cavus
English
[edit]Etymology
[edit]Unadapted borrowing from Latin cavus (“a hollow, hole”). Doublet of cave and cavum.
Pronunciation
[edit]Noun
[edit]cavus (plural cavi)
- (geology) In planetary geology, an irregular steep-sided depression that does not seem to be an impact crater.
Related terms
[edit]Anagrams
[edit]Latin
[edit]Etymology
[edit]From Proto-Italic *kawos, possibly from Proto-Indo-European *ḱowh₁ós (“hollow”), from *ḱewh₁- (“to swell”).[1] Related to Old Irish cúas (“hollow, cavity”), Tocharian B kor (“throat”), Albanian cup (“odd, uneven”), Ancient Greek
Pronunciation
[edit]- (Classical Latin) IPA(key): /ˈka.u̯us/, [ˈkäu̯ʊs̠]
- (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA(key): /ˈka.vus/, [ˈkäːvus]
Adjective
[edit]cavus (feminine cava, neuter cavum, comparative cavior); first/second-declension adjective
- hollow, hollowed out, cavernous, concave
- Antonym: plēnus
- 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.81–82:
- Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversā cuspide montem
impulit in latus [...].- As soon as these words were said, [King Aeolus], with [his] lance-head turned over, struck the hollow mountain on [its] side [...].
(The A-B-B-A pattern known as chiasmus: “cavum conversa cuspide montem.” This example separates the adjective “cavum” from its noun “montem,” and creates rhythmical alliteration and consonance through three successive hard “c” sounds. In addition, the Latin word order in lines 81-82 builds tension: The reader first pictures the hollow mountain, next the king dramatically overturning his spear towards it, and lastly striking his spear against the mountainside.)
- As soon as these words were said, [King Aeolus], with [his] lance-head turned over, struck the hollow mountain on [its] side [...].
- Haec ubi dicta, cavum conversā cuspide montem
- excavated, channeled
- vain, empty
- Synonym: inānis
Inflection
[edit]First/second-declension adjective.
Number | Singular | Plural | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Case / Gender | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | Masculine | Feminine | Neuter | |
Nominative | cavus | cava | cavum | cavī | cavae | cava | |
Genitive | cavī | cavae | cavī | cavōrum | cavārum | cavōrum | |
Dative | cavō | cavō | cavīs | ||||
Accusative | cavum | cavam | cavum | cavōs | cavās | cava | |
Ablative | cavō | cavā | cavō | cavīs | |||
Vocative | cave | cava | cavum | cavī | cavae | cava |
Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]Noun
[edit]cavus m (genitive cavī); second declension
- Alternative form of cavum.
Inflection
[edit]Second-declension noun.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | cavus | cavī |
Genitive | cavī | cavōrum |
Dative | cavō | cavīs |
Accusative | cavum | cavōs |
Ablative | cavō | cavīs |
Vocative | cave | cavī |
Descendants
[edit]References
[edit]- Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume 2, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 592
- “cavus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- “cavus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- cavus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
- cavus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
- ^ De Vaan, Michiel (2008) “cavus”, in Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 101-2
- English terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewh₁-
- English terms borrowed from Latin
- English unadapted borrowings from Latin
- English terms derived from Latin
- English doublets
- English 2-syllable words
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- Rhymes:English/eɪvəs
- Rhymes:English/eɪvəs/2 syllables
- English lemmas
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- English countable nouns
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- en:Geology
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ḱewh₁-
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms derived from Proto-Italic
- Latin terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European
- Latin 2-syllable words
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- Latin nouns
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