Gall

See also: gall, and gäll

English

Etymology

• As an English, Scottish Gaelic, and Irish surname, of Celtic origin, from Gall (“foreigner”). This is in turn from Latin gallus, which has borrowings (many of which are surnames) in several European languages, such as Czech Havel, Polish Gawel.
• As a Hungarian surname, variant of Gál, itself from the Latin word.

Proper noun

Gall (plural Galls)

1. A surname.

Breton

Etymology

From Latin Gallus, see also Scottish Gaelic Gall.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /ˈɡalː/

Noun

Gall m (plural Gallaoued)

1. (archaic) foreigner
2. (dated) Gaul, Gaulish person
3. Gallo-speaker
4. Frenchman, Romance-speaking person not from Lower Brittany

Inflection

Mutation of Gall

	unmutated	soft	aspirate	hard
singular	Gall	C'hall	unchanged	Kall
plural	Gallaoued	C'hallaoued	unchanged	Kallaoued

Derived terms

• galleg

Related terms

• gallaoueg

Czech

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [ˈɡal]

Proper noun

Gall m anim (female equivalent Gallová)

1. a male surname

Declension

Declension of Gall (hard masculine animate)

	singular	plural
nominative	Gall	Gallové
genitive	Galla	Gallů
dative	Gallovi	Gallům
accusative	Galla	Gally
vocative	Galle	Gallové
locative	Gallovi	Gallech
instrumental	Gallem	Gally

Irish

Etymology

See gall.

Pronunciation

• (Aran) IPA^(key): /ɡɑ(ː)l̪ˠ/
• (Cois Fharraige) IPA^(key): /ɡɑːl̪ˠ/
• (Ulster) IPA^(key): /ɡal̪ˠ/

Noun

Gall m (genitive singular Gaill, nominative plural Gaill)

1. (historical) Gaul (person from Gaul)
2. (historical) Northman, Dane (member of the Germanic tribe inhabiting the Danish islands and parts of southern Sweden)
3. (historical) Norman (member of the mixed Scandinavian and French peoples who, in the 11th century, were a major military power in Western Europe and who conquered the English in 1066), Anglo-Norman (descendant of the Normans who settled in England after the Norman Conquest), Englishman

   Synonym: Normannach

   1. (by extension) Brit

      Synonyms: Briotanach, Sasanach

Declension

Declension of Gall

First declension

Bare forms: Case Singular Plural Nominative Gall Gaill Vocative a Ghaill a Ghalla Genitive Gaill Gall Dative Gall Gaill

Forms with the definite article: Case Singular Plural Nominative an Gall na Gaill Genitive an Ghaill na nGall Dative leis an nGall don Ghall leis na Gaill

Derived terms

• Dún na nGall (“Donegal”)
• Fine Gall (“Fingal”)
• Gall- (“Anglo-”)
• Gall-Ghael m (“person of mixed Irish and foreign descent”)
• Gall-Rómhánach (“Gallo-Roman”)
• Inse Ghall (“the Hebrides”)
• Nua-Ghall m (“later Anglo-Norman or English settler”)
• Sean-Ghall m (“older Anglo-Norman or English settler”)

 

Related terms

• gall

Mutation

Irish mutation
Radical	Lenition	Eclipsis
Gall	Ghall	nGall
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs.

Further reading

• Ó Dónaill, Niall (1977) “Gall”, in Foclóir Gaeilge–Béarla, Dublin: An Gúm, →ISBN
• de Bhaldraithe, Tomás (1959) “Gall”, in English-Irish Dictionary, An Gúm
• “Gall”, in New English-Irish Dictionary, Foras na Gaeilge, 2013-2024

Scottish Gaelic

Alternative forms

• gall

Etymology

From Old Irish gall (“foreigner”), from Latin Gallus (“a Gaul”), from a native Celtic name, the Gauls being the first strangers to visit or be visited by the Irish in Pre-Roman and Roman times. Compare Proto-Celtic *gallos (whence Welsh gal (“enemy, foe”)).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /kaul̪ˠ/

Noun

Gall m (genitive singular Goill, plural Goill)

1. foreigner, alien

   Synonyms: coimheach, coigreach

2. Lowlander (Scottish Lowlands)

Derived terms

• Beurla Ghallta (“Scots”)
• Gallta (“alien, foreign; Lowland”, adjective)

 

Mutation

Mutation of Gall

radical	lenition
Gall	Ghall

Note: Certain mutated forms of some words can never occur in standard Scottish Gaelic.
All possible mutated forms are displayed for convenience.