

Unknown. A surface analysis suggests a compound of tsubu + shi, as noted by the Nihon Kokugo Daijiten.[6]

First cited to a text from 1829.[6]

Noun

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つぶし • (tsubushi) 

  1. 陰かげ虱しらみ: (obsolete) Synonym of 毛虱けじらみ (kejirami, “crab louse”)

References

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  1. ^ “つぶし 【潰つぶせ】”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくご大だい辞典じてん (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎[1] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 “つぶし 【腿もも】”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくご大だい辞典じてん (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎[2] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available 【腿もも】 here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
  3. ^ “つぶし”, in 日本にっぽん方言ほうげん大だい辞典じてん (Nihon Hōgen Daijiten, “Nihon Hōgen Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎[3] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 1989, released online 2016, →ISBN
  4. ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日にち葡辞書しょ: パリ本ほん [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎[4] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, page 488; right side
  5. ^ Doi, Tadao (1603–1604) Hōyaku Nippo Jisho (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Iwanami Shoten, published 1980, →ISBN, page 621.
  6. ↑ 6.0 6.1 “つぶ‐し 【陰かげ虱しらみ】”, in 日本にっぽん国語こくご大だい辞典じてん (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”) Paid subscription required‎[5] (in Japanese), 2nd edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000, released online 2007, →ISBN, concise edition entry available here (Note: Dialectal meanings, etymological theories, pronunciation including modern, dialectal, and historical information, Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai, historical dictionaries containing this word, and the kanji spellings in those dictionaries have been omitted.)
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