Haditha
 Haditha | ||||
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| حديثة (ar) | ||||
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| Wuri | ||||
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Historical country (en)  | Kingdom of Iraq (en) | |||
| Governorate of Iraq (en) | Al Anbar Governorate (en) | |||
| District of Iraq (en) | Haditha District (en) | |||
| Yawan mutane | ||||
| Faɗi | 25,700 (2010) | |||
| Harshen gwamnati | Larabci | |||
| Labarin ƙasa | ||||
| Altitude (en) | 107 m | |||
| Bayanan Tuntuɓa | ||||
| Lambar aika saƙo | 31004 | |||
| Kasancewa a yanki na lokaci |
UTC+03:00 (en)
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Haditha (Larabci: حَدِيثَةٌ, al-Ḥadīthah) birni ne, da ke a cikin gundumar Al Anbar, kimanin kilomita 240 (mita 150) arewa maso yammacin Bagadaza. Garin noma ne dake kan kogin Furat. Yawan jama'arta na kusan mutane 46,500, galibinsu Larabawa Musulmai Sunni. Garin yana kusa da Buhayrat al Qadisiyyah, wani tafki na wucin gadi wanda gina madatsar ruwa ta Haditha, cibiyar samar da wutar lantarki mafi girma a Iraki.
Tarihi
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Yakin iraki
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]Da farko dai sojojin Amurka ne suka tsare madatsar ruwa ta Haditha da kewaye a cikin watan Afrilun 2003 a matsayin wani bangare na mamayar Iraki. Harin da aka kai kan madatsar ruwan zai yi matukar cika garuruwan da ke gabar kogin Fırat daga magudanar ruwa daga Hadiza, tare da kawar da wata muhimmiyar hanyar samar da wutar lantarki.
A ranar 16 ga Yuli, 2003 Mohammed Nayil Jurayfi, magajin garin Haditha, da ƙaramin ɗansa, Ahmed, an kashe shi.[1][2]
A shekara ta 2004, sojojin Amurka sun bar 'yan sanda na gida da ke kula da birnin kuma masu tayar da kayar baya sun tara jami'an 'yan sanda da dama tare da kashe su a bainar jama'a a filin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa.[3]h A cikin watan Mayun 2005, sojojin Amurka sun kaddamar da Operation New Market a Haditha kan 'yan tawayen da ke iko da birnin. Duk da haka, juriya ya ci gaba. A ranar 1 ga Agusta, 2005, wani harin kwantan bauna ya kashe maharba maharbin ruwa na Amurka 6, (wadanda ke aiki a cikin tawaga biyu na mutum biyu tare da karin marine kowace tawaga don tsaro) a cikin birni; a ranar 3 ga watan Agusta, wani bam da aka dana a gefen hanya ya kashe wasu sojojin ruwa 14 da mai fassara su. A ranar 26 ga watan Agusta, wani harin bam da aka kai ya kashe sojojin ruwa 7 tare da raunata 12.
A cewar wani rahoto na watan Agustan 2005 da jaridar The Guardian ta fitar, ‘yan tawaye ne ke iko da garin, inda sojojin Amurka ke kai ziyara ta wucin gadi a duk ‘yan watanni. Kamar Al-Qa’im, ta kasance a karkashin tsarin mulkin Taliban, inda aka sanya shari’ar Musulunci da kuma haramta wasu kayayyaki irin na Turawa, da masu tada kayar baya suna karbar albashin ma’aikatan gwamnati[4]. Wannan mamayar ‘yan tawaye ta ci gaba har zuwa shekarar 2006.[5] Magajin garin Hadiza a watan Nuwamba 2005 shi ne Emad Jawad Hamza.[6]
