Lihat sumber Demografi Mongolia

{{Infobox place demographics
 | place              = [[Mongolia]]
 | image              = Mongolia single age population pyramid 2020.png
| image_size=350
 | caption            = [[Piramida penduduk]] Mongolia pada 2020

<!-- main demographics -->
 | size_of_population = 3.296.866<ref name="Census 2010">{{cite web|author=Date |url=http://www.toollogo2010.mn/doc/NSO_F-06-10-1.pdf |title=Mongolia National Census 2020 Results |publisher=National Statistical Office of Mongolia |date=2020-06-12 |access-date=2020-06-12}}</ref> (sensus 2020)
 | density            = 1.76/km<sup>2</sup>
 | growth             = 1,46%<ref name="Census 2010" /> (sensus 2010)
 | birth              = 20,7 kelahiran/1.000 populasi<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2012)
 | death              = 6,01 kematian/1,000 populasi<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2012)
 | life               = 68,63 tahun<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2012)
 | life_male          = 66,16 tahun<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2012)
 | life_female        = 71.23 tahun<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2012)
 | infant_mortality   = 13,4 kematian/1.000 kelahiran hidup<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2019)
 | fertility          = 2.87<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2019)

<!-- age structure -->
 | age_0-14_years     = 27,1%<ref name="CIA">{{cite web|url=https://www.cia.gov/the-world-factbook/countries/mongolia/|title=CIA World Factbook|year=2012|publisher=CIA|access-date=14 November 2012}}</ref> (est. 2012)
 | age_15-64_years    = 68,9%<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2012)
 | age_65_years       = 4%<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2012)

<!-- sex ratio -->
 | total_mf_ratio     = 1 laki-laki/perempuan<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2012)
 | sr_at_birth        = 1,05 laki-laki/perempuan<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2012)
 | sr_under_15        = 1,04 laki-laki/perempuan<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2012)
 | sr_15-64_years     = 1 laki-laki/perempuan<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2012)
 | sr_65_years_over   = 0,77 laki-laki/perempuan<ref name="CIA" /> (est. 2012)

<!-- nationality -->
 | nation             = Mongolia
 | major_ethnic       = [[bangsa Mongol|Mongol]]
 | minor_ethnic       = [[Bangsa Kazakh|Kazakh]]

<!-- language -->
 | official           = [[Bahasa Mongol|Mongol]]
 | spoken             = [[Bahasa Mongol|Mongol]], [[Bahasa Kazakh|Kazakh]]
}}

[[File:Historical population of Mongolia.svg|thumb|Riwayat populasi Mongolia dari masa ke masa]]
Berikut ini adalah '''demografi Mongolia''', yang termasuk di antaranya berupa populasi, pendidikan, kesehatan, status ekonomi, afiliasi agama, dan berbagai aspek lain.

==Statistik vital==
===Perkiraan PBB===

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Periode<ref>{{cite web| url = http://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/index.htm| title = World Population Prospects: The 2019 Revision}}</ref>
! width="80pt"|Kelahiran hidup per tahun
! width="80pt"|Kematian per tahun
! width="80pt"|Perubahan alami per tahun
! width="80pt"|CBR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|CDR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|NC<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|TFR<sup>1</sup>
! width="80pt"|IMR<sup>1</sup>
|-
| 1950-1955
| align="right" |  33 000
| align="right" |  18 000
| align="right" |  15 000
| align="right" | 40.0
| align="right" | 21.4
| align="right" | 18.6
| align="right" | 5.60
| align="right" | 182.9
|-
| 1955-1960
| align="right" |  39 000
| align="right" |  19 000
| align="right" |  20 000
| align="right" | 43.0
| align="right" | 20.7
| align="right" | 22.2
| align="right" | 6.30
| align="right" | 164.9
|-
| 1960-1965
| align="right" |  49 000
| align="right" |  19 000
| align="right" |  30 000
| align="right" | 47.9
| align="right" | 18.4
| align="right" | 29.5
| align="right" | 7.50
| align="right" | 134.5
|-
| 1965-1970
| align="right" |  54 000
| align="right" |  19 000
| align="right" |  34 000
| align="right" | 44.8
| align="right" | 15.9
| align="right" | 28.8
| align="right" | 7.50
| align="right" | 118.6
|-
| 1970-1975
| align="right" |  59 000
| align="right" |  19 000
| align="right" |  40 000
| align="right" | 43.0
| align="right" | 13.9
| align="right" | 29.1
| align="right" | 7.50
| align="right" | 106.5
|-
| 1975-1980
| align="right" |  63 000
| align="right" |  21 000
| align="right" |  42 000
| align="right" | 39.6
| align="right" | 13.1
| align="right" | 26.5
| align="right" | 6.65
| align="right" | 104.5
|-
| 1980-1985
| align="right" |  69 000
| align="right" |  22 000
| align="right" |  47 000
| align="right" | 38.1
| align="right" | 12.4
| align="right" | 25.7
| align="right" | 5.75
| align="right" | 102.3
|-
| 1985-1990
| align="right" |  75 000
| align="right" |  22 000
| align="right" |  53 000
| align="right" | 36.6
| align="right" | 10.8
| align="right" | 25.9
| align="right" | 4.90
| align="right" | 91.7
|-
| 1990-1995
| align="right" |  62 000
| align="right" |  22 000
| align="right" |  40 000
| align="right" | 27.6
| align="right" | 9.6
| align="right" | 18.0
| align="right" | 3.30
| align="right" | 66.6
|-
| 1995-2000
| align="right" | 52 000
| align="right" | 20 000
| align="right" | 33 000
| align="right" | 22.1
| align="right" | 8.3
| align="right" | 13.8
| align="right" | 2.50
| align="right" | 54.7
|-
| 2000-2005
| align="right" | 47 000
| align="right" | 17 000
| align="right" | 30 000
| align="right" | 18.9
| align="right" | 7.2
| align="right" | 11.7
| align="right" | 2.08
| align="right" | 43.5
|-
| 2005-2010
| align="right" | 62 000
| align="right" | 17 000
| align="right" | 45 000
| align="right" | 22.4
| align="right" | 6.9
| align="right" | 15.5
| align="right" | 2.40
| align="right" | 36.0
|-
| 2010-2015
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" | 26.1
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 19.8
| align="right" | 2.84
| align="right" | 
|-
| 2015-2020
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" | 24.4 
| align="right" | 6.3
| align="right" | 18.1
| align="right" | 2.90
| align="right" |
|-
| 2020-2025
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" | 20.5
| align="right" | 6.4
| align="right" | 14.1
| align="right" | 2.73
| align="right" |
|-
| 2025-2030
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" |  
| align="right" | 18.1
| align="right" | 6.7
| align="right" | 11.4
| align="right" | 2.59
| align="right" |
|-
| colspan="9"| <sup>1</sup> <small>CBR = angka kelahiran kasar (per 1000); CDR = angka kematian kasar (per 1000); NC = perubahan alami (per 1000); TFR = tingkat kesuburan total (jumlah anak per wanita); IMR = angka kematian bayi per 1000 kelahiran</small>
|}

