الگو:Excerpt

توضیحات الگو[نمایش] [ویرایش] [تاریخچه] [پاکسازی]

این الگو در تعداد زیادی صفحه صفحه به‌کار رفته است و تغییر دادن آن می‌تواند تأثیرات گسترده‌ای داشته باشد. لطفاً تغییرات را در زیرصفحه‌های /تمرین یا /آزمایشی الگو، یا در زیرصفحهٔ کاربری خودتان بیازمایید. توصیه می‌شود که ابتدا در خصوص تغییرات مورد نظر در صفحهٔ بحث گفتگو کرده و سپس آن‌ها را پیاده‌سازی کنید.

این الگو از لوآ استفاده می‌کند:

پودمان:Excerpt

This template is used for reusing parts of pages in other pages. This practice has various advantages and disadvantages.

This template extends the capabilities of the built-in normal transclusion and labeled section transclusion.

Usage

Basic usage

{{Excerpt|Page title}} — Transclude the lead section (example)
{{Excerpt|Page title|Section title}} — Transclude a specific section, excluding any subsections (example)

Parameters

1 or article or page — Required. Name of the article or page to transclude. By default the lead section is transcluded (example). If the page contains an infobox, the image and caption of the infobox will be transcluded (unless files=0 is set). Also, templates listed at Module:Excerpt/config will not be transcluded (unless requested explicitly with |templates=, see below).
2 or section or fragment — Name of the section to transclude (example) or of the <section> tag to transclude (example). Must be marked with <section begin=Name of the fragment/> and <section end=Name of the fragment/> in the transcluded page. Notice that this template provides other ways of targeting specific fragments of a page without having to resort to section tags.
only — Elements to transclude. By default all elements are transcluded (except templates blacklisted at Module:Excerpt/config)
- only=file — Transclude only the first file
- only=files — Transclude only files
- only=list — Transclude only the first list
- only=lists — Transclude only lists
- only=table — Transclude only the first table
- only=tables — Transclude only tables (example)
- only=template — Transclude only the first template
- only=templates — Transclude only templates
- only=paragraph — Transclude only the first paragraph
- only=paragraphs — Transclude only paragraphs
paragraphs — Paragraphs to transclude. By default all paragraphs are transcluded.
- paragraphs=0 — Transclude no paragraphs
- paragraphs=1 — Transclude the first paragraph
- paragraphs=2 — Transclude the second paragraph
- paragraphs=1,3 — Transclude the first and third paragraphs
- paragraphs=1-3 — Transclude the first, second and third paragraphs
- paragraphs=1-3,5 — Transclude the first, second, third and fifth paragraphs
- paragraphs=-1 — Transclude all paragraphs except the first
- paragraphs=-2 — Transclude all paragraphs except the second
- paragraphs=-1,3 — Transclude all paragraphs except the first and third
- paragraphs=-1-3 — Transclude all paragraphs except the first, second and third
- paragraphs=-1-3,5 — Transclude all paragraphs except the first, second, third and fifth
lists — Lists to transclude. By default all lists are transcluded. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs.
files — Files to transclude. By default all files are transcluded. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs, but also:
- files=A.jpg — Transclude the file named 'A.jpg'
- files=A.jpg, B.png, C.gif — Transclude the files named 'A.jpg', 'B.png' and 'C.gif'
- files=.+%.png — Transclude all PNG files
- files=-A.jpg — Transclude all files except the one named 'A.jpg'
- files=-A.jpg, B.png, C.gif — Transclude all files except the ones named 'A.jpg', 'B.png' and 'C.gif'
- files=-.+%.png — Transclude all non-PNG files
tables — Tables to transclude. By default all tables are transcluded. Same syntax as when transcluding paragraphs, but also:
- tables=Stats2020 — Transclude the table with id 'Stats2020'
- tables=Stats2020, Stats2019, Stats2018 — Transclude the tables with ids 'Stats2020', 'Stats2019' and 'Stats2018'
- tables=-Stats2020 — Transclude all tables except the one with id 'Stats2020'
- tables=-Stats2020, Stats2019, Stats2018 — Transclude all tables except the ones with ids 'Stats2020', 'Stats2019' and 'Stats2018'
templates — Templates to transclude. By default all templates are transcluded except those blacklisted at Module:Excerpt/config. Using a hyphen before a comma-delimited list of templates adds those templates to the blacklist.
- templates=-Ocean — Add the template 'Ocean' to the blacklist
- templates=-Ocean, Nature — Add the templates 'Ocean' and 'Nature' to the blacklist
- templates=Infobox person — Ignore the blacklist and transclude the template 'Infobox person'
- templates=Infobox person, Ocean — Ignore the blacklist and transclude the templates 'Infobox person' and 'Ocean'
- templates=.* — Ignore the blacklist and transclude all templates
this — Change the initial text of the hatnote. For example, if the transcluded content is a gallery, you can set this=This gallery is so that the hatnote reads "This gallery is an excerpt from..." (example).
displaytitle — Change the text of the link in the hatnote. For example, add italics, subscripts, etc.
hat=no — Hide the hatnote "This section is an excerpt from..."
bold=yes — Preserve bold text.
links=no — Remove all wikilinks.
quote=yes — Wrap the excerpt with <blockquote> tags.
inline=yes — Remove the hatnote and <div> tags around the excerpt, to use it inside other text.
onlyfreefiles=no — Enables transclusion of non-free files.
briefdates=yes — Abbreviate birth and death information to (YYYY-YYYY) format
references=no — Remove all references.
subsections=yes — Include subsections of the transcluded section. Notice that if the transclusion is done from a section level 3, and the transcluded subsections are level 3 too, then the transcluded subsections will show with the same hierarchy as the transcluding section, which is probably not desirable, so use with caution.

