fumus

Esperanto

Pronunciation

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Verb

fumus

1. conditional of fumi

Ido

Verb

fumus

1. conditional of fumar

Latin

Etymology

From Proto-Italic *fūmos, from earlier *θしーたūmos, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Cognates include Ancient Greek θしーたῡμός (thūmós), Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá) and Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ), English dust.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈfuː.mus/, [ˈfuːmʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈfu.mus/, [ˈfuːmus]

Noun

fūmus m (genitive fūmī); second declension

1. smoke, steam, fume
   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 2.608–609:

     “‘Hīc, ubi disiectās mōlēs āvolsaque saxīs
     saxa vidēs mixtōque undantem pulvere fūmum, [...].’”

     “‘Here, where piles [of masonry] have been scattered, and stones torn from stone, and you see billowing smoke mixed with dust, [...].’”
     (The destruction of Troy.)

2. indication, sign

   fūmus bonī iūris ― sign of good law

Declension

Second-declension noun.

Case	Singular	Plural
Nominative	fūmus	fūmī
Genitive	fūmī	fūmōrum
Dative	fūmō	fūmīs
Accusative	fūmum	fūmōs
Ablative	fūmō	fūmīs
Vocative	fūme	fūmī

Derived terms

• fūmārium
• fūmeus
• fūmidus
• fūmifer
• fūmificus
• fūmigō
• fūmō
• fūmōsus

 

Related terms

• fūmōs vēndō, fūmum vēndō

Descendants

• Aromanian: fum
• Asturian: fumu
• Catalan: fum
• English: fume
• Franco-Provençal: fom
• Friulian: fum
• Istriot: fòumo
• Italian: fumo
• Occitan: fum, hum
• Old French: fum
• ⇒ Old French: fumee
  • Middle French: fumee, fumée
    • French: fumée
• Old Galician-Portuguese: fumo, fume
  • Galician: fume, fumo
  • Portuguese: fumo
    • Guinea-Bissau Creole: fumu
    • Kabuverdianu: fumu
    • → Hunsrik: Fumm
• Old Spanish: fumo
  • Ladino: fumo, umo
  • Spanish: humo, fumo (archaic)
    • Papiamentu: huma
• Romanian: fum
• Romansch: fim
• Sardinian: fummu, fumu
• Sicilian: fumu
• Vulgar Latin: *affumāre (see there for further descendants)

References

• “fumus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “fumus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• fumus in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition with additions by D. P. Carpenterius, Adelungius and others, edited by Léopold Favre, 1883–1887)
• fumus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.