===Kelahiran dan kematian yang tercatat===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: right;"
|-
!<ref>{{cite web |title=Population |url=http://1212.mn/Stat.aspx?LIST_ID=976_L03&type=tables |website=Mongolian Statistical Information Service |access-date=27 April 2019}}</ref>
! width="70pt"|Rata-rata populasi 
! width="70pt"|Kelahiran hidup
! width="70pt"|Kematian
! width="70pt"|Perubahan alami
! width="70pt"|Tingkat kelahiran kasar (per 1000)
! width="70pt"|Tingkat kematian kasar (per 1000)
! width="70pt"|Perubahan alami (per 1000)
! width="70pt"|Tingkat kesuburan total
|-
| 1934
| 
|10,622||8,991||1,631
|||||
|
|-
| 1935
| 738,200
|13,700||12,083||1,617
|||||
|
|-
| 1936
| 737,900
|12,209||17,049|| style="color: red" |-4,840
|||||
|
|-
| 1937
| 740,000
|14,126||14,747|| style="color: red" |-621
|||||
|
|-
| 1938
| 747,600
|15,492||15,101||391
|||||
|
|-
| 1939
| 736,400
|14,092||17,242|| style="color: red" |-3,150
|||||
|
|-
| 1940
| 738,600
|19,046||15,906||3,140
|||||
|
|-
| 1941
| 743,800
|||||
|||||
|
|-
| 1942
| 749,000
|||||
|||||
|
|-
| 1943
| 754,200
|||||
|||||
|
|-
| 1944
| 759,100
|||||
|||||
|
|-
| 1945
| 759,300
|||||
|||||
|
|-
| 1946
| 759,400
|||||
|||||
|
|-
| 1947
| 759,700
|||||
|||||
|
|-
| 1948
| 759,200
|||||
|||||
|
|-
| 1949
| 758,700
|||||
|||||
|
|-
| 1950
| 758,000
|||||
|||||
|
|-
| 1951
| 772,400
|11,015||7,598||3,417
|||||
|
|-
| 1952
| 786,100
|14,218||9,205||5,013
|||||
|
|-
| 1953
| 799,900
|23,989||10,953||13,036
|||||
|
|-
| 1954
| 813,600
|21,394||11,068||10,326
|||||
|
|-
| 1955
| 827,300
|26,889||11,823||15,066
|||||
|
|-
| 1956
| 845,500
|26,825||10,573||16,252
|||||
|
|-
| 1957
| 862,000
|32,594||9,722||22,872
|||||
|
|-
| 1958
| 884,800
|34,654||9,895||24,759
|||||
|
|-
| 1959
| 909,600
|36,624||9,345||27,279
|||||
|
|-
| 1960
| 936,900
|41,202||10,043||31,159
|44.0||10.7||33.3
|
|-
| 1961
| 968,100
|40,036||10,030||30,006
|41.4||10.4||31.0
|
|-
| 1962
| 998,000
|42,144||10,192||31,952
|42.2||10.2||32.0
|
|-
| 1963
| 1,017,100
|40,250||12,168||28,082
|39.0||11.8||27.2
|
|-
| 1964
| 1,045,200
|42,001||11,215||30,786
|39.6||10.6||29.0
|
|-
| 1965
| 1,076,000
|41,427||13,072||28,355
|38.0||12.0||26.0
|
|-
| 1966
| 1,104,400
|43,150||13,097||30,053
|38.5||11.7||26.8
|
|-
| 1967
| 1,134,400
|43,650||13,563||30,087
|38.0||11.8||26.2
|
|-
| 1968
| 1,164,500
|46,159||13,085||33,074
|38.8||11.1||27.7
|
|-
| 1969
| 1,197,600
|46,849||13,905||32,944
|38.6||11.5||27.1
|
|-
| 1970
| 1,230,500
|50,152||15,314||34,838
|40.2||12.3||27.9
|
|-
| 1971
| 1,265,400
|49,917||13,857||36,060
|38.8||10.8||28.0
|
|-
| 1972
| 1,301,400
|52,796||14,727||38,069
|40.0||11.4||28.8
|
|-
| 1973
| 1,339,500
|54,841||13,611||41,230
|40.3||10.0||30.3
|
|-
| 1974
| 1,380,700
|56,218||12,555||43,663
|40.1||9.0||31.1
|
|-
| 1975
| 1,424,400
|56,953||14,445||42,508
|39.4||10.0||29.4
|
|-
| 1976
| 1,466,900
|55,224||14,757||40,467
|37.1||9.9||27.2
|
|-
| 1977
| 1,512,400
|56,683||15,490||41,193
|37.0||10.1||26.9
|
|-
| 1978
| 1,553,600
|60,291||14,238||46,053
|38.3||9.0||29.3
|
|-
| 1979
| 1,595,000
|60,233||15,375||44,858
|37.2||9.5||27.7
|
|-
| 1980
| 1,639,700
|63,068||17,331||45,737
|39.2||10.4||28.8
|6.411
|-
| 1981
| 1,682,000
|62,751||15,787||46,964
|36.8||9.2||27.6
|
|-
| 1982
| 1,724,700
|64,210||16,568||47,642
|36.8||9.5||27.3
|
|-
| 1983
| 1,767,500
|65,020||17,620||47,400
|36.4||9.9||26.5
|
|-
| 1984
| 1,808,900
|68,129||20,359||47,770
|37.2||11.1||26.1
|
|-
| 1985
| 1,854,300
|69,627||18,688||50,939
|38.2||10.0||28.2
|5.476
|-
| 1986
| 1,900,600
|71,801||16,424||55,377
|37.3||8.5||28.8
|
|-
| 1987
| 1,949,700
|71,437||15,930||55,507
|36.2||8.1||28.1
|
|-
| 1988
| 1,997,000
|75,832||17,689||58,143
|37.5||8.7||28.8
|
|-
| 1989
| 2,043,954
|73,593||17,000||56,593
|35.5||8.2||27.3
|
|-
| 1990
| 2,153,466
|73,209||17,559||55,650
|34.9||8.4||26.5
|4.472
|-
| 1991
| 2,177,217
|70,083||18,734||51,349
|32.4||8.7||23.7
|4.009
|-
| 1992
| 2,158,362
|63,258||18,288||44,970
|29.2||8.4||20.8
|3.512
|-
| 1993
| 2,171,898
|47,871||17,606||30,265
|22.1||8.1||14.0
|2.532
|-
| 1994
| 2,206,892
|52,962||16,546||36,416
|24.2||7.6||16.6
|2.694
|-
| 1995
| 2,242,998
|54,293||16,794||37,499
|24.4||7.5||16.9
|2.760
|-
| 1996
| 2,276,016
|51,806||17,550||34,256
|21.8||7.8||14.0
|2.506
|-
| 1997
| 2,307,484
|49,488||16,980||32,508
|21.6||7.4||14.2
|2.351
|-
| 1998
| 2,340,134
|49,256||15,799||33,457
|21.2||6.8||14.4
|2.304
|-
| 1999
| 2,373,493
|49,461||16,105||33,356
|21.0||6.8||14.2
|2.318
|-
| 2000
| 2,403,105
|48,721||15,472||33,249
|20.4||6.5||13.9
|2.243
|-
| 2001
| 2,432,397
|49,685||15,999||33,686
|20.6||6.6||14.0
|2.221
|-
| 2002
| 2,465,657
|46,922||15,857||31,065
|19.2||6.5||12.7
|2.076
|-
| 2003
| 2,495,091
|45,723||16,006||29,717
|18.4||6.5||11.9
|2.014
|-
| 2004
| 2,521,733
|45,501||16,404||29,097
|18.1||6.5||11.6
|1.984
|-
| 2005
| 2,551,081
|45,326||16,480||28,846
|17.9||6.5||11.4
|1.968
|-
| 2006
| 2,583,254
|49,092||16,682||32,410
|19.1||6.5||12.6
|2.081
|-
| 2007
| 2,620,446
|56,636||16,259||40,377
|21.8||6.2||15.6
|2.341
|-
| 2008
| 2,665,955
|63,768||15,413||48,355
|24.1||5.8||18.3
|2.633
|-
| 2009
| 2,716,275
|69,167||16,911||52,256
|25.7||6.3||19.4
|2.753
|-
| 2010
| 2,760,968
|63,270||18,293||44,977
|23.1||6.7||16.4
|2.431
|-
| 2011
| 2,811,666
|69,853||19,155||50,698
|25.1||6.9||18.2
|2.609
|-
| 2012
| 2,867,744
|73,839||17,761||56,078
|26.0||6.3||19.7
|2.741
|-
| 2013
| 2,930,277
|79,780||17,247||62,533
|27.5||5.9||21.6
|3.006
|-
| 2014
| 2,995,949
|82,839||16,521||66,318
|28.0||5.6||22.4
|3.070
|-
| 2015
| 3,057,778
|82,130||17,620||64,510
|27.1||5.8||21.3
|3.015
|-
| 2016
| 3,119,935
|79,920||17,763||62,157
|25.9||5.8||20.1
|2.950
|-
| 2017
| 3,177,899
|75,321||17,357||57,964
|23.9||5.5||18.4
|2.790
|-
| 2018
| 3,238,479
|78,444||17,864||60,580
|24.5||5.6||18.9
|2.920
|-
| 2019
| 3,296,866
|79,580||18,403||61,177
|24.4||5.6||18.8
|2.986
|-
| 2020
| 3,357,542
|77,716||17,040||60,676
|23.4||5.1||18.3
|2.936
|-
| 2021
| 3,409,939
|73,253||20,856||52,397
|21.6||6.2||15.4
|2.785
|}

