Suku Kharia

Kharia
	Wanita Kharia memakai pakaian adatnya
Jumlah populasi
	482.754 (2011)
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
	India
Odisha	222.844
Jharkhand	196.135
Chhattisgarh	49.032
Bihar	11.569
Madhya Pradesh	2.429
Bahasa
	Kharia; Oriya; Sadri;
Agama
	Mayoritas; Hindu; Minoritas; Kristen, Sarna sthal
Kelompok etnik terkait
	Juang; Munda; Ho; Santhal;

Kharia adalah suku di India timur dan tengah.^[3] Mereka menuturkan bahasa Kharia, yang merupakan bagian dari cabang Munda dari rumpun bahasa Austroasia. Mereka dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok yang dikenal sebagai Bukit Kharia, Delki Kharia dan Dudh Kharia.^[4]

Sejarah

Menurut ahli bahasa bernama Paul Sidwell, penutur Munda Kuno tiba di Odisha dari Asia Tenggara sekitar 4000–3500 tahun lalu.^[5] Penutur bahasa Austroasia menyebar dan bercampur dengan penduduk lokal India.^[6]

Referensi

Catatan kaki

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Diakses tanggal 13 November 2017.
^ ^a ^b "ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community - Odisha". census.gov.in. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2020.
^ V., Upadhyay (1980). Kharia : then and now. [Place of publication not identified]: Brill. ISBN 0391018388. OCLC 948680446.
^ Kharia-English Lexicon. Universität Leipzig, Germany: Himalyan Linguists. 2009. hlm. VIII – via Open Edition. the (Dudh) Kharia are also one of the most highly educated ethnic groups in all of India, with some estimates as to their rate of literacy running as high as 90%.
^ Sidwell, Paul. 2018. Austroasiatic Studies: state of the art in 2018 Diarsipkan 2019-05-03 di Wayback Machine.. Presentation at the Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, 22 May 2018.
^ Schliesinger, Joachim (2016). Origin of the Tai People 3: Genetic and Archaeological Approaches (dalam bahasa Inggris). Booksmango. hlm. 71. ISBN 9781633239623. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2019.

Daftar pustaka

Mukhopadhyay, C. (1998). Kharia: the victim of social stigma. Calcutta: K.P. Bagchi & Co. ISBN 81-7074-203-X
Dash, J. (1998). Human ecology of foragers: a study of the Kharia (Savara), Ujia (Savara), and Birhor in Similipāl hills. New Delhi: Commonwealth. ISBN 81-7169-551-5
Sinha, A. P. (1989). Religious life in tribal India: a case-study of Dudh Kharia. New Delhi: Classical Pub. Co. ISBN 81-7054-079-8
Sinha, D. (1984). The hill Kharia of Purulia: a study on the impact of poverty on a hunting and gathering tribe. Calcutta: Anthropological Survey of India, Govt. of India.
Banerjee, G. C. (1982). Introduction to the Khariā language. New Delhi: Bahri Publications.
Doongdoong, A. (1981). The Kherias of Chotanagpur: a source book. [Ranchi]: Doongdoong.
Vidyarthi, L. P., & Upadhyay, V. S. (1980). The Kharia, then and now: a comparative study of Hill, Dhelki, and Dudh Kharia of the central-eastern region of India. New Delhi: Concept.
Biligiri, H. S. (1965). Kharia; phonology, grammar and vocabulary. Poona: [Deccan College Postgraduate and Research Institute].

Pranala luar

[census-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f "Census of India Website : Office of the Registrar General & Census Commissioner, India". www.censusindia.gov.in. Diakses tanggal 13 November 2017.

[Religion-2] "ST-14 Scheduled Tribe Population By Religious Community - Odisha". census.gov.in. Diakses tanggal 12 February 2020.

[Upadhyay-3] V., Upadhyay (1980). Kharia : then and now. [Place of publication not identified]: Brill. ISBN 0391018388. OCLC 948680446.

[4] Kharia-English Lexicon. Universität Leipzig, Germany: Himalyan Linguists. 2009. hlm. VIII – via Open Edition. the (Dudh) Kharia are also one of the most highly educated ethnic groups in all of India, with some estimates as to their rate of literacy running as high as 90%.

[5] Sidwell, Paul. 2018. Austroasiatic Studies: state of the art in 2018 Diarsipkan 2019-05-03 di Wayback Machine.. Presentation at the Graduate Institute of Linguistics, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan, 22 May 2018.

[6] Schliesinger, Joachim (2016). Origin of the Tai People 3: Genetic and Archaeological Approaches (dalam bahasa Inggris). Booksmango. hlm. 71. ISBN 9781633239623. Diakses tanggal 29 September 2019.

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