Copley medal

Copley medal on teadusauhind, mida annab välja Londoni Kuninglik Ühing. Auhinda antakse välja silmapaistvate saavutuste eest bioloogia ja füüsika teadussuundades. Copley medalit antakse välja igal aastal ning see on tõenäoliselt vanim ja siiani kõige kauem välja antud teadusauhind maailmas. Esimene medal anti välja 1731. aastal Stephen Grayle. Laureaat saab medali ja rahalise preemia 25 000 naelsterlingit.

Medali laureaadid

Aasta	Nimi
1731	Stephen Gray
1732	Stephen Gray
1733	-
1734	John Theophilus Desaguliers
1735	-
1736	John Theophilus Desaguliers
1737	John Belchier
1738	James Valoue
1739	Stephen Hales
1740	Alexander Stuart
1741	John Theophilus Desaguliers
1742	Christopher Middleton
1743	Abraham Trembley
1744	Henry Baker
1745	William Watson
1746	Benjamin Robins
1747	Gowin Knight
1748	James Bradley
1749	John Harrison
1750	George Edwards
1751	John Canton
1752	John Pringle
1753	Benjamin Franklin
1754	William Lewis
1755	John Huxham
1756	-
1757	Lord Charles Cavendish
1758	John Dollond
1759	John Smeaton
1760	Benjamin Wilson
1761	-
1762	-
1763	-
1764	John Canton
1765	-
1766	William Brownrigg, Edward Delaval ja Henry Cavendish
1767	John Ellis
1768	Peter Woulfe
1769	William Hewson
1770	William Hamilton
1771	Matthew Raper
1772	Joseph Priestley
1773	John Walsh
1774	-
1775	Nevil Maskelyne
1776	James Cook
1777	John Mudge
1778	Charles Hutton
1779	.
1780	Samuel Vince
1781	William Herschel
1782	Richard Kirwan
1783	John Goodricke ja Thomas Hutchins
1784	Edward Waring
1785	William Roy
1786	-
1787	John Hunter
1788	Charles Blagden
1789	William Morgan
1790	-
1791	James Rennell ja Jean-André Deluc
1792	Benjamin Thompson
1793	-
1794	Alessandro Volta
1795	Jesse Ramsden
1796	George Atwood
1797	-
1798	George Shuckburgh-Evelyn ja Charles Hatchett
1799	John Hellins
1800	Edward Charles Howard
1801	Astley Cooper
1802	William Hyde Wollaston
1803	Richard Chenevix
1804	Smithson Tennant
1805	Humphry Davy
1806	Thomas Andrew Knight
1807	Everard Home
1808	William Henry
1809	Edward Troughton
1810	-
1811	Benjamin Collins Brodie
1812	-
1813	William Thomas Brande
1814	James Ivory
1815	David Brewster
1816	-
1817	Henry Kater
1818	Robert Seppings
1819	-
1820	Hans Christian Ørsted
1821	Edward Sabine ja John Herschel
1822	William Buckland
1823	John Pond
1824	John Brinkley
1825	François Arago ja Peter Barlow
1826	James South
1827	William Prout ja Henry Foster
1828	-
1829	-
1830	-
1831	George Biddell Airy
1832	Michael Faraday ja Siméon Denis Poisson
1833	-
1834	Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana
1835	William Snow Harris
1836	Jöns Jacob Berzelius ja Francis Kiernan
1837	Antoine César Becquerel ja John Frederic Daniell
1838	Carl Friedrich Gauss ja Michael Faraday
1839	Robert Brown
1840	Justus von Liebig ja Jacques Charles François Sturm
1841	Georg Ohm
1842	James MacCullagh
1843	Jean-Baptiste Dumas
1844	Carlo Matteucci
1845	Theodor Schwann
1846	Urbain Le Verrier
1847	John Herschel
1848	John Couch Adams
1849	Roderick Murchison
1850	Peter Andreas Hansen
1851	Richard Owen
1852	Alexander von Humboldt
1853	Heinrich Wilhelm Dove
1854	Johannes Peter Müller
1855	Léon Foucault
1856	Henri Milne-Edwards
1857	Michel Eugène Chevreul
1858	Charles Lyell
1859	Wilhelm Eduard Weber
1860	Robert Bunsen
1861	Louis Agassiz
1862	Thomas Graham
1863	Adam Sedgwick
1864	Charles Darwin
1865	Michel Chasles
1866	Julius Plücker
1867	Karl Ernst von Baer