===Statistik vital saat ini===
<ref>{{cite web|title=Social and economic situation of Mongolia|url=https://1212.mn/BookLibrary.aspx?category=005}}</ref>

{| class="wikitable"  style="text-align:center;"
|+
|-
! Periode
! Kelahiran hidup
! Kematian
! Peningkatan alami
|-
| '''Januari – Oktober 2021'''
| 60,900
| 16,200
| +44,700
|-
| '''Januari – Oktober  2022'''
| 54,100
| 14,800
| +39,300
|-
| '''Perbedaan'''
| {{decrease}} -6,800 (-11.1%)
| {{decreasePositive}} -1,400 (-8.6%)
| {{decrease}} -5,400
|}

=== Harapan hidup ===
{| class="wikitable" style="text-align: center;"
!Periode
!Harapan hidup dalam<br />Tahun
!Periode
!Harapan hidup dalam<br />Tahun
|-
|1950–1955
|43.2
|1985–1990
|59.6
|-
|1955–1960
|46.1
|1990–1995
|60.8
|-
|1960–1965
|50.7
|1995–2000
|61.8
|-
|1965–1970
|53.9
|2000–2005
|64.1
|-
|1970–1975
|56.4
|2005–2010
|66.1
|-
|1975–1980
|56.9
|2010–2015
|68.5
|-
|1980–1985
|57.3
|
|
|}
Sumber: ''UN World Population Prospects''<ref>{{cite web|url=https://esa.un.org/unpd/wpp/DataQuery/|title=World Population Prospects – Population Division – United Nations|access-date=2017-07-15}}</ref>

=== Struktur penduduk ===
[[File:Mongolian Population Pyramid - 2016.png|thumb|Piramida penduduk Mongolia 2016 via. Buku Fakta Dunia CIA]]

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Struktur penduduk (11.11.2010) (Sensus):<ref>{{cite web| url = http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm| url-status = dead| archive-url = https://web.archive.org/web/20040921002557/http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/dyb/dyb2.htm| archive-date = 2004-09-21| title = United Nations Statistics Division - Demographic and Social Statistics}}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Kelompok umur
! width="80pt"|Laki-laki
! width="80pt"|Perempuan
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 1 313 968
| align="right" | 1 333 577
| align="right" | 2 647 545
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0-4
| align="right" | 146 516
| align="right" | 141 981
| align="right" | 288 497
| align="right" | 10.90
|-
| align="right" | 5-9
| align="right" | 110 117
| align="right" | 106 097
| align="right" | 216 214
| align="right" | 8.17
|-
| align="right" | 10-14
| align="right" | 120 064
| align="right" | 116 801
| align="right" | 236 865
| align="right" | 8.95
|-
| align="right" | 15-19
| align="right" | 130 560
| align="right" | 127 085
| align="right" | 257 645
| align="right" | 9.73
|-
| align="right" | 20-24
| align="right" | 147 472
| align="right" | 144 711
| align="right" | 292 183
| align="right" | 11.04
|-
| align="right" | 25-29
| align="right" | 124 490
| align="right" | 123 493
| align="right" | 247 983
| align="right" | 9.37
|-
| align="right" | 30-34
| align="right" | 111 976
| align="right" | 110 546
| align="right" | 222 522
| align="right" | 8.40
|-
| align="right" | 35-39
| align="right" | 100 819
| align="right" | 101 564
| align="right" | 202 383
| align="right" | 7.64
|-
| align="right" | 40-44
| align="right" | 88 273
| align="right" | 90 994
| align="right" | 179 267
| align="right" | 6.77
|-
| align="right" | 45-49
| align="right" | 77 475
| align="right" | 81 281
| align="right" | 158 756
| align="right" | 6.00
|-
| align="right" | 50-54
| align="right" | 58 009
| align="right" | 64 073
| align="right" | 122 082
| align="right" | 4.61
|-
| align="right" | 55-59
| align="right" | 33 384
| align="right" | 38 605
| align="right" | 71 989
| align="right" | 2.72
|-
| align="right" | 60-64
| align="right" | 22 106
| align="right" | 27 347
| align="right" | 49 453
| align="right" | 1.87
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 17 262
| align="right" | 20 970
| align="right" | 38 232
| align="right" | 1.44
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 13 081
| align="right" | 16 251
| align="right" | 29 332
| align="right" | 1.11
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 7 252
| align="right" | 11 365
| align="right" | 18 617
| align="right" | 0.70
|-
| align="right" | 80-84
| align="right" | 3 258
| align="right" | 5 908
| align="right" | 9 166
| align="right" | 0.35
|-
| align="right" | 85-89
| align="right" | 1 378
| align="right" | 3 037
| align="right" | 4 415
| align="right" | 0.17
|-
| align="right" | 90-94
| align="right" | 383
| align="right" | 1 076
| align="right" | 1 459
| align="right" | 0.06
|-
| align="right" | 95-99
| align="right" | 80
| align="right" | 322
| align="right" | 402
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 13
| align="right" | 70
| align="right" | 83
| align="right" | <0.01
|-
! width="50"|Kelompok umur 
! width="80pt"|Laki-laki
! width="80"|Perempuan
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Persentase
|-
| align="right" | 0-14
| align="right" | 376 697
| align="right" | 364 879
| align="right" | 741 576
| align="right" | 28.01
|-
| align="right" | 15-64
| align="right" | 894 564
| align="right" | 909 699
| align="right" | 1 804 263
| align="right" | 68.15
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 42 707
| align="right" | 58 999
| align="right" | 101 706
| align="right" | 3.84
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Struktur populasi (07.01.2013) (Perkiraan) :
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Kelompok umur
! width="80pt"|Laki-laki
! width="80pt"|Perempuan
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 1 409 648
| align="right" | 1 489 363
| align="right" | 2 899 011
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0-4
| align="right" | 158 578
| align="right" | 153 763
| align="right" | 312 341
| align="right" | 10.77
|-
| align="right" | 5-9
| align="right" | 121 534
| align="right" | 118 706
| align="right" | 240 240
| align="right" | 8.29
|-
| align="right" | 10-14
| align="right" | 119 093
| align="right" | 116 891
| align="right" | 235 984
| align="right" | 8.14
|-
| align="right" | 15-19
| align="right" | 125 751
| align="right" | 127 324
| align="right" | 253 075
| align="right" | 8.73
|-
| align="right" | 20-24
| align="right" | 149 565
| align="right" | 154 323
| align="right" | 303 888
| align="right" | 10.48
|-
| align="right" | 25-29
| align="right" | 143 113
| align="right" | 149 877
| align="right" | 292 990
| align="right" | 10.11
|-
| align="right" | 30-34
| align="right" | 122 710
| align="right" | 130 973
| align="right" | 253 683
| align="right" | 8.75
|-
| align="right" | 35-39
| align="right" | 111 396
| align="right" | 119 629
| align="right" | 231 025
| align="right" | 7.97
|-
| align="right" | 40-44
| align="right" | 95 134
| align="right" | 104 034
| align="right" | 199 168
| align="right" | 6.87
|-
| align="right" | 45-49
| align="right" | 82 000
| align="right" | 91 869
| align="right" | 173 868
| align="right" | 6.00
|-
| align="right" | 50-54
| align="right" | 65 965
| align="right" | 75 237
| align="right" | 141 201
| align="right" | 4.87
|-
| align="right" | 55-59
| align="right" | 42 749
| align="right" | 50 508
| align="right" | 93 257
| align="right" | 3.22
|-
| align="right" | 60-64
| align="right" | 25 525
| align="right" | 31 862
| align="right" | 57 386
| align="right" | 1.98
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 17 524
| align="right" | 22 340
| align="right" | 39 864
| align="right" | 1.38
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 14 689
| align="right" | 18 102
| align="right" | 32 790
| align="right" | 1.13
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 8 092
| align="right" | 11 753
| align="right" | 19 845
| align="right" | 0.68
|-
| align="right" | 80-84
| align="right" | 4 126
| align="right" | 7 454
| align="right" | 11 580
| align="right" | 0.40
|-
| align="right" | 85-89
| align="right" | 1 512
| align="right" | 3 020
| align="right" | 4 532
| align="right" | 0.16
|-
| align="right" | 90-94
| align="right" | 509
| align="right" | 1 343
| align="right" | 1 852
| align="right" | 0.06
|-
| align="right" | 95-99
| align="right" | 73 
| align="right" | 281
| align="right" | 354
| align="right" | 0.01
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 15 
| align="right" | 80
| align="right" | 95
| align="right" | <0.01
|-
! width="50"|Kelompok umur 
! width="80pt"|Laki-laki
! width="80"|Perempuan
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Persentase
|-
| align="right" | 0-14
| align="right" | 399 205
| align="right" | 389 360
| align="right" | 788 565
| align="right" | 27.20
|-
| align="right" | 15-64
| align="right" | 963 903
| align="right" | 1 035 630
| align="right" | 1 999 533
| align="right" | 68.97
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 46 540
| align="right" | 64 373
| align="right" | 110 913
| align="right" | 3.83
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

