Kiba
Kiba | |
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Description (en) ![]() | |
Iri |
overnutrition (en) ![]() cuta |
Specialty (en) ![]() |
endocrinology (en) ![]() |
Genetic association (en) ![]() |
HS6ST3 (en) ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Medical treatment (en) ![]() | |
Magani |
phendimetrazine (en) ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() |
Identifier (en) ![]() | |
ICD-10-CM | E66.9 |
ICD-9-CM | 278.00 |
OMIM | 601665 |
DiseasesDB | 9099 |
MedlinePlus | 003101 da 007297 |
eMedicine | 003101 da 007297 |
MeSH | D009765 |
Disease Ontology ID | DOID:9970 |
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/Eskalator-4-Augustibuller2007.jpg/220px-Eskalator-4-Augustibuller2007.jpg)
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6a/Gould_Pyle_168.jpg/220px-Gould_Pyle_168.jpg)
Kiba wani yanayi ne na likitanci wanda yawan kitsen jiki ya taru ta yadda zai iya yin illa ga lafiya.[1] Yawanci ana ɗaukar mutane masu kiba idan ma'aunin jikinsu (BMI), ma'aunin da ake samu ta hanyar raba nauyin mutum da murabba'in tsayin mutum, ya wuce 30 kg/m2; An bayyana kewayon 25-30 kg/m2 azaman kiba.[1] Wasu ƙasashen Gabashin Asiya suna amfani da ƙananan ƙima.[2] Kiba yana ƙara yuwuwar kamuwa da cututtuka da yanayi daban-daban, musamman cututtukan zuciya da jijiyoyin jini, nau'in ciwon sukari na 2, bugun barci mai hanawa, wasu nau'ikan cutar kansa, osteoarthritis, da damuwa.[3][4]
Yawan kiba yana faruwa ne ta hanyar haɗuwa da wuce kima da abinci, rashin motsa jiki, da lahani na kwayoyin halitta.[1][5] Wasu lokuta ana haifar da su ta farko ta kwayoyin halitta, cututtukan endocrine, magunguna, ko rashin hankali.[6] Ra'ayin cewa mutane masu kiba suna cin abinci kaɗan duk da haka suna samun nauyi saboda jinkirin metabolism ba a tallafawa ta hanyar likitanci.[7] A matsakaita, mutane masu kiba suna da yawan kashe kuzarin kuzari fiye da takwarorinsu na yau da kullun saboda kuzarin da ake buƙata don kula da yawan adadin jiki.[7][8]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Ming_Fat_Buddha.jpg/220px-Ming_Fat_Buddha.jpg)
Kiba yawanci ana iya hana shi ta hanyar haɗin sauye-sauyen zamantakewa da zaɓi na sirri.[1] Canje-canje ga abinci da motsa jiki sune manyan jiyya.[3] Ana iya inganta ingancin abinci ta hanyar rage yawan amfani da abinci masu yawan kuzari, kamar masu yawan kitse ko sikari, da kuma ƙara yawan abincin da ake ci.[1] Ana iya amfani da magunguna, tare da abincin da ya dace, don rage ci ko rage yawan sha.[9] Idan abinci, motsa jiki, da magunguna ba su da tasiri, ana kuma iya yin balloon ciki ko tiyata don rage girman ciki ko tsayin hanji, wanda zai haifar da jin koshi tun da wuri ko kuma rage ikon shan sinadirai daga abinci.[10][11]
![](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/0/0b/Fat_gourg_cosplay.jpg/220px-Fat_gourg_cosplay.jpg)
Kiba ita ce kan gaba wajen hana mutuwa a duk duniya, tare da karuwar yawan manya da yara.[1][12] A cikin 2015, manya miliyan 600 (12%) da yara miliyan 100 sun yi kiba a ƙasashe 195.[13] Kiba ya fi yawa a mata fiye da maza.[1] Hukumomi suna kallonsa a matsayin ɗayan manyan matsalolin kiwon lafiyar jama'a na ƙarni na 21st.[14] An kyamaci kiba a yawancin duniyar zamani (musamman a yammacin duniya), ko da yake ana kallonta a matsayin alamar dukiya da haihuwa a wasu lokuta a tarihi kuma har yanzu tana cikin wasu sassan duniya.[3][15] A cikin 2013, ƙungiyoyin likita da yawa, gami da Ƙungiyar Likitocin Amurka da Ƙungiyar Zuciya ta Amurka, sun rarraba kiba a matsayin cuta.[16][17][18]
Manazarta
[gyara sashe | gyara masomin]- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 "Obesity and overweight Fact sheet N°311". WHO. January 2015. Retrieved 2 February 2016.
