Reconstruction:Proto-Turkic/yïl

This Proto-Turkic entry contains reconstructed terms and roots. As such, the term(s) in this entry are not directly attested, but are hypothesized to have existed based on comparative evidence.

Proto-Turkic

Noun

*yïl

2. year

Declension

Declension of *yïl

	Singular 3)
Nominative	*yïl
Accusative	*yïlïg, *yïlnï1)
Genitive	*yïlnïŋ
Dative	*yïlka
Locative	*yïlta
Ablative	*yïltan
Allative	*yïlgaru
Instrumental 2)	*yïlïn
Equative 2)	*yïlča
Similative 2)	*yïllayu
Comitative 2)	*yïllïgu

¹⁾ Originally only in pronominal declension.
²⁾ The original instrumental, equative, similative & comitative cases have fallen into disuse in many modern Turkic languages.
³⁾ Plurality is disputed in Proto-Turkic. See also the notes on the Proto-Turkic/Locative-ablative case and plurality page in Wikibooks.

Descendants

• Oghur:
  • Chuvash: ҫул (śul) (< *yāĺ, perhaps blended with *yïl)
• Common Turkic: *yïl

• Arghu:
  • Khalaj: yıl
• Oghuz:
  • Old Anatolian Turkish: ییل (yıl)
    • Azerbaijani: il
    • Ottoman Turkish: ییل (yıl)
      • Gagauz: yıl
      • Turkish: yıl
  • Turkmen: ýyl
• Karluk:
  • Karakhanid: ییل (yïl)
    • Chagatai: ییل (yïl)
      • Uzbek: yil
      • Uyghur: يىل (yil)
• Kipchak:
  • North Kipchak:
    • Tatar: ел (yel)
    • Bashkir: йыл (yıl)
  • West Kipchak:
    • Karachay-Balkar: джыл (cıl)
    • Crimean Tatar: yıl
    • Kumyk: йыл (yıl)
  • South Kipchak:
    • Kazakh: жыл (jyl)
    • Karakalpak: жыл (jıl)
    • Nogai: йыл (yıl)
  • East Kipchak:
    • Kyrgyz: жыл (jıl)
    • Southern Altai: јыл (ǰïl)
• Siberian:
  • Old Turkic: 𐰘𐰃𐰞 (y²il¹ /⁠yïl⁠/)
    • Old Uyghur:
      • Western Yugur: [script needed] (yil)
  • North Siberian
    • Yakut: сыл (sıl)
    • Dolgan: һыл
  • South Siberian
    • Sayan Turkic
      • Tuvan: чыл (çıl)
      • Tofa: чыл
    • Yenisei Turkic
      • Chulym: чыл
      • Northern Altai: чыл (čïl)
      • Shor: чыл
      • Khakas: чыл (çıl)
• → Proto-Mongolic: *ǯil
  • Mongolian: жил (žil)
  • Buryat: жэл (žel)
  • Kalmyk: җил (jil)

References

• Clauson, Gerard (1972) “”, in An Etymological Dictionary of pre-thirteenth-century Turkish, Oxford: Clarendon Press, page 917
• Räsänen, Martti (1969) Versuch eines etymologischen Wörterbuchs der Türksprachen (in German), Helsinki: Suomalais-ugrilainen seura, page 105
• Sevortjan, E. V., Levitskaja, L. S. (1989) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ tjurkskix jazykov [Etymological Dictionary of Turkic Languages] (in Russian), volume IV, Moscow: Nauka, page 275
• Starostin, Sergei, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg (2003) “*jɨl”, in Etymological dictionary of the Altaic languages (Handbuch der Orientalistik; VIII.8)‎^[1], Leiden, New York, Köln: E.J. Brill
• Tenišev E. R., editor (1984–2006), Sravnitelʹno-istoričeskaja grammatika tjurkskix jazykov: [Comparative Historical Grammar of Turkic Languages:] (in Russian), Moscow: Nauka, pages 70-71