{{Hidden begin 
|title= Penduduk Menurut Jenis Kelamin dan Kelompok Umur (Sensus 09.I.2020): <ref>{{cite web | url=https://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic-social/products/dyb/dyb_2020/ | title=UNSD — Demographic and Social Statistics }}</ref>
|titlestyle = background:#EEBC35;
}}
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! width="80pt"|Kelompok umur
! width="80pt"|Laki-laki
! width="80pt"|Perempuan
! width="80pt"|Total
! width="80pt"|%
|-
| align="right" | Total
| align="right" | 1 576 930
| align="right" | 1 620 090 
| align="right" | 3 197 020
| align="right" | 100
|-
| align="right" | 0–4
| align="right" | 196 803
| align="right" | 186 456
| align="right" | 383 259
| align="right" | 11.99
|-
| align="right" | 5–9
| align="right" | 188 352 
| align="right" | 179 962
| align="right" | 368 314
| align="right" | 11.52
|-
| align="right" | 10–14
| align="right" | 140 208
| align="right" | 134 666
| align="right" | 274 874
| align="right" | 8.60
|-
| align="right" | 15–19
| align="right" | 110 141
| align="right" | 106 626
| align="right" | 216 767
| align="right" | 6.78
|-
| align="right" | 20–24
| align="right" | 113 271 
| align="right" | 112 114
| align="right" | 225 385 
| align="right" | 7.05
|-
| align="right" | 25–29
| align="right" | 130 143
| align="right" | 129 056
| align="right" | 259 199
| align="right" | 8.11
|-
| align="right" | 30–34
| align="right" | 143 491
| align="right" | 143 359
| align="right" | 286 850
| align="right" | 8.97
|-
| align="right" | 35–39
| align="right" | 119 621
| align="right" | 120 173
| align="right" | 239 794
| align="right" | 7.50
|-
| align="right" | 40–44
| align="right" | 106 169
| align="right" | 109 049
| align="right" | 215 218
| align="right" | 6.73
|-
| align="right" | 45–49
| align="right" | 93 162
| align="right" | 98 495
| align="right" | 191 657
| align="right" | 5.99
|-
| align="right" | 50–54
| align="right" | 76 257
| align="right" | 86 183
| align="right" | 162 440
| align="right" | 5.08
|-
| align="right" | 55–59
| align="right" | 64 238
| align="right" | 76 928
| align="right" | 141 166
| align="right" | 4.42
|-
| align="right" | 60–64
| align="right" | 41 768
| align="right" | 54 458
| align="right" | 96 226
| align="right" | 3.01
|-
| align="right" | 65-69
| align="right" | 22 808
| align="right" | 32 535
| align="right" | 55 343
| align="right" | 1.73
|-
| align="right" | 70-74
| align="right" | 12 878
| align="right" | 19 928
| align="right" | 32 806
| align="right" | 1.03
|-
| align="right" | 75-79
| align="right" | 9 984
| align="right" | 15 179
| align="right" | 25 163
| align="right" | 0.79
|-
| align="right" | 80-84
| align="right" | 4 918
| align="right" | 8 293
| align="right" | 13 211
| align="right" | 0.41
|-
| align="right" | 85-89
| align="right" | 2 069
| align="right" | 4 792
| align="right" | 6 861
| align="right" | 0.21
|-
| align="right" | 90-94
| align="right" | 527
| align="right" | 1 370
| align="right" | 1 897
| align="right" | 0.06
|-
| align="right" | 95-99
| align="right" | 110
| align="right" | 401
| align="right" | 511
| align="right" | 0.02
|-
| align="right" | 100+
| align="right" | 12
| align="right" | 67
| align="right" | 79
| align="right" | <0.01
|-
! width="50"|Kelompok umur 
! width="80pt"|Laki-laki
! width="80"|Perempuan
! width="80"|Total
! width="50"|Persentase
|-
| align="right" | 0–14
| align="right" | 525 363
| align="right" | 501 084
| align="right" | 1 026 447
| align="right" | 32.11
|-
| align="right" | 15–64
| align="right" | 998 261
| align="right" | 1 036 441
| align="right" | 2 034 702
| align="right" | 63.64
|-
| align="right" | 65+
| align="right" | 53 306
| align="right" | 82 565
| align="right" | 135 871
| align="right" | 4.25
|-
|}
{{Hidden end}}

== Etnis dan bahasa ==
Demonim untuk orang-orang Mongolia adalah ''Mongolia''. Nama "Mongol" biasanya merujuk pada orang-orang dari [[Mongol|kelompok etnis Mongol]], sehingga mengecualikan kelompok Turki seperti [[Bangsa Kazakh|Kazakh]] dan [[Suku Tuva|Tuva]].

Etnis [[Mongol]] berjumlah sekitar 96% dari populasi dan terdiri dari [[Suku Mongol|Khalkh]] dan kelompok lainnya, semuanya dibedakan terutama oleh dialek [[bahasa Mongolia]]. Khalkh merupakan 86% dari populasi etnis Mongol. 14% sisanya termasuk [[Oirat]], [[Suku Buryat|Buryat]] dan lainnya. Perbedaan etnis di antara subkelompok Mongol relatif kecil. Perbedaan bahasa atau suku bukanlah masalah politik atau sosial.

