pr

See also: Pr, PR, .pr, -pr-, P.R., Pr., pr., and P+R

English

Adjective

pr

1. Abbreviation of present.

Demotic

Etymology

From Egyptian (pr, “house”).

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): /pʰoːɾ/ (stressed), IPA^(key): /pəɾ/ (unstressed)

Noun

 m

1. temple
2. house
3. palace

Usage notes

This word is almost entirely restricted to compounds. Contrary to earlier Egyptian, the ordinary word for house in Demotic is ꜥ.wy.

Alternative forms

• (pr)

Descendants

• Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲉⲣ- (per-), -ⲡⲱⲣ (-pōr)

References

• Erichsen, Wolja (1954) Demotisches Glossar, Copenhagen: Ejnar Munksgaard, page 132
• Johnson, Janet (2000) Thus Wrote ꜥOnchsheshonqy: An Introductory Grammar of Demotic‎^[1], third edition, Chicago: The Oriental Institute of the University of Chicago, →ISBN, page 9
• Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 127

Egyptian

Etymology

Possibly from a form such as Proto-Afroasiatic *par- (“house”). Compare also Proto-Berber *farr (“enclosure”).

Pronunciation

 

• (reconstructed) IPA^(key): /ˈpaːɾuw/ → /ˈpaːɾuw/ → /ˈpaːɾə/ → /poːɾ/

• (Old Egyptian, c. 2500 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈpaːɾuw/
• (Middle Egyptian, c. 1700 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈpaːɾuw/
• (Amarna-period Late Egyptian, c. 1350 BCE) IPA^(key): /ˈpaːɾə/
• (latest Late Egyptian, c. 800 BCE) IPA^(key): /poːɾ/

• (modern Egyptological) IPA^(key): /pɛr/
  • Conventional anglicization: per

Noun

 m

1. house
   • c. 2000 BCE – 1900 BCE, Tale of the Shipwrecked Sailor (pHermitage/pPetersburg 1115) line 158:

     ꜥḥꜥ.n ḏd.n.f n.j snb.t(j) zpwj snwj nḏs r pr.k

     Then he said to me, Safe travels, safe travels, little man, to your house!

2. household, inhabitants of a house collectively
3. property collectively, possessions, estate
4. (Late Egyptian) garden or estate as a piece of land
5. (of the king) palace
6. (of gods) temple
7. (of gods) temple property and administration, temple estate
8. (of the dead) tomb
9. (usually with qualifying word) building with some other particular use
10. (rare) nest (of the bꜣybꜣy insect) [Medical Papyri]
11. case, chest, holder (for ointments, bows, mirrors, etc.)

Inflection

Declension of pr (masculine u-stem)

singular	pr
dual	prwj
plural	prw

Alternative forms

Alternative hieroglyphic writings of pr  

pr

Derived terms

• jmj-r-pr (“steward”)
• jmt-pr (“last will and testament”)
• pr.sn (“home”)
• pryt (“collection of buildings, compound”)
• pr-ꜥꜣ (“palace, Pharaoh”)
• pr-ꜥnḫ (“temple scriptorium”)
• pr-ꜥḥꜣw (“arsenal”)
• pr-wꜣḏ (“city of Per-Wadjet”)
• pr-wr (“the temple at Nekheb”)
• pr-bꜣstt
• pr-bjtj (“palace of the king of Lower Egypt”)
• pr-mꜣ
• pr-ms
• pr-mḏꜣt (“library”)
• pr-nw (“the temple of Wadjet at Per-Wadjet”)
• pr-nbw (“treasury”)
• pr nfr (“mortuary”)
• pr n nḥḥ (“tomb”)
• pr-nzr (“temple of Wadjet at Per-Wadjet”)
• pr-nswt (“palace, temple”)
• pr ḥrj (“upstairs”)
• pr-ḥḏ (“treasury”)
• pr-ḫnr (“harem”)
• pr ẖrj (“downstairs”)
• pr-šnꜥ (“work camp”)
• pr-dwꜣt (“dressing room”)
• pr-dšr (“Treasury of Lower Egypt”)
• pr-ḏt (“funerary estate”)
• m prwj
• nbt-pr (“lady of the house”)
• r-pr
• ḥrj-pr
• ḥr-m-pr.f
• ḥrt-pr
• ḫt pr (“property”)
• zꜣ-pr
• smsw-pr
• grg pr