Kisan gilla (2005)
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]A ranar 19 ga Nuwamba, 2005, sojojin Iraqi 24, ciki har da mata da yara 11, sojojin ruwa 12 daga bataliya ta 3, na 1st Marines suka kashe. Sojojin Amurka suna binciken wadannan ayyukan, [7] wani kyaftin da wani Laftanar Kanar an sauke su daga aiki (wani kyaftin din ya sami sauki a rana guda amma ba don irin wannan lamarin ba.)[8][9]Wasu na zargin kisan kiyashi ne. a matsayin ramuwar gayya kan wani lamari da ya faru da safiyar ranar da aka kashe Miguel Terrazas na sojojin ruwa na Amurka a wani harin bam da aka kai a gefen hanya kan Marines daga Kamfanin Kilo.[10] A cikin watan Agustan 2006 kwamitin da ke nazarin kashe-kashen ya gano dalilin da ya sa ake tuhumar sojojin ruwa. A wannan rana, daya daga cikin wadanda ake zargi Marines ya kai karar dan majalisa John P. Murtha (D-Pa.) don cin zarafi saboda yadda Murtha ya bayyana abin da ya faru yana cewa Marines sun kashe fararen hula "cikin sanyi." A shekara ta 2009, wata kotun daukaka kara ta tarayya ta yanke hukuncin a ranar Talata cewa ba za a iya gurfanar da dan majalisa John Murtha ba saboda zargin da ake yi wa sojojin ruwan Amurka da kashe fararen hula 'yan Iraqi "cikin jinni." Alkalan sun yanke hukuncin cewa Murtha ba shi da kariya daga karar saboda yana aiki ne a matsayinsa na dan majalisa lokacin da ya bayyana hakan ga manema labarai.[11] A ranar 4 ga watan Yunin shekarar 2008 ne wata kotun sojin kasar ta wanke wani sojan ruwan Amurka da laifin yin rufa-rufa kan kisan fararen hula 24 da aka kashe a Haditha a Iraki a shekara ta 2005, yayin da aka yi watsi da tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi kan wasu sojojin ruwa guda biyar a cikin lamarin. Wani mai magana da yawun sansanin soji na Camp Pendleton da ke kudancin California inda aka fara sauraren karar a ranar 28 ga watan Mayu, an tuhumi Laftanar Andrew Grayson, mai shekaru 27, da laifin yin kalaman karya da kuma yunkurin yin hakan. zamba daban da Marine Corps. An kuma tuhume shi da laifin kawo cikas ga shari’a, amma alkalin kotun ya yi watsi da wannan tuhumar ranar 3 ga watan Yuni, 2008. An canza zargin kisan kai kan shugaban tawagar Frank Wuterich zuwa ƙaramin laifin kisan kai. An jinkirta shari’ar Wuterich saboda ci gaba da shari’ar da ake yi dangane da yadda masu gabatar da kara suka samu faifan bidiyo da ba a gani ba daga hirar minti 60 da Wuterich.[12] An tuhumi Laftanar Kanar Jeffrey Chessani, babban jami’in da ake tuhuma kan lamarin, da laifin kin aiki da kuma karya doka. A ranar 17 ga watan Yuni, 2008 Alkalin soja Kanar Steven Folsom ya yi watsi da dukkan tuhume-tuhumen da ake yi wa Laftanar Kanar Jeffrey Chessani bisa dalilin cewa Janar James Mattis, wanda ya amince da shigar da karar Chessani, wani mai bincike da ke binciken lamarin ya yi tasiri a kan lamarin. Hukuncin ya kasance ba tare da nuna bambanci ba, wanda ke ba da damar gabatar da kara.