- ↑ Kanazawa M, Yoshiike N, Osaka T, Numba Y, Zimmet P, Inoue S (2005). "Criteria and Classification of Obesity in Japan and Asia-Oceania". Nutrition and Fitness: Obesity, the Metabolic Syndrome, Cardiovascular Disease, and Cancer. World Review of Nutrition and Dietetics. 94. pp. 1–12. doi:10.1159/000088200. ISBN 978-3-8055-7944-5. PMID 16145245.
- ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Haslam DW, James WP (October 2005). "Obesity". Lancet (Review). 366 (9492): 1197–209. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(05)67483-1. PMID 16198769.
- ↑ Luppino FS, de Wit LM, Bouvy PF, Stijnen T, Cuijpers P, Penninx BW, Zitman FG (March 2010). "Overweight, obesity, and depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies". Archives of General Psychiatry. 67 (3): 220–9. doi:10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2010.2. PMID 20194822.
- ↑ Yazdi FT, Clee SM, Meyre D (2015). "Obesity genetics in mouse and human: back and forth, and back again". PeerJ. 3: e856. doi:10.7717/peerj.856. PMC 4375971. PMID 25825681.
- ↑ Bleich S, Cutler D, Murray C, Adams A (2008). "Why is the developed world obese?". Annual Review of Public Health (Research Support). 29: 273–95. doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.29.020907.090954. PMID 18173389.
- ↑ 7.0 7.1 Oxford Handbook of Medical Sciences (2nd ed.). Oxford: OUP Oxford. 2011. p. 180. ISBN 9780191652295.
- ↑ Kushner, Robert (2007). Treatment of the Obese Patient (Contemporary Endocrinology). Totowa, NJ: Humana Press. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-59745-400-1. Retrieved 5 April 2009.
- ↑ Yanovski SZ, Yanovski JA (January 2014). "Long-term drug treatment for obesity: a systematic and clinical review". JAMA (Review). 311 (1): 74–86. doi:10.1001/jama.2013.281361. PMC 3928674. PMID 24231879.
- ↑ Colquitt JL, Pickett K, Loveman E, Frampton GK (August 2014). "Surgery for weight loss in adults". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Meta-analysis, Review). 8 (8): CD003641. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003641.pub4. PMID 25105982.
- ↑ Imaz I, Martínez-Cervell C, García-Alvarez EE, Sendra-Gutiérrez JM, González-Enríquez J (July 2008). "Safety and effectiveness of the intragastric balloon for obesity. A meta-analysis". Obesity Surgery. 18 (7): 841–6. doi:10.1007/s11695-007-9331-8. PMID 18459025.
- ↑ Encyclopedia of Mental Health (2 ed.). Academic Press. 2015. p. 158. ISBN 9780123977533.