Etnis penting [[Bahasa Turki|Turki]] penutur [[Bangsa Kazakh|Kazakh]] merupakan 3,9% dari populasi Mongolia. [[Khoton]] dan [[Bangsa Uzbek|Chantuu]] adalah orang Mongol yang berasal dari Turki dan berbicara dalam bahasa Mongolia.

Sekitar tahun 1860, sebagian dari [[Kekhanan Kazakh|Jüz Tengah]] Kazakh yang mencari perlindungan dari pembantaian [[Dinasti Qing|Kekaisaran Qing]] di [[Xinjiang]] datang ke Mongolia dan diizinkan menetap di [[Provinsi Bayan-Ölgii]]. Ada sejumlah kecil orang [[Rusia]], [[Dinasti Han|Cina]], [[Korea]] dan [[Amerika]] yang bekerja di Mongolia sejak tahun 1990. 3.000 [[Dunia Barat|Orang Barat]] tinggal di [[Mongolia]], terhitung 0,1% dari total populasinya.<ref>{{Cite web|url=https://chojbalsan.ucoz.ru/publ/2-1-0-17|title = Монголия - Монголия - Каталог статей - Чойбалсан&#124;Монголия&#124;Ностальгия}}</ref>

[[Bahasa Inggris]] adalah bahasa asing yang paling banyak digunakan dan diikuti oleh [[Bahasa Rusia]]. Akhir-akhir ini, [[Bahasa Tionghoa]],<ref>{{cite web |title="Chinese language fever" in Mongolia on the upswing |url=http://english.hanban.org/article/2016-08/09/content_652567.htm |website=english.hanban.org |access-date=7 February 2020 |archive-date=2016-11-12 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20161112153659/http://english.hanban.org/article/2016-08/09/content_652567.htm |dead-url=yes }}</ref> [[Bahasa Jepang|Jepang]], [[Bahasa Korea|Korea]] dan [[Bahasa Jerman|Jerman]] mendapatkan popularitas di negara itu.

===Etnis===
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:right;"
|+Data sensus nasional<ref>"Монгол улсын ястангуудын тоо, байршилд гарч буй өөрчлөлтуудийн асуудалд" М.Баянтөр, Г.Нямдаваа, З.Баярмаа pp.57-70</ref>
|- bgcolor="#71A6D2" style="font-weight:bold"
| width="120" align="left" height="12" | Kelompok etnis
| width="75" align="right" | Keluarga [[Etnolinguistik]]
| width="75" align="right" | 1956
| width="75" align="right" | 1963
| width="75" align="right" | 1969
| width="75" align="right" | 1979
| width="75" align="right" | 1989
| width="75" align="right" | 2000
| width="75" align="right" | 2010<ref>[http://www.toollogo2010.mn/doc/Main%20results_20110615_to%20EZBH_for%20print.pdf Mongolia National Census 2010 Provision Results. National Statistical Office of Mongolia] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915170555/http://www.toollogo2010.mn/doc/Main%20results_20110615_to%20EZBH_for%20print.pdf |date=September 15, 2011 }} (in Mongolian.)</ref>
| width="75" align="right" | 2020<ref>{{Cite web|title=2020 POPULATION AND HOUSING CENSUS OF MONGOLIA /summary/|url=https://www.1212.mn/BookLibraryDownload.ashx?url=Census2020_Mongolia_Eng.pdf&ln=En|url-status=live|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20210715110250/https://www.1212.mn/BookLibraryDownload.ashx?url=Census2020_Mongolia_Eng.pdf&ln=En |archive-date=2021-07-15 }}</ref>
|-
| height="12" align="left" | [[Suku Mongol|Khalkh]]
|align="left"|[[Rumpun bahasa Mongolik|Mongolik]]
 | 639,141
 | 775,376
 | 911,079
 | 1,235,806
 | 1,610,424
 | 1,934,674
 | 2,168,141
 | 2,659,985
|-
| height="12" align="left" | [[Bangsa Kazakh|Kazakh]]
|align="left"|[[Bahasa Turki|Turki]]
 | 36,729
 | 47,735
 | 62,812
 | 84,305
 | 120,506
 | 102,983
 | 101,526
 | 120,999
|-
| height="12" align="left" | [[Dörbet (Choros clan)|Dörbet]]
|align="left"|[[Rumpun bahasa Mongolik|Mongolik]]
 | 25,667
 | 31,339
 | 34,725
 | 45,053
 | 55,208
 | 66,706
 | 72,403
 | 83,719
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Bayid]]
|align="left"|[[Rumpun bahasa Mongolik|Mongolik]]
 | 15,874
 | 19,891
 | 25,479
 | 31,053
 | 39,233
 | 50,824
 | 56,573
 | 63,775
|-
| height="12" align="left" | [[Buryat]]
|align="left"|[[Rumpun bahasa Mongolik|Mongolik]]
 | 24,625
 | 28,523
 | 29,772
 | 29,802
 | 35,444
 | 40,620
 | 45,087	
 | 43,661
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Zakhchin]]
|align="left"|[[Rumpun bahasa Mongolik|Mongolik]]
 | 15,772
 | 14,399
 | 15,662
 | 18,957
 | 23,478
 | 25,183
 | 32,845
 | 37,407
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Dinasti Ganga Barat|Dariganga]]
|align="left"|[[Rumpun bahasa Mongolik|Mongolik]]
 | 16,852
 | 18,587
 | 20,603
 | 24,564
 | 29,040
 | 31,909
 | 27,412
 | 36,419
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Altai Uriankhai]]
|align="left"|[[bahasa Turki|Turki]]
 | rowspan="2"| 10,833<ref>In the 1956 National Census Darkhad were counted with Uriankhai</ref>
 | 13,140
 | 15,057
 | 19,475
 | 22,998
 | 29,766
 | 26,654
 | 29,021
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Darkhad]]
|align="left"|[[Rumpun bahasa Mongolik|Mongolik]]
 | 8,826
 | 10,174
 | 10,716
 | 14,757
 | 19,019
 | 21,558
 | 24,549
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Ööld|Uuld]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | 15,520
 | 14,666
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Khotogoid]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 7,237
 | 15,460
 | 8,583
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Torghut|Torguud]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | 4,729
 | 6,028
 | 7,119
 | 8,617
 | 10,050
 | 12,628
 | 14,176
 | 15,596
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Khoton]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Turki|Turki]]
 | 2,603
 | 2,874
 | 4,056
 | 4,380
 | 6,076
 | 9,014
 | 11,304
 | 12,057
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Myangad]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | 2,518
 | 2,712
 | 3,222
 | 4,173
 | 4,760
 | 6,028
 | 6,592
 | 8,125
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Suku Tuva|Tuvan]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Turki|Turki]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 4,778
 | 5,169
 | 2,354
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Barga Mongols|Barga]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | 2,458
 | 2,343
 | 2,305
 | 1,999
 | 2,130
 | 2,506
 | 2,989
 | 2,832
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Üzemchin Mongols|Üzemchin]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | 2,046
 | 2,070
 | 2,127
 | 2,030
 | 2,086
 | 2,386
 | 2,577
 | 2,308
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Eljigin]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 151
 | 1,340
 | 1,034
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Sartuul]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 1,540
 | 1,286
 | 2,023
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Hamnigan]] asal Tungusic
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 565
 | 537
 | 384
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Dukha|Tsaatan]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Turki|Turki]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 303
 | 282
 | 208
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Chantuu]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 380
 | 260
 | 202
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Kharchin Mongols|Kharchin]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 266
 | 152
 | 154
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Chahar Mongols|Chahar]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 123
 | 132
 | ...
|-
| height="10" align="left" | [[Khoshut]]
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 |
 | 382
|-
| height="10" align="left" | ([[Huuchid]]){{Efn|name=a}}
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ...
|-
| height="10" align="left" | ([[Baarins|Baarin]]){{Efn|name=a}}
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ...
|-
| height="10" align="left" | ([[Suku Mongol Khorchin|Khorchin]]){{Efn|name=a}}
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ...
|-
| height="10" align="left" | ([[Tümed]]){{Efn|name=a}}
| align="left" |[[Bahasa Mongol|Mongolik]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ...
|-
|- class="sortbottom" bgcolor="#F2F3F4"
| height="10" align="left" colspan="2" | Warga negara [[Rusia]]
 | 13,444
 | 8,905
 | 1,433
 | 196
 | 140
 | 2,020
 | 2,474
 |
|-
|- class="sortbottom" bgcolor="#F2F3F4"
| height="10" align="left" colspan="2" | Warga negara [[Dinasti Han|Cina]]
 | 16,157
 | 21,981
 | 725
 | 344
 | 247
 | 3,374
 | 8,688
 |
|-
|- class="sortbottom" bgcolor="#F2F3F4"
| height="10" align="left" colspan="2" | Warga negara [[Korea]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 338
 | 1,522
 |
|-
|- class="sortbottom" bgcolor="#F2F3F4"
| height="10" align="left" colspan="2" | Warga negara [[Amerika Serikat]]
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 303
 | 656
 |
|-
| height="10" align="left" colspan="2" | Lainnya
 | 11,125
 | 6,819
 | 35,045
 | 8,653
 | 1,509
 | ... 
 | ... 
 | 4,122
|-
|- class="sortbottom" bgcolor="#71A6D2"
|style="font-weight:bold" height="12" align="left" colspan="2" | '''Mongolia'''
 | 845,481
 | 1,017,162
 | 1,188,271
 | 1,538,980
 | 1,987,274
 | 2,365,269
 | 2,754,685
 | 3,174,565
|-
|}
{{notelist|refs={{efn|name=a|Not listed in the Censuses}}}}

