ruken

See also: rüken

Middle Dutch

Etymology

From Old Dutch *rūcan, from Proto-West Germanic *reukan, from Proto-Germanic *reukaną.

Verb

ruken

1. to smell, to perceive a smell
2. to smell, to emit a smell

Inflection

Strong class 2
Infinitive	ruken
3rd sg. past	rôoc
3rd pl. past	rōken
Past participle	gerōken
Infinitive	ruken
In genitive	rukens
In dative	rukene
Indicative	Present	Past
1st singular	ruke	rôoc
2nd singular	ruucs, rukes	rōocs, rōkes
3rd singular	ruuct, ruket	rôoc
1st plural	ruken	rōken
2nd plural	ruuct, ruket	rōoct, rōket
3rd plural	ruken	rōken
Subjunctive	Present	Past
1st singular	ruke	rōke
2nd singular	ruucs, rukes	rōkes
3rd singular	ruke	rōke
1st plural	ruken	rōken
2nd plural	ruuct, ruket	rōket
3rd plural	ruken	rōken
Imperative	Present
Singular	ruuc, ruke
Plural	ruuct, ruket
	Present	Past
Participle	rukende	gerōken

Alternative forms

• rieken
• riken

Descendants

• Dutch: ruiken, rieken
  • Afrikaans: ruik
• Limburgish: ruke

Further reading

• “ruken (II)”, in Vroegmiddelnederlands Woordenboek, 2000
• Verwijs, E., Verdam, J. (1885–1929) “ruken”, in Middelnederlandsch Woordenboek, The Hague: Martinus Nijhoff, →ISBN