より

Japanese

Etymology 1

Alternative spellings
ゟ (archaic) 与あずか利り (archaic)

Originally derived as stem noun form of verb よる (yoru, “to arise from, to start from”), spelled variously in kanji as 因よる, 依よる, 由よる.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [jo̞ɾʲi]

Particle

より • (yori) 

1. than; rather than; more so than

   上うえ(うえ)田た(だ)さんは僕ぼく(ぼく)より背せ(せ)が高こう(たか)い。

   Ueda-san wa boku yori se ga takai.

   Mr. Ueda is taller than I am.

   オレンジより林はやし(りん)檎(ご)が好このみ(す)き。

   Orenji yori ringo ga suki.

   I like apples more than oranges.

2. from, beyond, or past a point in space or time

   ここより危(あぶ)ないですよ。

   Koko yori abunai desu yo.

   It's dangerous past / beyond / from here.

   千せん(ち)歳とし(とせ)より出で(しゅっ)発はつ(ぱつ)します。

   Chitose yori shuppatsu shimasu.

   We depart from Chitose.

   博ひろし(はく)物もの(ぶつ)館たて(かん)の展てん(てん)示しめせ(じ)が 6(ろく)月つき(がつ) 10(とお)日ひ(か)より開ひらく(かい)催(さい)されます。

   Hakubutsukan no tenji ga rokugatsu tōka yori kaisai saremasu.

   The museum exhibit opens from June 10.

Usage notes

The archaic ligature kana ゟ was used for yori from roughly the Edo Period to World War II. It is not used in contemporary Japanese.

Synonyms

• (more emphatic) よりも (yori mo)

Etymology 2

Calque of European grammatical constructions such as English more, leveraging the from, beyond, past sense of the particle.

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) より [yòrí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [jo̞ɾʲi]

Adverb

より • (yori) 

1. more

   より綺あやぎぬ(き)麗うらら(れい)な環たまき(かん)境さかい(きょう)

   yori kirei na kankyō

   a cleaner environment

   • 2019 August 4, QuizKnock [QuizKnock], 最さい弱じゃくオセロAIが弱よわ過すぎて絶対ぜったい勝かっちゃうww本気ほんきで負まけてみた [The weakest Othello AI is so weak that you're guaranteed to win! So we tried to lose]‎^[1]:

     より勝かち(か)っちゃった。

     Yori katchatta.

     You've won more.

Synonyms

• もっと (motto)

Etymology 3

Alternative spelling
寄より

The 連れん(れん)用よう(よう)形かたち(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 寄よせ(よ)る (yoru, “to approach, to draw near”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) より [yòrí] (Heiban – [0])
• IPA^(key): [jo̞ɾʲi]

Noun

より • (yori) 

1. leaning
2. (by extension) tending towards, leaning towards
   • 2016, 永田ながた(ながた)カビ (Nagata Kabi)<t:Kabi Nagata>, さびしすぎてレズ風俗ふうぞく(ふうぞく)に行くだり(い)きましたレポ (Sabishisugite rezu fūzoku ni ikimashita repo) [My Lesbian Experience With Loneliness]:

     あ、触さわ(さわ)りたいところあったら触さわ(さわ)っていいからね。タチ寄よせ(よ)りなだけでリバだから

     A, sawaritai tokoro attara sawatte ii kara ne. Tachi-yori na dake de riba da kara

     Oh, and you can touch me whereever you want to. I'm vers; I just lean towards top.

Verb

より • (yori) 

1. stem or continuative form of よる (yoru) [godan]

Further reading

• レズビアン用語ようご on the Japanese Wikipedia.Wikipedia ^ja

Etymology 4

Alternative spellings
縒より 撚ひねり

The 連れん(れん)用よう(よう)形かたち(けい) (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of the verb 縒よる, 撚よる (yoru, “to twist, to entwine”).

Pronunciation

• (Tokyo) より [yòríꜜ] (Odaka – [2])
• IPA^(key): [jo̞ɾʲi]

Noun

より • (yori) 

1. twisting

Verb

より • (yori) 

1. stem or continuative form of よる (yoru) [godan]