Niall Noígíallach
Niall Noígíallach (pelafalan dalam bahasa Irlandia: [ˈniːəl noɪˈɣiːələx], Bahasa Irlandia Lama yang berarti "memiliki enam sanderas"),[1] atau dalam bahasa Indonesia, Niall dari Sembilan Sandera, putra dari Eochaid Mugmedón, adalah seorang raja Irlandia, kakek moyang eponim dari keluarga Uí Néill yang mendominasi Irlandia sejak abad ke-6 hingga abad ke-10. Kebangkitan dinasti Uí Néill dan penaklukan mereka di Ulster dan Leinster tidak tercatat dengan lengkap, tetapi masih menjadi subjek studi dan upaya rekonstruksi masa kini.
Meski secara umum dianggap sebagai tokoh sejarah, sedikit yang bisa dikatakan tentang kehidupan Niall. Sumber-sumber rincian kehidupan Niall adalah genealogi raja-raja bersejarah, yaitu bagian "Roll of Kings" dari Lebor Gabála Érenn, annal Irlandia seperti Annals of the Four Masters, kronik seperti Foras Feasa ar Éirinn karya Geoffrey Keating, dan kisah legendaris seperti "The Adventure of the Sons of Eochaid Mugmedon" dan "The Death of Niall of the Nine Hostages". Sumber-sumber ini muncul jauh setelah masa Niall dan nilai sejarahnya terbatas.
Niall masuk dalam daftar Raja Tinggi Irlandia tradisional. Masa kekuasaannya diperkirakan sejak akhir abad ke-4 sampai awal abad ke-5. Annals of the Four Masters mencatat ia naik tahta tahun 378 dan wafat tahun 405.[2] Kronologi Foras Feasa ar Éirinn Keating juga menyetujui hal ini dan menyebut masa kekuasaannya pada 368-395, serta mengaitkan aktivitas penyerangannya di Britania dengan penculikan Saint Patrick (ca. 390-461).[3] Akan tetapi, Roll of Kings dan kronologinya sekarang dianggap buatan saja. Kerajaan Tinggi belum terwujud sampai abad ke-9, dan status legendaris Niall dikembangkan sesuai kepentingan politik dinasti yang ia dirikan. Berdasarkan genealogi Uí Néill dan tanggal yang dicantumkan untuk kemungkinan putra dan cucunya, para sejarawan modern percaya ia hidup 50 tahun lebih lama daripada tanggal tradisional dan wafat sekitar tahun 450.[4]
Silsilah keluarga
[sunting | sunting sumber]Tebal menandakan Raja Tinggi Irlandia.
| Tuathal Teachtmhar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fedlimid Rechtmar | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conn Cétchathach | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Art mac Cuinn | Son | Son | Son | Son | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cormac mac Airt | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cairbre Lifechair | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Fíacha Sroiptine | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muiredach Tirech | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mongfind | Eochaid Mugmedon | Cairenn | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Brion | Fiachrae | Ailill | Niall Noígíallach | Fergus | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Conall Gulban | Endae | Eogan | Coirpre | Lóegaire | Maine | Conall Cremthainne | Fiachu | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muirdeach | Cormac Caech | Lughaid mac Loeguire | Fergus Cerrbel | Ardgal | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Muirchertach mac Ercae | Tuathal Máelgarb | Diarmait mac Cerbaill | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Didahului oleh: Eochaid Mugmedon |
Raja Connachta ?–c.450 |
Diteruskan oleh: Amalgaid mac Fiachrae |
| Didahului oleh: Crimthann mac Fidaig |
Raja Tinggi Irlandia Legendaris FFE 368-395 AFM 378-405 |
Diteruskan oleh: Nath Í |
Referensi
[sunting | sunting sumber]- ^ noí, nine; gíall, a human pledge or hostage; the possessive suffix -ach (Dictionary of the Irish Language, Compact Edition, 1990, pp. 360, 479-480; Rudolf Thurneysen, A Grammar of Old Irish, 1946, p. 220). Also spelled Noí nGiallach, Naígiallach, Naoighiallach etc
- ^ Annals of the Four Masters M378-405
- ^ Geoffrey Keating, Foras Feasa ar Éirinn 1.48, 1.49, 1.50, 51, 52
- ^ Francis J. Byrne, Irish Kings and High-Kings, Second Edition, Dublin: Four Courts Press, 2001, Chapter 5, ISBN 978-1-85182-196-9
Bacaan lanjutan
[sunting | sunting sumber]- Bhreathnach, Edel (2005), The Kingship and Landscape of Tara, Dublin: Four Courts Press, ISBN 1-85182-954-7
- Burke, Bernard (1976), Burke's Irish family records, London: Burke's Peerage, ISBN 0-85011-018-1
- Byrne, Francis John (2001), Irish Kings and High-Kings, Dublin: Four Courts Press, ISBN 1-85182-196-1
- Thomas Charles-Edwards, Charles-Edwards, Thomas (2007), Early Christian Ireland, Cambridge University Press, ISBN 0-521-03716-6
- Cross, Tom Peete and Clark Harris Slover (eds.), "The Adventures of the Sons of Eochaid Mugmedon", in Ancient Irish Tales. Henry Holt and Company. 1936. Pages 508-13.
