penitus

Latin

Etymology 1

From the root of penus (“food, provisions”) and penes (“in the control of”). De Vaan reconstructs an extended stem *pen-et- as the source of penes, penitus and penetrō. The adverb appears to be formed as pen-o-/pen-u- (root of the noun penus) +‎ -tus (adverb-forming suffix).

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /ˈpe.ni.tus/, [ˈpɛnɪt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈpe.ni.tus/, [ˈpɛːnit̪us]

Adverb

penitus (not comparable)

1. inwardly, inside

   Synonyms: intrō, intrā

   Antonyms: forās, forīs, extrīnsecus

2. (from) within
3. thoroughly, (not) at all

   Synonyms: omnīnō, prorsus, funditus

4. within, far, far down, far away, deeply

   Synonym: altē

   • 29 BCE – 19 BCE, Virgil, Aeneid 1.509–512:

     cum subitō Aenēās concursū accēdere magnō
     Anthea Sergestumque videt fortemque Cloanthum,
     Teucrōrumque aliōs, āter quōs aequore turbō
     dispulerat penitusque aliās āvēxerat ōrās.

     When suddenly Aeneas sees, approaching through the massive assembly, Antheus, Sergestus, and brave Cloanthus, and other Trojans, whom the dark whirlwind had scattered in the sea and had carried far away to other shores.

Derived terms

• penetrō

Adjective

penitus (feminine penita, neuter penitum, comparative penitior, superlative penitissimus); first/second-declension adjective

1. inner, inward

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	penitus	penita	penitum		penitī	penitae	penita
genitive	penitī	penitae	penitī		penitōrum	penitārum	penitōrum
dative	penitō	penitae	penitō		penitīs
accusative	penitum	penitam	penitum		penitōs	penitās	penita
ablative	penitō	penitā	penitō		penitīs
vocative	penite	penita	penitum		penitī	penitae	penita

Etymology 2

From pēnis (“tail”) +‎ -ītus.

Pronunciation

• (Classical Latin) IPA^(key): /peːˈniː.tus/, [peːˈniːt̪ʊs̠]
• (modern Italianate Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /peˈni.tus/, [peˈniːt̪us]

Adjective

pēnītus (feminine pēnīta, neuter pēnītum); first/second-declension adjective

1. (rare) having a tail

   Synonym: caudātus

Declension

First/second-declension adjective.

	singular				plural
	masculine	feminine	neuter		masculine	feminine	neuter
nominative	pēnītus	pēnīta	pēnītum		pēnītī	pēnītae	pēnīta
genitive	pēnītī	pēnītae	pēnītī		pēnītōrum	pēnītārum	pēnītōrum
dative	pēnītō	pēnītae	pēnītō		pēnītīs
accusative	pēnītum	pēnītam	pēnītum		pēnītōs	pēnītās	pēnīta
ablative	pēnītō	pēnītā	pēnītō		pēnītīs
vocative	pēnīte	pēnīta	pēnītum		pēnītī	pēnītae	pēnīta

Further reading

• “penitus”, in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• “penitus”, in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• penitus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire illustré latin-français, Hachette.
• Carl Meißner, Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎^[1], London: Macmillan and Co.
  • a thing has been vividly impressed on our[TR1] memory: aliquid in memoria nostra penitus insidet
    
  • to have a thorough grasp of a subject: penitus percipere et comprehendere aliquid (De Or. 1. 23. 108)
    
  • a thing is deeply impressed on the mind: aliquid in animo haeret, penitus insedit or infixum est
    
  • to impress a thing on one's memory, mind: aliquid animo mentique penitus mandare (Catil. 1. 11. 27)
    
  • to be well acquainted with the views of philosophers: praecepta philosophorum (penitus) percepta habere
    
  • he is in a suspicious mood: suspicio ei penitus inhaeret
    
  • to destroy superstition root and branch: superstitionem radicitus or penitus evellere