===Literasi===
Angka melek huruf adalah persentase penduduk berusia di atas 15 tahun yang dapat membaca dan menulis.

''Total populasi:'' 98,3%<ref name="Census2010">[http://www.toollogo2010.mn/doc/Main%20results_20110615_to%20EZBH_for%20print.pdf National Census 2010 Preliminary results] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20110915170555/http://www.toollogo2010.mn/doc/Main%20results_20110615_to%20EZBH_for%20print.pdf |date=September 15, 2011 }} (in Mongolian)</ref>

Setelah penurunan rasio pendaftaran selama transisi ke ekonomi pasar pada 1990-an, kehadiran di sekolah sekarang sekali lagi mendekati universal: tingkat kehadiran di sekolah dasar diperkirakan sebesar 97%, dan dewasa [[Melek aksara|melek huruf]] sebesar 98%.<ref>For the 2000-2006 and 2000-2005 periods, respectively. [http://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/mongolia.html UNICEF - At a glance: Mongolia] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20171010141342/https://www.unicef.org/infobycountry/mongolia.html |date=2017-10-10 }}, accessed June 15th, 2006</ref>

== Agama ==
{{Main|Agama di Mongolia}}
[[Image:Enfant de Mongolie.jpg|thumb|right|200px|Anak laki-laki di Mongolia]]
Berbagai bentuk syamanisme telah dipratikkan secara luas di tempat yang sekarang disebut Mongolia. Kepercayaan semacam ini cukup umum di komunitas nomad di Asia. Keyakinan ini secara berangsur digantikan oleh [[Buddhisme Tibet]]. Meski begitu, praktik syamanisme masih meninggalkan bekas dalam tradisi religi di Mongolia, dan masih dipraktikkan hingga saat ini.

Secara tradisional, Buddhisme Tibet merupakan agama yang dominan. Namun, identitas agama ini mendapat tekanan di bawah rezim komunis sampai tahun 1990, dengan hanya satu biara umum yang diperbolehkan untuk tetap eksis di Mongolia saat itu. Dimulai tahun 1990, ketika liberalisasi menyeruak, Buddhisme kembali bangkit.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
|+ Agama di Mongolia<br><small>(penduduk berusia 15 tahun ke atas)<ref name="Census2010" /></small>
|-
! Agama !! Populasi!!%
|-
| Buddha || 909.357 || 53
|-
| Islam || 190.702 || 3,0
|-
| Shaman || 155.174 || 2,9
|-
| Kekristenan || 41.117 || 2,1
|-
| Agama lainnya || 6.933 || 0,4
|-
| Ateis || 835.283 || 40
|-
| '''Total''' || ''3.000.000'' || '''100,0'''
|}

== Urbanisasi ==
Kehidupan di [[Mongolia]] yang jarang penduduknya telah menjadi lebih urban. Hampir separuh penduduknya tinggal di ibu kota, [[Ulaanbaatar]], dan di pusat-pusat provinsi lainnya. Kehidupan semi nomaden masih mendominasi di pedesaan, tetapi komunitas pertanian menetap menjadi lebih umum. Tingkat pertumbuhan populasi Mongolia diperkirakan sebesar 1,6% (sensus 2020). Sekitar dua pertiga dari total populasi berusia di bawah 30 tahun, 36% di antaranya berusia di bawah 14 tahun.

Kunci: Untuk pertumbuhan penduduk 1979 - 2008

* Sel salmon menunjukkan bahwa populasinya menurun atau mengalami pertumbuhan minimal (<1%).
* Sel hijau muda menunjukkan pertumbuhan antara 1-2%.
* Sel hijau tua menunjukkan pertumbuhan lebih besar dari atau sama dengan 2%.