- ↑ Afshin A, Forouzanfar MH, Reitsma MB, Sur P, Estep K, Lee A, Marczak L, Mokdad AH, Moradi-Lakeh M, Naghavi M, Salama JS, Vos T, Abate KH, Abbafati C, Ahmed MB, Al-Aly Z, Alkerwi A, Al-Raddadi R, Amare AT, Amberbir A, Amegah AK, Amini E, Amrock SM, Anjana RM, Ärnlöv J, Asayesh H, Banerjee A, Barac A, Baye E, Bennett DA, Beyene AS, Biadgilign S, Biryukov S, Bjertness E, Boneya DJ, Campos-Nonato I, Carrero JJ, Cecilio P, Cercy K, Ciobanu LG, Cornaby L, Damtew SA, Dandona L, Dandona R, Dharmaratne SD, Duncan BB, Eshrati B, Esteghamati A, Feigin VL, Fernandes JC, Fürst T, Gebrehiwot TT, Gold A, Gona PN, Goto A, Habtewold TD, Hadush KT, Hafezi-Nejad N, Hay SI, Horino M, Islami F, Kamal R, Kasaeian A, Katikireddi SV, Kengne AP, Kesavachandran CN, Khader YS, Khang YH, Khubchandani J, Kim D, Kim YJ, Kinfu Y, Kosen S, Ku T, Defo BK, Kumar GA, Larson HJ, Leinsalu M, Liang X, Lim SS, Liu P, Lopez AD, Lozano R, Majeed A, Malekzadeh R, Malta DC, Mazidi M, McAlinden C, McGarvey ST, Mengistu DT, Mensah GA, Mensink GB, Mezgebe HB, Mirrakhimov EM, Mueller UO, Noubiap JJ, Obermeyer CM, Ogbo FA, Owolabi MO, Patton GC, Pourmalek F, Qorbani M, Rafay A, Rai RK, Ranabhat CL, Reinig N, Safiri S, Salomon JA, Sanabria JR, Santos IS, Sartorius B, Sawhney M, Schmidhuber J, Schutte AE, Schmidt MI, Sepanlou SG, Shamsizadeh M, Sheikhbahaei S, Shin MJ, Shiri R, Shiue I, Roba HS, Silva DA, Silverberg JI, Singh JA, Stranges S, Swaminathan S, Tabarés-Seisdedos R, Tadese F, Tedla BA, Tegegne BS, Terkawi AS, Thakur JS, Tonelli M, Topor-Madry R, Tyrovolas S, Ukwaja KN, Uthman OA, Vaezghasemi M, Vasankari T, Vlassov VV, Vollset SE, Weiderpass E, Werdecker A, Wesana J, Westerman R, Yano Y, Yonemoto N, Yonga G, Zaidi Z, Zenebe ZM, Zipkin B, Murray CJ (July 2017). "Health Effects of Overweight and Obesity in 195 Countries over 25 Years". The New England Journal of Medicine. 377 (1): 13–27. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa1614362. PMC 5477817. PMID 28604169.
- ↑ Dibaise JK, Foxx-Orenstein AE (July 2013). "Role of the gastroenterologist in managing obesity". Expert Review of Gastroenterology & Hepatology (Review). 7 (5): 439–51. doi:10.1586/17474124.2013.811061. PMID 23899283.
- ↑ Woodhouse R (2008). "Obesity in Art – A Brief Overview". Obesity in art: a brief overview. Frontiers of Hormone Research. 36. pp. 271–86. doi:10.1159/000115370. ISBN 978-3-8055-8429-6. PMID 18230908.
- ↑ Jensen, MD; Ryan, DH; Apovian, CM; Ard, JD; Comuzzie, AG; Donato, KA; Hu, FB; Hubbard, VS; Jakicic, JM; Kushner, RF; Loria, CM; Millen, BE; Nonas, CA; Pi-Sunyer, FX; Stevens, J; Stevens, VJ; Wadden, TA; Wolfe, BM; Yanovski, SZ; Jordan, HS; Kendall, KA; Lux, LJ; Mentor-Marcel, R; Morgan, LC; Trisolini, MG; Wnek, J; Anderson, JL; Halperin, JL; Albert, NM; Bozkurt, B; Brindis, RG; Curtis, LH; DeMets, D; Hochman, JS; Kovacs, RJ; Ohman, EM; Pressler, SJ; Sellke, FW; Shen, WK; Smith SC, Jr; Tomaselli, GF; American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice, Guidelines.; Obesity, Society. (24 June 2014). "2013 AHA/ACC/TOS guideline for the management of overweight and obesity in adults: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines and The Obesity Society". Circulation. 129 (25 Suppl 2): S102-38. doi:10.1161/01.cir.0000437739.71477.ee. PMC 5819889. PMID 24222017. Lay summary.
- ↑ Pollack, Andrew (18 June 2013). "A.M.A. Recognizes Obesity as a Disease". New York Times. Archived from the original on 24 June 2013.
- ↑ Weinstock, Matthew (21 June 2013). "The Facts About Obesity". H&HN. American Hospital Association. Archived from the original on 9 September 2013. Retrieved 24 June 2013.