jj

See also: JJ, and JJ.

Egyptian

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːjit/ → /ˈjiːjiʔ/ → /ˈʔiːʔə/ → /ʔiːʔ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːjit/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjiːjiʔ/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈʔiːʔə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ʔiːʔ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /iʔi/
  • Conventional anglicization: ii

Verb

 anom.

1. (intransitive) to arrive, to come to a certain place (+ r or n: to (a place, person, thing, etc.); + ḫr: to (someone of higher status); + m: from (a place), into (something), by means of (a vehicle), as (a role); + ḥr: to, upon (something), from, for the sake of; + m-dj: from (someone))
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 119–121:

     jw dpt r jjt m ẖnw sqdw jm.s rḫ.n.k

     A boat is to come from home with sailors in it whom you know.

2. (intransitive) to come here, to move from further to nearby
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 60–62:

     kf.n.j ḥr.j gm.n.j ḥfꜣw pw jw.f m jjt

     When I uncovered my face, I found it was a snake. He was coming!

3. (intransitive) to return, to come back

   jj m ḥtp

   to return safely or fortunately, to come (back) in peace

   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) lines 7–8:

     jzwt.n jj.t(j) ꜥd.t(j) nn nhw n mšꜥ.n

     Our crew has returned intact, without loss to our expedition.

4. (intransitive, of future events, time, old age, etc.) to come to pass or come to be, to come, to arrive
5. (intransitive, with r and following infinitive) to come (to do something)

Usage notes

By Middle Egyptian, this verb and its synonym jwj were apparently conflated into one, with some inflections of the verb using one stem and some using the other.

Inflection

Conjugation of jj (anomalous / anom.) — base stem: j, jj, jw, geminated stem: jw, jww

infinitival forms			imperative
infinitive	negatival complement	complementary infinitive1	singular	plural
jt, jjt, jwt	jw	jwt	mj, jj, jw	mj, my, jj, jw

‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem	periphrastic imperfective2		periphrastic prospective2
jj5, jw5	ḥr jt, ḥr jjt, ḥr jwt	m jt, m jjt, m jwt	r jt, r jjt, r jwt

suffix conjugation
aspect / mood	active	contingent
		aspect / mood	active
perfect	jj.n, jw.n	consecutive	jw.jn, jj.jn
terminative	jt, jyt, jjt, jwt
perfective3	jw, jj	obligative1	jw.ḫr
imperfective	jw, jj, jy
prospective3	jw, jwy	potentialis1	jw.kꜣ
subjunctive	jwt

verbal adjectives
aspect / mood	relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms	participles
	active	active	passive
perfect	j.n, jj.n	—	—
perfective	j	jj, jy	—
imperfective	jw, jww, jyw	jwy	—
prospective	—	jwtj4, jwt4
Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, dual .sn/.snj, plural .sn. Third-person masculine statives of this verb often have a final -y instead of the expected stative ending.

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jj  

jj	jj	jj	jj
[Old Kingdom]	[Middle Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]	[New Kingdom]

Derived terms

• jj.tj
• jjwj
• jj-m-ḥtp
• jyt
• jw-snb
• nfrt-jj.tj

 

Descendants

• Demotic: jj, jw
  • Akhmimic Coptic: ⲉⲓ (ei)
  • Bohairic Coptic: ⲓ (i)
  • Fayyumic Coptic: ⲓ (i), ⲉⲓ (ei)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲉⲓ (ei)

References

• “jy (lemma ID 21300)” and “jy (lemma ID 851687)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[1], Corpus issue 18, Web app version 2.1.5, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–26 July 2023
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[2], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 37.1–37.36
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 10
• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, pages 159, 455.

Hadza

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /t͜ʃʼ/

Letter

jj (upper case Jj)

1. A letter of the practical Hadza alphabet.

Maltese

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): (to one person) /ˈjɛk ˈjɔːd͡ʒ.bɔk/, (to many) /ˈjɛk jɔˈd͡ʒɔp.kɔm/
• IPA^(key): (to one person) /ˈjɛk ˈjɔˤːd͡ʒ.bɔk/, (to many) /ˈjɛk jɔˤːˈd͡ʒɔp.kɔm/ (archaic)

Interjection

jj

1. Abbreviation of jekk jogħġbok.
2. Abbreviation of jekk jogħġobkom.

Tarifit

Alternative forms

• ejj, ǧ

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Verb

jj (Tifinagh spelling ⵊⵊ)

1. (transitive) to let, to leave
2. (transitive) to abandon
3. (transitive) to save, to keep (something for someone)
4. (transitive) to bequeath
5. (transitive) to create, to birth, to beget
6. (transitive) to allow, to tolerate

Conjugation

This verb needs an inflection-table template.

Derived terms

• Verbal noun: timejja (“action of being left alone”)
• Passive: twajj (“to be left alone”)
• mejj (“to have been left”)