{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-----
! Ranking
! Nama
! Mongolian
! Penduduk<br>(perkiraan 1979<ref name="citypopulation.de">{{cite web| url = http://www.citypopulation.de/Mongolia_d.html| title = City Population - Historical population figures}}</ref><ref>Statistisches Bundesamt: Statistik des Auslands - Mongolei, 1985</ref><ref>Encyclopedia "Cartactual," published 01/01/85</ref>)
! Penduduk<br>(perkiraan 1989<ref name="citypopulation.de"/><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.nso.mn/eng/index.php |title=NSO |access-date=2010-03-22 |url-status=dead |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090103190133/http://www.nso.mn/eng/index.php |archive-date=2009-01-03 }} National Statistical Office of Mongolia (accessed May 2, 2007)</ref>)
! Penduduk<br>(sensus 2000<ref name="citypopulation.de"/><ref>(2000) PADCO: Mongolia Urban Development and Housing Sector Strategy, Final Report, Vol. 2, published 2005.</ref>)
! Penduduk<br>(perkiraan&nbsp;2008<ref name="citypopulation.de"/>)
! Perubahan sejak 1979
! Persentase Pertumbuhan/Tahun
! Unit<br>Administratif
|-----
|align="right" | 1. || [[Ulaanbaatar]] <sup>*</sup> || Улаанбаатар ||  style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 396,300 ||  style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |540,600||   style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |711,900||  style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 1,008,738||  style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | 612,438 || style="text-align: center; background:Green;" |''+5.2%''|| [[Ulaanbaatar]]
|-----
|align="right" | 2. || [[Erdenet]] || Эрдэнэт ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 29,100 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |-||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 68,310 ||   style="text-align: center; background:;" |86,866||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 57,766 || style="text-align: center; background:Green;" |''+6.6%''||  [[Orkhon Province|Orkhon]]
|-----
|align="right" | 3. || [[Darkhan (kota)|Darkhan]] || Дархан ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 49,100 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |-||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 65,791 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |74,300||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 25,200 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |''+1.7%''||  [[Darkhan-Uul Province|Darkhan-Uul]]
|-----
|align="right" | 4. || [[Choibalsan (kota)|Choibalsan]] || Чойбалсан ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 28,500 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |37,300||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 40,123 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |38,150||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 9,650 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |''+1.1%'' || [[Dornod Province|Dornod]]
|-----
|align="right" | 5. || [[Mörön (kota)|Mörön]] || Мөрөн ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 16,500 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |21,300||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 28,903 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |36,082||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 19,582 || style="text-align: center; background:Green;" |''+4.0%''|| [[Khövsgöl Province|Khövsgöl]]
|-----
|align="right" | 6. || [[Nalaikh]] || Налайх ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | - ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |-||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 23,600 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |29,115||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 5,515 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |''+3.0%''|| [[Ulaanbaatar]]
|-----
|align="right" | 7. || [[Khovd (kota)|Khovd]] || Ховд ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 17,500 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |24,100||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 25,765 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 28,601||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 11,101 || style="text-align: center; background:Green;" |''+2.1%''|| [[Khovd Province|Khovd]]
|-----
|align="right" | 8. || [[Ölgii (kota)|Ölgii]] || Өлгий ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 18,700 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |27,200||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 25,791 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 27,855||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 9,155 ||  style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |''+1.6%''|| [[Bayan-Ölgii Province|Bayan-Ölgii]]
|-----
|align="right" | 9. || [[Bayankhongor]] || Баянхонгор ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 16,300 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |21,200||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 22,066||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 26,252||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 9,952 || style="text-align: center; background:Green;" |''+2.0%''|| [[Bayankhongor Province|Bayankhongor]]
|-----
|align="right" | 10. || [[Baganuur]] || Багануур ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | - ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |-||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 21,100 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 25,877||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 4,777 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |''+1.8%''|| [[Ulaanbaatar]]
|-----
|align="right" | 11. || [[Arvaikheer]] || Багануур ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 12,300 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |16,900||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 19,058 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |25,622||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 13,322 || style="text-align: center; background:Green;" |''+3.6%''|| [[Övörkhangai Province|Övörkhangai]]
|-----
|align="right" | 12. || [[Ulaangom]] || Улаангом ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 17,900 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |22,900||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 25,993 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |21,406||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 3,506 || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |''+0.67%''|| [[Uvs Province|Uvs]]
|-----
|align="right" | 13. || [[Sükhbaatar (kota)|Sükhbaatar]] || Сүхбаатар ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 14,300 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |19,600||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 22,374 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |19,626||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 5,326 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |''+1.2%''|| [[Selenge Province|Selenge]]
|-----
|align="right" | 14. || [[Sainshand, Mongolia|Sainshand]] || Сайншанд ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 11,100 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |10,300||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 18,290 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |25,210||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 14,110 || style="text-align: center; background:Green;" |''+4.2%''|| [[Dornogovi Province|Dornogovi]]
|-----
|align="right" | 15. || [[Dalanzadgad]] || Даланзадгад ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 10,000 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |14,300||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 14,050 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |16,856||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 6,856 || style="text-align: center; background:Green;" |''+2.3%''|| [[Ömnögovi Province|Ömnögovi]]
|-----
|align="right" | 16. || [[Tsetserleg (kota)|Tsetserleg]] || Цэцэрлэг ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 14,700 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |20,300||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 18,519 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |16,300||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 1,600 || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |''+0.37%'' || [[Arkhangai Province|Arkhangai]]
|-----
|align="right" | 17. || [[Uliastai]] || Улиастай ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 15,400 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;"|20,300||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 18,154 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |16,240||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 840 || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |''+0.17%''|| [[Zavkhan Province|Zavkhan]]
|-----
|align="right" | 18. || [[Altai (kota)|Altai]] || Алтай ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 13,700 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |18,800||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 15,741 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |15,800||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 2,100 || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |''+0.5%''|| [[Govi-Altai Province|Govi-Altai]]
|-----
|align="right" | 19. || [[Züünkharaa, Selenge|Züünkharaa]] || Зүүнхараа ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 11,400 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | - ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 15,000<sup>(2004)</sup> ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | - ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 3,600 ||  style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |''+1.1%''|| [[Selenge Province|Selenge]]
|-----
|align="right" | 20. || [[Öndörkhaan]] || Өндөрхаан ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 11,100 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |14,400||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 18,003 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |14,800||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 3,700 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |''+1.1%''|| [[Khentii Province|Khentii]]
|-----
|align="right" | 21. || [[Zuunmod]] || Зуунмод ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 9,800 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |15,800||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 14,837 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |14,568||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 4,768 || style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" |''+1.6%''|| [[Töv Province|Töv]]
|-----
|align="right" | 22. || [[Baruun-Urt]] || Баруун-Урт ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 11,600 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |16,100||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 15,133 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |12,994||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 1,394 || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |''+0.4%''|| [[Sükhbaatar Province|Sükhbaatar]]
|-----
|align="right" | 23. || [[Zamyn-Üüd]] || Замын-Үүд ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | - ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |-||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 5,486 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |11,527||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 6,041 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Green;" | ''+13.8%'' || [[Dornogovi Province|Dornogovi]]
|-----
|align="right" | 24. || [[Bulgan (city)|Bulgan]] || Булган ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 11,300 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |12,800||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 12,681 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |11,198||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | -102 || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |''-0.03%''|| [[Bulgan Province|Bulgan]]
|-----
|align="right" | 25. || [[Mandalgovi]] || Мандалговь ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 10,200 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |16,100||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | 14,517 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |10,299||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 99 || style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |''+0.03%''|| [[Dundgovi Province|Dundgovi]]
|-----
|align="right" | 26. || [[Kharkhorin]] || Хархорин ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | - ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |-||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 8,977<sup>(2003)</sup> ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | - ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |- ||  style="text-align: center; background:LightGreen;" | ''n/a%'' || [[Övörkhangai Province|Övörkhangai]]
|-----
|align="right" | 27. || [[Bor-Öndör]] || Бор-Өндөр ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | - ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |-||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 6,406<sup>(2001)</sup> ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |8,902||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 2,496 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Green;" | ''+3.5%'' || [[Khentii Province|Khentii]]
|-----
|align="right" | 28. || [[Choir, Mongolia|Choir]] || Чойр ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 4,500 ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" |-||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 8,983 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |7,998||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 3,498 || style="text-align: center; background:Green;" |''+2.6%''|| [[Govisümber Province|Govisümber]]
|-----
|align="right" | 29. || [[Sharyngol, Darkhan-Uul|Sharyngol]] || Шарынгол  ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | - ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | - ||  style="text-align: center; background:;" | 8,902 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" |7,798||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | -1,104 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Salmon;" | ''-2.8%'' || [[Darkhan-Uul Province|Darkhan-Uul]]
|-----
|align="right" |  || [[Mongolia]] || Монгол улс ||  style="text-align: center; background:LightBlue;" | 1,538,980 ||  style="text-align: center; background:LightBlue;" | 1,987,274 ||  style="text-align: center; background:LightBlue;" | 2,365,269 ||  style="text-align: center; background:LightBlue;" |2,635,000||  style="text-align: center; background:LightBlue;" | 1,096,600 ||  style="text-align: center; background:Green;" | ''+2.38%'' ||
|}

