brwydro
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Welsh
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Pronunciation
[edit]- (North Wales) IPA(key): /ˈbrʊɨ̯drɔ/
- (South Wales) IPA(key): /ˈbrʊi̯drɔ/
- Rhymes: -ʊɨ̯drɔ
Verb
[edit]brwydro (first-person singular present brwydraf)
- (intransitive) to battle, to fight
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation (literary)
singular | plural | impersonal | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |||
present indicative/future | brwydraf | brwydri | brwydra | brwydrwn | brwydrwch | brwydrant | brwydrir | |
imperfect (indicative/subjunctive)/ conditional |
brwydrwn | brwydrit | brwydrai | brwydrem | brwydrech | brwydrent | brwydrid | |
preterite | brwydrais | brwydraist | brwydrodd | brwydrasom | brwydrasoch | brwydrasant | brwydrwyd | |
pluperfect | brwydraswn | brwydrasit | brwydrasai | brwydrasem | brwydrasech | brwydrasent | brwydrasid, brwydresid | |
present subjunctive | brwydrwyf | brwydrych | brwydro | brwydrom | brwydroch | brwydront | brwydrer | |
imperative | — | brwydra | brwydred | brwydrwn | brwydrwch | brwydrent | brwydrer | |
verbal noun | brwydro | |||||||
verbal adjectives | brwydredig brwydradwy |
Conjugation (colloquial)
Inflected colloquial forms | singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
first | second | third | first | second | third | |
future | brwydra i, brwydraf i | brwydri di | brwydrith o/e/hi, brwydriff e/hi | brwydrwn ni | brwydrwch chi | brwydran nhw |
conditional | brwydrwn i, brwydrswn i | brwydret ti, brwydrset ti | brwydrai fo/fe/hi, brwydrsai fo/fe/hi | brwydren ni, brwydrsen ni | brwydrech chi, brwydrsech chi | brwydren nhw, brwydrsen nhw |
preterite | brwydrais i, brwydres i | brwydraist ti, brwydrest ti | brwydrodd o/e/hi | brwydron ni | brwydroch chi | brwydron nhw |
imperative | — | brwydra | — | — | brwydrwch | — |
Note: All other forms are periphrastic, as usual in colloquial Welsh. |
Derived terms
[edit]- brwydrwr (“battler, fighter”)
Mutation
[edit]Welsh mutation | |||
---|---|---|---|
radical | soft | nasal | aspirate |
brwydro | frwydro | mrwydro | unchanged |
Note: Some of these forms may be hypothetical. Not every possible mutated form of every word actually occurs. |
Further reading
[edit]- R. J. Thomas, G. A. Bevan, P. J. Donovan, A. Hawke et al., editors (1950–present), “brwydro”, in Geiriadur Prifysgol Cymru Online (in Welsh), University of Wales Centre for Advanced Welsh & Celtic Studies