Replacing summary section with excerpt of child article

How to replace a section with an excerpt.

A section is often a summary in a parent article of a more detailed page about a subtopic located in a child page; these are generally linked with Template:Main in the parent. Sometimes it's convenient to replace the content of such a summary section in the parent with an excerpt of the child page lead (after merging any valuable content of the section into the child page). In such cases, an efficient way to proceed is:

Open the parent section for editing in one tab, and the child article in another.
Copy the text of the parent section and append it to the lead section of the child page.
Consolidate and adjust the combined lead using common sense.
Save the changes in the child article with an edit summary like: "Copied content from [[Page]]. See that article's history for attribution."
Back in the parent page section, delete all content except the section header and replace it with an excerpt of the child page.
Save the changes in the section; proposed edit summary: "Moved section content to [[Child page title]] and replaced with excerpt."

Refinement using inclusion control

Sometimes, a passage will almost fit for a transclusion, but not quite. In these cases, you can edit the source page to add <noinclude>...</noinclude> tags around content you don't want in the excerpt and <includeonly>...</includeonly> tags around content you want only in the excerpt.

For instance, the page COVID-19 misinformation begins with "The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in misinformation...". However, when excerpting this lead to the misinformation section of COVID-19 pandemic, we don't need to specify which pandemic we're referring to. Therefore, the code The <noinclude>[[COVID-19 pandemic]]</noinclude><includeonly>pandemic</includeonly> has resulted in [[misinformation]] can be used at the misinformation page, so that it will appear at the pandemic page as "The pandemic has resulted in misinformation...".

For pages with a high volume of edits, it may be a good idea to leave a hidden comment explaining why the tags are there, so that no one will be tempted to remove them, like so: The <noinclude>[[COVID-19 pandemic]]</noinclude><includeonly>pandemic</includeonly> has resulted in [[misinformation]]

Please note that when the </noinclude> tag is wrapped into a new line, a character next to it would be interpreted as a line beginning. This can lead to some formatting problems. For example, when a </noinclude> at line beginning is succeeded by a whitespace character, the page engine would translate this as a leading space that renders the subsequent paragraph in code block and monospaced font with preserved formatting. For this reason, no spaces should separate the </noinclude> tag from the text it precedes.

Compared to #section

For simple cases of transcluding sections of articles, the {{#section}}, {{#section-x}}, and {{#section-h}} (abbreviated {{#lst}}, {{#lstx}}, and {{#lsth}})) parser functions can be used instead of this template. {{#lsth:article|fragmentname}} will transclude the section of "article" with the header "fragmentname", and {{#lsth:article}} will transclude the lead section of "article". Excerpting only specific paragraphs can be done by marking up the source article with <section begin=fragmentname/>...<section end=fragmentname/> tags and using {{#lst:article|fragmentname}} to transclude those fragments, which is equivalent to using the |fragment=fragmentname parameter with this template. {{#lsth:article|fragmentname}} can also be used to transclude everything but those fragments.

The text will not be trimmed of excess whitespace, there will not be a header (equivalent to |hat=no, and all files, templates, tables, references, and subsections will be included unless the source article is marked up with <section begin=fragmentname/>...<section end=fragmentname/>, <noinclude>...</noinclude>, or <onlyinclude>...</onlyinclude> tags. Self links will appear in bold.