 

Descendants

• Demotic: (pr)
  • Sahidic Coptic: ⲡⲉⲣ- (per-), -ⲡⲱⲣ (-pōr)

References

• “pr (lemma ID 60220)”, in Thesaurus Linguae Aegyptiae‎^[2], Corpus issue 17, Web app version 2.01 edition, Tonio Sebastian Richter & Daniel A. Werning by order of the Berlin-Brandenburgische Akademie der Wissenschaften and Hans-Werner Fischer-Elfert & Peter Dils by order of the Sächsische Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Leipzig, 2004–15 December 2022
• Erman, Adolf, Grapow, Hermann (1926) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache‎^[3], volume 1, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, pages 511.7–516.1
• Faulkner, Raymond Oliver (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 89

Romanian

Etymology

Onomatopoeic.

Interjection

pr

1. the sound of an object cracking

References

• pr in Academia Română, Micul dicționar academic, ediția a II-a, Bucharest: Univers Enciclopedic, 2010. →ISBN

Swedish

Etymology 1

Borrowed from English PR (“public relations”). First attested in 1959

Alternative forms

• PR

Noun

pr c

1. PR, public relations
   • 2016 July 6, Mårten Färlin, “Niveas galna bajsattack för barn som vägrar solskydd: Fjärrstyrd mås gör luftangrepp [Nivea's crazy poop attack for kids who refuse sunscreen: Remote-controlled seagull makes airstrike]”, in Resumé:

     Kundens pr-avdelning vill inte få pr för filmen, så vi marknadsför den inte, säger en av byråns representanter.

     The client's PR department doesn't want publicity for the ad, so we are not marketing it, says one of the agency's representatives.

2. (by extention) publicity (resulting from PR or similar activities)
   • 2016 July 6, Mårten Färlin, “Niveas galna bajsattack för barn som vägrar solskydd: Fjärrstyrd mås gör luftangrepp [Nivea's crazy poop attack for kids who refuse sunscreen: Remote-controlled seagull makes airstrike]”, in Resumé:

     Kundens pr-avdelning vill inte få pr för filmen, så vi marknadsför den inte, säger en av byråns representanter.

     The client's PR department doesn't want publicity for the ad, so we are not marketing it, says one of the agency's representatives.

Derived terms

• pr-avdelning (“PR department”)
• pr-bransch (“PR sector”)
• pr-byrå (“PR agency”)
• pr-konsult (“PR consult”)

Etymology 2

1. Alternative spelling of per (“per; by”)
   • 1963, Margit Abenius, Memoarer från det inre, page 130:

     Harry tyckte det var bra sorgligt och det hade man verkligen inte tänkt sig, att den som en gång stått och eldat upp 24 ton kol pr dygn, nu hade kunnat sjunka så djupt att han fick elda med några ved trän.

     Harry thought it was really sad, and no one could have imagined that someone who once shoveled 24 tons of coal per day could sink so low that he had to burn a few logs of wood.

   • 1982, Barbro Alving, Klipp ur nuets historia, pages 146, 176:

     Även på annat märktes också vilken dag det var: kronprinsen kom pr flyg från Sofiero, det blev stockning på telefon och folk stod upp på restaurangerna inför alla sånger av fosterländsk art. […] I måndags morse bröts all järnvägsförbindelse med Trondheim åt alla håll; jämnt 24 timmar har det sedan dess tagit mig att nå svenska gränsen pr bil, lastbil och buss, pr mjölkskjuts efter mobiliseringshästen Johannes, pr vandring med vit parlamentärflagg mellan de tyska och norska eldlinjerna och pr promenad 30 km på järnvägssyllar.

     Even in other ways it was noticeable what day it was: the crown prince came by plane from Sofiero, there was a jam on the phones, and people stood up in restaurants for all the patriotic songs. […] On Monday morning, all rail connections with Trondheim were cut off in all directions; it has since then taken me exactly 24 hours to reach the Swedish border by car, truck, and bus, by milk cart with the mobilization horse Johannes, by walking with a white parliamentary flag between the German and Norwegian front lines, and by walking 30 km on railway ties.

2. Alternative letter-case form of PR (“poste restante”).

References

• pr in Svenska Akademiens ordbok (SAOB)