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COVID-19: fiscal implications and financial stability in developing countries
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COVID-19: fiscal implications and financial stability in developing countries

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Abstract

The COVID-19 pandemic is unlike any other crisis that we have experienced in that it hit all economies in the world at the same time, compromising the risk sharing ability of nations. At the onset of the pandemic, the World Bank (WB) and the International Monetary Fund (IMF) jointly pledged 1.16 trillion dollars to help emerging economies deal with COVID-19. Would this amount have been enough to preserve financial stability in a worst case scenario? What were the fiscal implications of the pandemic? In this paper we aim to answer these questions by documenting the size of the fiscal measures implemented by different countries, the aid they received from the IMF and the WB to finance those fiscal measures, the resulting changes in gross debt, debt composition and maturity, and fiscal deficits. We find that given the amount of debt that was maturing in Asia and Latin America in 2020 and 2021, if there had been a rollover crisis due to lack of demand for their newly issued debt, then what was pledge by the WB and IMF at the onset of the pandemic would not have been enough to preserve financial stability. However, there was no rollover crisis, and although fiscal deficits got considerable worse in 2020, they improved in 2021, albeit, leaving gross debt at higher levels than those observed pre-pandemic.

Suggested Citation

  • Praew Grittayaphong & Paulina Restrepo-Echavarria, 2022. "COVID-19: fiscal implications and financial stability in developing countries," Working Papers 2022-028, Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
    • Handle: RePEc:fip:fedlwp:94810
    DOI: 10.20955/wp.2022.028
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    Cited by:

    1. Krystyna Brzozowska & Małgorzata Gorzałczyńska-Koczkodaj & Elżbieta Ociepa-Kicińska & Przemysław Pluskota, 2023. "The Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Financial Condition and Mortality in Polish Regions," Sustainability, MDPI, vol. 15(11), pages 1-18, June.

    More about this item

    Keywords

    COVID-19; rescue packages; debt maturity; fiscal deficits;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • E62 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Fiscal Policy; Modern Monetary Theory
    • E65 - Macroeconomics and Monetary Economics - - Macroeconomic Policy, Macroeconomic Aspects of Public Finance, and General Outlook - - - Studies of Particular Policy Episodes
    • F34 - International Economics - - International Finance - - - International Lending and Debt Problems
    • H12 - Public Economics - - Structure and Scope of Government - - - Crisis Management
    • H62 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Deficit; Surplus
    • H63 - Public Economics - - National Budget, Deficit, and Debt - - - Debt; Debt Management; Sovereign Debt
    • H84 - Public Economics - - Miscellaneous Issues - - - Disaster Aid

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