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Families, labor markets and policy
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Families, labor markets and policy

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  • Stefania Albanesi
  • Claudia Olivetti
  • Barbara Petrongolo

Abstract

Using comparable data for 24 countries since the 1970s, we document gender convergence in schooling, employment and earnings, marriage delay and the accompanying decline in fertility, and the large remaining gaps in labor market outcomes, especially among parents. A model of time allocation illustrates how the specialization of spouses in home or market production responds to preferences, comparative advantages and public policies. We draw lessons from existing evidence on the impacts of family policies on women's careers and children's wellbeing. There is to date little or no evidence of beneficial effects of longer parental leave (or fathers' quotas) on maternal participation and earnings. In most cases longer leave delays mothers' return to work, without long-lasting consequences on their careers. More generous childcare funding instead encourages female participation whenever subsidized childcare replaces maternal childcare. Impacts on child development depend on counterfactual childcare arrangements and tend to be more beneficial for disadvantaged households. In-work benefits targeted to low-earners have clear positive impacts on lone mothers' employment and negligible impacts on other groups. While most of this literature takes policy as exogenous, political economy aspects of policy adoption help understand the interplay between societal changes, family policies and gender equality.

Suggested Citation

  • Stefania Albanesi & Claudia Olivetti & Barbara Petrongolo, 2022. "Families, labor markets and policy," CEP Discussion Papers dp1887, Centre for Economic Performance, LSE.
    • Handle: RePEc:cep:cepdps:dp1887
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    Cited by:

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    2. Riedel, Lukas, 2024. "Wage inequality consequences of expanding public childcare," ZEW Discussion Papers 24-006, ZEW - Leibniz Centre for European Economic Research.

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    More about this item

    Keywords

    gender gaps; spousal specialisation; family policies;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J12 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
    • J13 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Fertility; Family Planning; Child Care; Children; Youth
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J18 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Public Policy
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply

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