Excerpt trees

When a very general article uses excerpts from more specific articles, which in turn use excerpts from even more specific articles, then a tree structure emerges, called an "Excerpt tree".

Here you can navigate the main excerpt trees on the English Wikipedia. It's useful for editors interested in expanding or improving them. To navigate the trees, click the following button^(S):

See the excerpt trees

Advantages and disadvantages

The use of {{Excerpt}} has the following advantages:

Reduces maintenance by avoiding duplicate content that must be updated multiple times
Improves content quality by encouraging editors to merge related content, rather than having multiple versions in various stages of development (see #Replacing summary section with excerpt of child article)
Fosters collaboration by channeling contributors into one place, rather than working in parallel
Promotes rapid development of articles, especially those written in summary style

It also has the following disadvantages:

Impediment to editing as you have to go to the sub article to make changes to the main article (though excerpts include a hatnote with an [edit] button to edit the excerpted article in one click)
Reduces accuracy as an excerpt of one article is not always a perfect fit into a new article (but see #Refinement using inclusion control)
Decreases visibility as changes to the sub article will not appear on the watchlist of editors of the main article (see phab:T55525)
Risk of linkrot as pages or sections are blanked, moved, or deleted; this may result in the appearance of § error messages on the page

Error messages

If an error is detected, an error message will appear in the article in place of the expected transcluded content:

No page given – No page was passed to the template
Title X is not valid – The title passed is not valid (contains forbidden characters such as < or >)
Page X not found – The page passed does not exist, or the page is a redirect and the target page was not found
Lead section is empty – The page exists, but cannot excerpt from non-existent lead
Section X not found – The given section does not exist
Section X is empty – The given section exists, but is empty

Template data

This template is used for transcluding part of an article into another article.

پارامترهای الگو[ویرایش داده‌های الگو]
پارامتر		توضیحات	نوع	وضعیت
Article	`1` `article` `page`	Name of the article or page to transclude مثال Science	نام صفحه	ضروری
Section	`2` `section` `fragment`	Name of the section or <section> tag to transclude مثال History	رشته	اختیاری
Only	`only`	Transclude only this kind of element مثال table	رشته	اختیاری
Paragraphs	`paragraphs` `paragraph`	Paragraphs to transclude مثال 1-3,5	رشته	اختیاری
Files	`files` `file`	Files to transclude پیش‌فرض 1 مثال 1-3,5	رشته	اختیاری
Tables	`tables` `table`	Tables to transclude مثال Stats2020	رشته	اختیاری
Lists	`lists` `list`	Lists to transclude مثال 1	رشته	اختیاری
Templates	`templates` `template`	Templates to transclude مثال Infobox person	رشته	اختیاری
References	`references`	Whether to transclude the references مثال no	بولی	اختیاری
Subsections	`subsections`	Whether to transclude the subsections of the requested section مثال yes	بولی	اختیاری
Hatnote	`hat`	Whether to include the hatnote پیش‌فرض yes مثال no	بولی	اختیاری
Bold	`bold`	Whether to preserve bold text پیش‌فرض yes مثال no	بولی	اختیاری
Wikilinks	`links`	Whether to preserve wikilinks پیش‌فرض yes مثال no	بولی	اختیاری
Quote	`quote`	Wraps the excerpt in <blockquote> tags پیش‌فرض no مثال yes	بولی	اختیاری
This	`this`	Change the initial text of the hatnote مثال This gallery is	رشته	اختیاری
Display title	`displaytitle`	Change the text of the link in the hatnote	رشته	اختیاری
Inline	`inline`	Remove the hatnote and <div> tags around the excerpt, to use it inside other text پیش‌فرض no مثال yes	بولی	اختیاری
Only free files	`onlyfreefiles`	Enable transclusion of non-free files پیش‌فرض no مثال yes	بولی	اختیاری
Brief dates	`briefdates`	Abbreviate birth and death information to (YYYY-YYYY) format پیش‌فرض no مثال yes	بولی	اختیاری
Class	`class`	Additional CSS class مثال noprint	رشته	اختیاری

توضیحات بالا تراگنجانده‌شده از الگو:Excerpt/توضیحات است.
ویرایشگران می‌توانند در صفحات تمرین و آزمایشی این الگو را آزمایش کنند.
لطفاً رده‌ها را به زیرصفحهٔ /توضیحات بیفزایید. زیرصفحه‌های این الگو.