ginti
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Aromanian
[edit]Noun
[edit]ginti f
- Alternative form of gintã
Lithuanian
[edit]Etymology 1
[edit]From Proto-Balto-Slavic, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰen-.[1][2]
Cognate with Latvian dzīt,[2] Old Prussian guntwei,[2] Polish gnać (“to rush”),[2][3] Ancient Greek θείνω (theínō, “to kill”)[2] and Sanskrit हन्ति (hánti, “to slay”).[2] See also ganýti (“to graze”).
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio; “giñti”: (file)
Verb
[edit]giñti (third-person present tense gẽna, third-person past tense gìnė) [4]
- (transitive) to drive (especially animals)
- to chase
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of ginti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
genu | geni | gena | gename, genam |
genate, genat |
gena | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
giniau | ginei | ginė | ginėme, ginėm |
ginėte, ginėt |
ginė | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
gindavau | gindavai | gindavo | gindavome, gindavom |
gindavote, gindavot |
gindavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
ginsiu | ginsi | gins | ginsime, ginsim |
ginsite, ginsit |
gins | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
ginčiau | gintum | gintų | gintumėme, gintumėm, gintume |
gintumėte, gintumėt |
gintų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | gink, ginki |
tegena | ginkime, ginkim |
ginkite, ginkit |
tegena | ||
Participles of ginti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | genąs, genantis | genamas | |
| past | ginęs | gintas | |
| past frequentative | gindavęs | — | |
| future | ginsiąs, ginsiantis | ginsimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | gintinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | gindamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | genant | |
| past | ginus | ||
| past frequentative | gindavus | ||
| future | ginsiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | ginte, gintinai | ||
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]- (verbal noun) ginimas m
Related terms
[edit]Participle
[edit]gintì m (past passive)
Etymology 2
[edit]Probably the same as Etymology 1, though the origin of the acute tone is unclear.[5]
Pronunciation
[edit]Audio; “gìnti”: (file)
Verb
[edit]gìnti (third-person present tense gìna, third-person past tense gýnė) [6]
- (transitive) to defend[7]
- to prohibit
Conjugation
[edit]Conjugation of ginti
| singular (vienaskaita) |
plural (daugiskaita) | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) |
1st person (pirmasis asmuo) |
2nd person (antrasis asmuo) |
3rd person (trečiasis asmuo) | |||
| aš | tu | jis/ji | mes | jūs | jie/jos | |||
| indicative (tiesioginė nuosaka) |
present (esamasis laikas) |
ginù | ginì | gìna | gìname, gìnam |
gìnate, gìnat |
gìna | |
| past (būtasis kartinis laikas) |
gýnau | gýnai | gýno | gýnome, gýnom |
gýnote, gýnot |
gýno | ||
| past frequentative (būtasis dažninis laikas) |
giñdavau | giñdavai | giñdavo | giñdavome, giñdavom |
giñdavote, giñdavot |
giñdavo | ||
| future (būsimasis laikas) |
giñsiu | giñsi | giñs | giñsime, giñsim |
giñsite, giñsit |
giñs | ||
| subjunctive (tariamoji nuosaka) |
giñčiau | giñtum | giñtų | giñtumėme, giñtumėm, giñtume |
giñtumėte, giñtumėt |
giñtų | ||
| imperative (liepiamoji nuosaka) |
— | giñk, giñki |
tegìna | giñkime, giñkim |
giñkite, giñkit |
tegìna | ||
Participles of ginti
| Adjectival (dalyviai) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| active | passive | ||
| present | gìnąs, gìnantis | gìnamas | |
| past | gýnęs | giñtas | |
| past frequentative | giñdavęs | — | |
| future | giñsiąs, giñsiantis | giñsimas | |
| participle of necessity | — | giñtinas | |
| Adverbial | |||
| special (pusdalyvis) | giñdamas | ||
| half-participle (padalyviai) |
present | gìnant | |
| past | gýnus | ||
| past frequentative | giñdavus | ||
| future | giñsiant | ||
| manner of action (būdinys) | giñte, giñtinai | ||
Synonyms
[edit]Derived terms
[edit]Related terms
[edit]- (Noun) gyna f
Participle
[edit]gintì m (past passive)
References
[edit]- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “ginti I”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 177
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5 Derksen, Rick (2008) Etymological Dictionary of the Slavic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 4), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 197
- ^ Brückner, Aleksander (1927) “gnać”, in Słownik etymologiczny języka polskiego [Etymological Dictionary of the Polish Language] (in Polish), Warsaw: Wiedza Powszechna, page 146
- ^ “giñti” in Balčikonis, Juozas et al. (1954), Dabartinės lietuvių kalbos žodynas. Vilnius: Valstybinė politinės ir mokslinės literatūros leidykla.
- ^ Derksen, Rick (2015) “ginti II”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Baltic Inherited Lexicon (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 13), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 177-8
- ^ “gìnti” in Balčikonis, op. cit.
- ^ “ginti” in Martsinkyavitshute, Victoria (1993), Hippocrene Concise Dictionary: Lithuanian-English/English-Lithuanian. New York: Hippocrene Books. →ISBN
Categories:
- Aromanian lemmas
- Aromanian nouns
- Aromanian feminine nouns
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Indo-European
- Lithuanian terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *gʷʰen-
- Lithuanian terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic
- Lithuanian terms with audio pronunciation
- Lithuanian lemmas
- Lithuanian verbs
- Lithuanian transitive verbs
- Lithuanian non-lemma forms
- Lithuanian participle forms