- Ambassador Walter Curley, Vanishing Kingdoms: The Irish Chiefs and their Families. Dublin: Lilliput Press. 2004.
- Myles Dillon, The Cycles of the Kings. Oxford. 1946. (Four Courts Press edition, 1995.)
- Duffy, Seán (ed.), Medieval Ireland: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. 2005.
- FitzPatrick, Elizabeth (2004), Royal Inauguration in Gaelic Ireland c. 1100-1600: A Cultural Landscape Study, Boydell Press, ISBN 1-84383-090-6
- Patrick Weston Joyce, A Social History of Ancient Ireland, Vol. I and A Social History of Ancient Ireland, Vol. II. Longmans, Green, and Co. 1903.
- Geoffrey Keating, with David Comyn and Patrick S. Dinneen (trans.), The History of Ireland by Geoffrey Keating. 4 Vols. London: David Nutt for the Irish Texts Society. 1902-14.
- Foster, Roy (ed.), The Oxford Illustrated History of Ireland. Oxford University Press. 2001.
- Joynt, Maud (ed. & tr.), "Echtra Mac Echdach Mugmedóin", in Ériu 4 (1910): 91-111.
- Koch, John T. (ed.), Celtic Culture: A Historical Encyclopedia. 5 volumes or single ebook. ABC-CLIO. 2006.
- MacKillop, James, A Dictionary of Celtic Mythology. Oxford. 1998.
- Edward MacLysaght, Irish Families: Their Names, Arms and Origins. Irish Academic Press. 4th edition, 1998.
- Mac Niocaill, Gearóid, Ireland before the Vikings. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. 1972.
- Kuno Meyer (ed.), "The Laud Genealogies and Tribal Histories", in Zeitschrift für Celtische Philologie 8. Halle/Saale, Max Niemeyer. 1912. Pages 291-338.
- Moore, Laoise T., Brian McEvoy, Eleanor Cape, Katharine Simms and Daniel G. Bradley, "A Y-Chromosome Signature of Hegemony in Gaelic Ireland." The American Journal of Human Genetics 78 (February 2006): 334-8.
- Ó Canann, Tomás G., Book Review: Brian Lacey, Cenél Conaill and the Donegal Kingdoms, AD 500-800 Diarsipkan 2008-06-13 di Wayback Machine., Royal Society of Antiquaries of Ireland
- Donnchadh Ó Corráin (ed.), Genealogies from Rawlinson B 502. University College, Cork: Corpus of Electronic Texts. 1997.
- Ó Corráin, Donnchadh, Ireland before the Normans. Dublin: Gill and Macmillan. 1972.
- Dáibhí Ó Cróinín (ed.), A New History of Ireland: Prehistoric and Early Ireland, Vol. 1. Oxford University Press. 2005.
- John O'Donovan (scholar) (ed. and tr.), Annala Rioghachta Eireann. Annals of the Kingdom of Ireland by the Four Masters, from the Earliest Period to the Year 1616. 7 vols. Royal Irish Academy. Dublin. 1848-51. 2nd edition, 1856.
- Standish Hayes O'Grady (ed. and tr.), "Death of Crimthann son of Fidach, and of Eochaidh Muighmedóin's three sons: Brian, Ailill, Fiachra", in Silva Gadelica Williams and Norgate. 1892. Pages 373-8. (also available here)
- O'Grady, Standish H. (ed. and tr.), "The Story of Eochaidh Muighmedóin's Sons", in Silva Gadelica Williams and Norgate. 1892. Pages 368-73.
- John O'Hart, Irish Pedigrees. Dublin. 5th edition, 1892.
- T.F. O'Rahilly, Early Irish History and Mythology. Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies. 1946.
- Richter, Michael, Medieval Ireland: The Enduring Tradition. Palgrave Macmillan. 1996.
- Whitley Stokes (ed. and tr.), "Aided Chrimthaind Maic Fhidaig: The Death of Crimthann mac Fidaig", in Revue Celtique 24. 1903. Pages 172-189.
- Stokes, Whitley (ed. and tr.), "Echtra Mac nEchach Muigmedóin: The Adventures of the Sons of Eochaid Muigmedóin", in Revue Celtique 24. 1903. Pages 190-207.
- Welch, Robert (ed.) with Bruce Stewart, The Oxford Companion to Irish Literature. Oxford University Press. 1996.
Pranala luar
[sunting | sunting sumber]- eDIL: electronic Dictionary of the Irish Language
- Aided Chrimthainn meic Fhidaig 7 Trí Mac Echach Muigmedóin Diarsipkan 2008-05-07 di Wayback Machine.
- Echtra Mac nEchach Muigmedóin Diarsipkan 2008-11-20 di Wayback Machine.
- Aided Néill Noígíallaig Diarsipkan 2008-11-20 di Wayback Machine.
- Orcuin Néill Noígíallaig Diarsipkan 2008-10-07 di Wayback Machine.
- Baile Chuinn Cétchathaigh Diarsipkan 2008-11-20 di Wayback Machine.
- Irish Kings
- High Kings of Ireland