1868	Charles Wheatstone
1869	Henri Victor Regnault
1870	James Prescott Joule
1871	Julius von Mayer
1872	Friedrich Wöhler
1873	Hermann von Helmholtz
1874	Louis Pasteur
1875	August Wilhelm von Hofmann
1876	Claude Bernard
1877	James Dwight Dana
1878	Jean-Baptiste Boussingault
1879	Rudolf Clausius
1880	James Joseph Sylvester
1881	Charles-Adolphe Wurtz
1882	Arthur Cayley
1883	William Thomson
1884	Carl Ludwig
1885	August Kekulé
1886	Franz Ernst Neumann
1887	Joseph Dalton Hooker
1888	Thomas Henry Huxley
1889	George Salmon
1890	Simon Newcomb
1891	Stanislao Cannizzaro
1892	Rudolf Virchow
1893	George Stokes
1894	Edward Frankland
1895	Karl Weierstrass
1896	Karl Gegenbaur
1897	Albert von Kölliker
1898	William Huggins
1899	Lord Rayleigh
1900	Marcellin Berthelot
1901	Josiah Willard Gibbs
1902	Joseph Lister
1903	Eduard Suess
1904	William Crookes
1905	Dmitri Mendeleev
1906	Élie Metchnikoff
1907	Albert Abraham Michelson
1908	Alfred Russel Wallace
1909	George William Hill
1910	Francis Galton
1911	George Darwin
1912	Felix Klein
1913	Ray Lankester
1914	Joseph John Thomson
1915	Ivan Pavlov
1916	James Dewar
1917	Pierre Paul Émile Roux
1918	Hendrik Lorentz
1919	William Bayliss
1920	Horace Tabberer Brown
1921	Joseph Larmor
1922	Ernest Rutherford
1923	Horace Lamb
1924	Edward Albert Sharpey-Schafer
1925	Albert Einstein
1926	Frederick Gowland Hopkins
1927	Charles Scott Sherrington
1928	Charles Algernon Parsons
1929	Max Planck
1930	William Henry Bragg
1931	Arthur Schuster
1932	George Ellery Hale
1933	Theobald Smith
1934	John Scott Haldane
1935	Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
1936	Arthur Evans
1937	Henry Dale
1938	Niels Bohr
1939	Thomas Hunt Morgan
1940	Paul Langevin
1941	Thomas Lewis
1942	Robert Robinson
1943	Joseph Barcroft
1944	G. I. Taylor
1945	Oswald Avery
1946	Edgar Adrian
1947	G. H. Hardy
1948	Archibald Hill
1949	George de Hevesy
1950	James Chadwick
1951	David Keilin
1952	Paul Dirac
1953	Albert Kluyver
1954	E. T. Whittaker
1955	Ronald Fisher
1956	Patrick Blackett
1957	Howard Florey
1958	John Edensor Littlewood
1959	Frank Macfarlane Burnet
1960	Harold Jeffreys
1961	Hans Adolf Krebs
1962	Cyril Norman Hinshelwood
1963	Paul Fildes
1964	Sydney Chapman
1965	Alan Lloyd Hodgkin
1966	William Lawrence Bragg
1967	Bernard Katz
1968	Tadeusz Reichstein
1969	Peter Medawar
1970	Alexander R. Todd
1971	Norman Pirie
1972	Nevill Francis Mott
1973	Andrew Huxley
1974	W. V. D. Hodge
1975	Francis Crick
1976	Dorothy Hodgkin
1977	Frederick Sanger
1978	Robert Burns Woodward
1979	Max Perutz
1980	Derek Barton
1981	Peter D. Mitchell
1982	John Cornforth
1983	Rodney Robert Porter
1984	Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar
1985	Aaron Klug
1986	Rudolf Peierls
1987	Robin Hill
1988	Michael Atiyah
1989	César Milstein
1990	Abdus Salam
1991	Sydney Brenner
1992	George Porter
1993	James Watson
1994	Frederick Charles Frank
1995	Frank Fenner
1996	Alan Cottrell
1997	Hugh Huxley
1998	James Lighthill
1999	John Maynard Smith
2000	Alan R. Battersby
2001	Jacques Miller
2002	John Pople
2003	John Gurdon
2004	Harry Kroto
2005	Paul Nurse
2006	Stephen Hawking
2007	Robert May
2008	Roger Penrose
2009	Martin Evans
2010	David Cox ja Tomas Lindahl
2011	Dan McKenzie
2012	John Walker
2013	Andre Geim
2014	Alec Jeffreys
2015	Peter Higgs
2016	Richard Henderson
2017	Andrew Wiles
2018	Jeffrey I. Gordon
2019	John B. Goodenough
2020	Alan Fersht