== Indikator demografi dasar untuk Mongolia ==

{| class="wikitable"
! colspan=6 | Indikator demografi dasar untuk Mongolia
|-
!Indikator [[Demografi]]
!Unit
!Basis data<br />Internasional<br />[[Biro Sensus Amerika Serikat]]<br />1 Juli 2007<ref>[https://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/mgportal.html U.S. Census Bureau International Data Base - Mongolia Country Summary] {{webarchive |url=https://web.archive.org/web/20121002211857/http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/mgportal.html |date=October 2, 2012 }}</ref>
!Prospek<br />Populasi Dunia<br />[[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]]: <br />Revisi 2007<br />1 Juli 2007<ref>{{cite web| url = https://www.un.org/esa/population/publications/wpp2006/WPP2006_Highlights_rev.pdf| title = United Nations World Population Prospects: The 2007 Revision}}</ref>
!Komisi Ekonomi dan Sosial<br />[[Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa|PBB]]<br />untuk Asia<br /> dan Pasifik([[Komisi Ekonomi dan Sosial Perserikatan Bangsa-Bangsa untuk Asia dan Pasifik|ESCAP]])<br />1 Juli 2006<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2007/index.asp |title=United Nations ESCAP 2007 Statistical Yearbook |access-date=2008-04-02 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20170105062237/http://www.unescap.org/stat/data/syb2007/index.asp |archive-date=2017-01-05 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
!Kantor Statistik Nasional Mongolia<br />31 Desember 2007<ref name="E2008">Statistical Yearbook of Mongolia 2007, National Statistical Office, Ulaanbaatar, 2008</ref>
|-
| align=right |'''[[Populasi]]'''
| orang
| align=right | 2,951,786
| align=right | 2,629,000
| align=right | 2,605,000
| align=right | 2,635,200
|-
| align=right | '''Struktur usia''': 0–14 tahun:
| % total populasi
| align=right | 28.72
| align=right | 27
| align=right | 28
| align=right | 28.58
|-
|align=right | Struktur usia: 15–59 tahun:
| % total populasi
| align=right | 65.56
| align=right | 67
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 65.36
|-
| align=right | Struktur usia: 60 tahun ke atas:
| % total populasi
| align=right | 5.72
| align=right | 6
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 6.06
|-
|  align=right |'''[[Pertumbuhan penduduk|Tingkat pertumbuhan populasi]]''' :
|%
| align=right | 1.486
| align=right | 1.20
| align=right | 0.9
| align=right | 1.545
|-
|  align=right |'''[[Tingkat kelahiran]]''':
| kelahiran/1,000 populasi
| align=right | 21.07
| align=right | 18.5
| align=right | 19.7 <sup>(2000–2005)</sup>
| align=right | 21.7
|-
|  align=right |'''[[Tingkat kematian]]''':
| kematian/1,000 populasi
| align=right | 6.21
| align=right | 6.6
| align=right | 6.9 <sup>(2000–2005)</sup>
| align=right | 6.2
|-
|  align=right |'''[[Daftar negara menurut tingkat migrasi bersih|Tingkat migrasi bersih]]''':
| migrasi/1,000 populasi
| align=right | 0
| align=right | 0
| align=right | -4.0 <sup>(2000–2005)</sup>
| align=right | n.a.
|-
| align=right | '''[[Rasio jenis kelamin manusia|Rasio jenis kelamin]]''':  saat lahir:
|Laki-laki/perempuan
| align=right | 1.0500
| align=right | 1.01
| align=right | 1.0424
| align=right | 1.0310
|-
| align=right | Rasio jenis kelamin:  dibawah 15 tahun:
|Laki-laki/perempuan
| align=right | 1.0408
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 1.0153
| align=right | 1.0193
|-
|align=right | Rasio jenis kelamin:  15–59 tahun:
|Laki-laki/perempuan
| align=right | 1.0003
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 0.9414
| align=right | 0.9379
|-
| align=right | Rasio jenis kelamin:  60 tahun ke atas:
|Laki-laki/perempuan
| align=right | 0.8169
| align=right | 0.80
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 0.7933
|-
| align=right | Rasio jenis kelamin:  total populasi:
|Laki-laki/Perempuan
| align=right | 1.0002
| align=right | 0.9947
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 0.9508
|-
|  align=right |'''Rasio dukungan potensial''':
| orang berusia 15 sampai 64 <br/> per orang berusia 65 atau lebih
| align=right | 17.47
| align=right | 17
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 16.33
|-
|  align=right |'''[[Kematian bayi|Angka kematian bayi]]''':
| kematian/1,000 kelahiran hidup
| align=right | 42.65
| align=right | 40
| align=right | 39 <sup>(2005)</sup>
| align=right | 15.4
|-
|  align=right |'''Kematian di bawah usia 5 tahun''':
| kematian/1,000
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 55
| align=right | 49 <sup>(2005)</sup>
| align=right | 22
|-
| align=right | Total populasi '''[[Harapan hidup|kemungkinan hidup saat lahir]]''':
|years
| align=right | 66.99
| align=right | 68
| align=right | 65.1 <sup>(2000–2005)</sup>
| align=right | 66.54
|-
| align=right | Harapan hidup saat lahir laki-laki:
|tahun
| align=right | 64.61
| align=right | 64
| align=right | 61.9 <sup>(2000–2005)</sup>
| align=right | 63.13
|-
| align=right | Harapan hidup saat lahir perempuan:
|tahun
| align=right | 69.48
| align=right | 70
| align=right | 68.4 <sup>(2000–2005)</sup>
| align=right | 70.23
|-
|  align=right |'''[[Tingkat kelahiran]]''':
| anak yang lahir/perempuan
| align=right | 2.2517
| align=right | 1.9
| align=right | 2.1 <sup>(2000–2005)</sup>
| align=right | 2.3
|-
|  align=right |'''Khusus usia [[Angka kesuburan total|tingkat kesuburan]]''':
| Usia 15–19 (per 1,000)
| align=right | 22.5
| align=right | 45
| align=right | 49.7 <sup>(2000–2005)</sup>
| align=right | 18.7
|-
|  align=right |'''Populasi [[Urbanisasi|Urban]]''':
| % dari total populasi
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 57
| align=right | 56.8
| align=right | 60.75
|-
| align=right | '''[[Pendapatan kotor|Rasio kotor pendaftaran sekolah menengah]]''' laki-laki:
|%
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 84
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 92.1
|-
| align=right | Rasio kotor pendaftaran sekolah menengah perempuan:
|%
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 95
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 95.6
|-
| align=right | '''Tingkat prevalensi [[Pengaturan kelahiran|kontrasepsi]]''' semua metode:
|% wanita berusia 15 sampai 49 <br/> yang menikah atau hidup bersama
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 67.4
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | n.a.
|-
| align=right | Tingkat prevalensi kontrasepsi metode modern:
|% wanita berusia 15 sampai 49 <br/> yang menikah atau hidup bersama
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 54.3
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | n.a.
|-
|  align=right |'''Penyandang [[Disabilitas]]''':
| % dari total populasi
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 3.5
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | n.a.
|-
|  align=right |'''[[Garis kemiskinan|Tingkat kemiskinan]] Nasional''':
| % dari total populasi
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 35.6
| align=right | 36.1 <sup>(2002)</sup>
| align=right | 32.2
|-
|  align=right |'''[[Indeks Pembangunan Manusia]]''':
| % dari total populasi
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 0.691
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | 0.720
|-
| align=right | '''Populasi diproyeksikan''' hingga 2025:
|orang
| align=right | 3,725,352
| align=right | 3,112,000
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | n.a.
|-
| align=right | Populasi diproyeksikan hingga 2050:
| orang
| align=right | 4,340,496
| align=right | 3,388,000
| align=right | n.a.
| align=right | n.a.
|-
|}
{{Clear}}

==Lihat pula==
*[[Hukum kewarganegaraan Mongolia]]
*[[Kelompok etnis di Asia Timur]]
*[[Buddhisme di Asia Timur]]
*[https://www.mn.undp.org/content/mongolia/en/home/library/National-Human-Development-Reports/Mongolia-Human-Development-Report-1997.html ''Mongolia Human Development Report 1997''], UNDP Mongolia Communications Office, Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia 1997

== Referensi ==
{{reflist}}

[[Kategori:Demografi Mongolia| ]]
[[Kategori:Masyarakat Mongolia| ]]