Farfadowa da sake ginawa Canjin dabarun Amurka a ƙarshen 2006 ya kawo sakamako mai sauri ga Triad Hadithah. Sojojin ruwan Amurka da na Iraqi da kawayenta na kawance sun fatattaki ‘yan tada kayar baya a lokacin bazara na shekara ta 2007. Hadithah ta kasance mafi aminci kuma ta dawo da wasu albarkatu a lokacin bazara na 2008. Ci gaban ya bayyana a lokacin da wata tawagar Majalisar Dokokin Amurka ta ziyarci garin a watan Agusta kuma ta sami cikakkun shaguna da abokantaka. Tare da wannan tarihin rikice-rikicen makomar gaba ba ta da tabbas. Sai dai kuma a cewar shafin yanar gizo na rundunar sojojin kasa da kasa -Iraki, an fara samun ci gaba bayan da aka kafa wani gagarumin biki a kewayen garuruwan Haditha da Haqlaniyah da ke yammacin kogin Furat da Barwannah a bangaren gabas a lokacin Operation Al Majid. Sassan ruwa sun yi ta juyawa a ciki da wajen wajen suna tsare mutane da yawa. An kafa 'yan sandan Iraki a shekara ta 2007 kuma tashin hankali ya fadi. Sabanin shekarun baya, lokacin Ramadan na 2007 ya zo kuma ya tafi a cikin Hadiza ba tare da hare-haren ta'addanci ba. A cikin 'yan watanni masu zuwa an sake gina wasu gadoji guda biyu da ke ratsa tekun Euphrates, an sake bude asibitin yankin tare da gyara kayan aiki, matatar mai ta K3 da ke kudancin yankin an dawo da ita ta yanar gizo, kuma rayuwa ta fara daukar sabon salo. Har ila yau shirin dam din na samar da wutar lantarki mai amfani da wutar lantarki da kuma sake gina madatsar ruwa tare da taimakon sojojin kawancen da Amurka ke jagoranta, don sake bude matatar mai a cikin gida, tare da bayar da kudade masu yawa da shawarwarin fasaha daga dakarun hadin gwiwa da kungiyoyin sake gina larduna da ke da hedkwata a Ramadi da Al. Asad, don sake gina madatsun ruwa guda biyu a kan kogin Euphrates, wani babban jami'in 'yan sanda (kuma da alama yana da tasiri), ya kafa sabis na motar asibiti na yau da kullum, sake gyarawa da gudanar da asibitinsu, bude masana'antar kwalta, sake buɗe makarantu tare da gyaran gyare-gyare, cika. ofisoshin kananan hukumominsu, sun fadada kasuwannin yankinsu, sun fara sake gina masana'antar marmara na cikin gida. Yaki da ISIL A farkon shekarar 2014, ISIL ta kaddamar da yakin neman kwace kusan kashi 70% na lardin Anbar daga Iraki. Haditha dai ta yi fice saboda kasancewar daya daga cikin garuruwan da suka rage a karkashin ikon sojojin Iraki duk da cewa suna da nisan sama da kilomita 200 daga Bagadaza. A watan Satumban 2014, ISIL ta kai hari kan madatsar ruwan amma an dakile musu hare-hare ta sama. Ya zuwa watan Mayun 2016, ya kasance daya daga cikin garuruwan larabawa 'yan Sunni na Iraki da ke karkashin ikon gwamnati. Editan Aljazeera na Iraki Hamed Hadeed ya ce Haditha na taka rawa sosai a rikicin kasar saboda inda take da dabaru da kuma tsayin daka da babu irinsa ga kungiyar ISIL. Haditha ta kasance muhimmiyar hanyar sufuri tsakanin yankunan yammacin Anbar, tsakiyar lardin Salahuddin, da arewacin Nineba. Har ila yau, shi ne birni daya tilo a lardin Anbar da ya iya dakile yunkurin IS na ci gaba da mamaye shi."[13]h
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ Rajiv Chandrasekaran, "Iraqi Mayor's Killing Reinforces Fear" Washington Post Foreign Service
- ↑ New casualties test US resolve
- ↑ 3] Andrew Tilghman U.S. call for Iraqi police in Haditha goes unanswered[permanent dead link] Stars and Stripes Mideast edition, Monday, June 5, 2006
- ↑ [4] Under US noses, brutal insurgents rule Sunni citadel, The Guardian, August 22, 2005
- ↑ Knickmeyer, Ellen. "U.S. Will Reinforce Troops in West Iraq". The Washington
- ↑ Tim McGirk Collateral Damage or Civilian Massacre in Haditha? Time
- ↑ Worst war crime' committed by US in Iraq,telegraph.co.uk, May 27, 2006
- ↑ Ali Hamdani and Ned Parker, "Marines and the 'massacre': a neighbour tells of aftermath"[dead link], Times, 29 May 2006
- ↑ mudvillegazette.com". Archived from the original on 2008-04-03. Retrieved 2008-04-17.
- ↑ BC 10 O'Clock News, BBC, 2 June 2006
- ↑ Frank Wuterich Murtha Defamation Suit Dies In Court AP. May 15, 2009. Retrieved Oct. 13, 2014.
- ↑ Military: '60 Minutes' loses appeal in Wuterich case: Court rejects claim of reporter privilege for unaired portions of interview". nctimes.com. Archived from the original on 2009-09-09. Retrieved 2009-09-04.
- ↑ "ISIL launches major assault on Iraq's Haditha"