jtrw

Egyptian

FWOTD – 30 March 2015

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈjatɾaw/ → /ˈjatɾaw/ → /ˈjaʔɾə/ → /ˈjaʔɾ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjatɾaw/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjatɾaw/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjaʔɾə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈjaʔɾ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /itɛruː/
  • Conventional anglicization: iteru

Noun

 m

1. river
2. The Nile River.

   Synonym: ḥꜥpj

Inflection

Declension of jtrw (masculine)

singular	jtrw
dual	jtrwwj
plural	jtrww

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of jtrw  

jtrw	jtrw	jtrw	jtr	jtry	jtrw	jtr	jtrw

Derived terms

• kꜣt jtrw (“seasonal work”)
• jw-m-jtrw

Descendants

• Demotic: ⁠⁠⁠⁠ (yr)
  • Coptic: ⲉⲓⲟⲟⲣ (eioor) (Sahidic), ⲓⲟⲣ (ior) (Bohairic)
• ⇒ Demotic: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (yr-ꜥꜣ)
  • Coptic: ⲉⲓⲉⲣⲟ (eiero) (Sahidic), ⲓⲁⲣⲟ (iaro) (Bohairic)
  • → Old Persian: 𐎱𐎡𐎼𐎠𐎺 (Pirāva)
  • → Achaemenid Elamite: [script needed] ([^hPi-ra]-ma)
  • → Neo-Assyrian: 𒅀𒊒𒀪𒌑 (ia-ru-ʾu-u₂)
• → Hebrew: יְאוֹר \ יְאֹר (ye'ór)

Noun

 m

1. a schene, a measure of length equivalent to 20,000 mḥw (“cubits”) (about 10.5 kilometres or 6.5 miles).
   • c. 1401 BCE, Amduat of Amenhotep II (tomb of Amenhotep II, KV35) First Hour, introduction, right parallel, line 10, upper and lower divisions:

     št-mḏwtj jtrw ⟨pḥrt ꜥrr(w)t tn⟩ n(j) sprt wjꜣ dwꜣtjw

     Running to this gateway takes a hundred and twenty schenes before the barque reaches the afterworlders.

Inflection

Declension of jtrw (masculine)

singular	jtrw
dual	jtrwwj
plural	jtrww

References

• James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 105.
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN