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Machine Learning Methods for Inflation Forecasting in Brazil: new contenders versus classical models
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Machine Learning Methods for Inflation Forecasting in Brazil: new contenders versus classical models

Author

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  • Gustavo Silva Araujo
  • Wagner Piazza Gaglianone

Abstract

In this paper, we explore machine learning (ML) methods to improve inflation forecasting in Brazil. An extensive out-of-sample forecasting exercise is designed with multiple horizons, a large database of 501 series, and 50 forecasting methods, including new machine learning techniques proposed here, traditional econometric models and forecast combination methods. We also provide tools to identify the key variables to predict inflation, thus helping to open the ML black box. Despite the evidence of no universal best model, the results indicate machine learning methods can, in numerous cases, outperform traditional econometric models in terms of mean-squared error. Moreover, the results indicate the existence of nonlinearities in the inflation dynamics, which are relevant to forecast inflation. The set of top forecasts often includes forecast combinations, tree-based methods (such as random forest and xgboost), breakeven inflation, and survey-based expectations. Altogether, these findings offer a valuable contribution to macroeconomic forecasting, especially, focused on Brazilian inflation.

Suggested Citation

  • Gustavo Silva Araujo & Wagner Piazza Gaglianone, 2022. "Machine Learning Methods for Inflation Forecasting in Brazil: new contenders versus classical models," Working Papers Series 561, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
    • Handle: RePEc:bcb:wpaper:561
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    Cited by:

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    4. Marta Baltar Moreira Areosa & Wagner Piazza Gaglianone, 2023. "Anchoring Long-term VAR Forecasts Based On Survey Data and State-space Models," Working Papers Series 574, Central Bank of Brazil, Research Department.
    5. Costa, Alexandre Bonnet R. & Ferreira, Pedro Cavalcanti G. & Gaglianone, Wagner P. & Guillén, Osmani Teixeira C. & Issler, João Victor & Lin, Yihao, 2021. "Machine learning and oil price point and density forecasting," Energy Economics, Elsevier, vol. 102(C).
    6. Vadim Grishchenko & Ivan Krylov, 2024. "New Approaches to Measuring, Analysing, and Forecasting Prices: A Review of the Bank of Russia, NES, and HSE University Workshop," Russian Journal of Money and Finance, Bank of Russia, vol. 83(2), pages 92-111, June.
    7. Mirza, Nawazish & Rizvi, Syed Kumail Abbas & Naqvi, Bushra & Umar, Muhammad, 2024. "Inflation prediction in emerging economies: Machine learning and FX reserves integration for enhanced forecasting," International Review of Financial Analysis, Elsevier, vol. 94(C).
    8. Shovon Sengupta & Tanujit Chakraborty & Sunny Kumar Singh, 2023. "Forecasting CPI inflation under economic policy and geopolitical uncertainties," Papers 2401.00249, arXiv.org, revised Jul 2024.
    9. Joao Vitor Matos Goncalves & Michel Alexandre & Gilberto Tadeu Lima, 2023. "ARIMA and LSTM: A Comparative Analysis of Financial Time Series Forecasting," Working Papers, Department of Economics 2023_13, University of São Paulo (FEA-USP).
    10. Urmat Dzhunkeev, 2024. "Forecasting Inflation in Russia Using Gradient Boosting and Neural Networks," Russian Journal of Money and Finance, Bank of Russia, vol. 83(1), pages 53-76, March.

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    JEL classification:

    • C14 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Semiparametric and Nonparametric Methods: General
    • C15 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric and Statistical Methods and Methodology: General - - - Statistical Simulation Methods: General
    • C22 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Single Equation Models; Single Variables - - - Time-Series Models; Dynamic Quantile Regressions; Dynamic Treatment Effect Models; Diffusion Processes
    • C53 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Forecasting and Prediction Models; Simulation Methods
    • C55 - Mathematical and Quantitative Methods - - Econometric Modeling - - - Large Data Sets: Modeling and Analysis
    • E17 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - General Aggregative Models - - - Forecasting and Simulation: Models and Applications
    • E31 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Prices, Business Fluctuations, and Cycles - - - Price Level; Inflation; Deflation

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