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The Impact of Gender Role Norms on Mothers' Labor Supply
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The Impact of Gender Role Norms on Mothers' Labor Supply

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  • Cavapozzi, Danilo

    (Università Ca’ Foscari di Venezia)

  • Francesconi, Marco

    (University of Essex)

  • Nicoletti, Cheti

    (University of York)

Abstract

We study whether mothers' labor supply is shaped by the gender role attitudes of their peers. Using detailed information on a sample of UK mothers with dependent children, we find that having peers with gender-egalitarian norms leads mothers to be more likely to have a paid job and to have a greater share of the total number of paid hours worked within their household, but has no sizable effect on hours worked. Most of these effects are driven by less educated women. A new decomposition analysis allows us to estimate that approximately half of the impact on labor force participation is due to women conforming gender role attitudes to their peers', with the remaining half being explained by the spillover effect of peers' labor market behavior. These findings suggest that an evolution towards gender-egalitarian attitudes promotes gender convergence in labor market outcomes. In turn, a careful dissemination of statistics on female labor market behavior and attitudes may accelerate this convergence.

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  • Cavapozzi, Danilo & Francesconi, Marco & Nicoletti, Cheti, 2021. "The Impact of Gender Role Norms on Mothers' Labor Supply," IZA Discussion Papers 14219, Institute of Labor Economics (IZA).
    • Handle: RePEc:iza:izadps:dp14219
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    7. Amendolagine, Vito & von Jacobi, Nadia, 2023. "Symbiotic relationships among formal and informal institutions: Comparing five Brazilian cultural ecosystems," Economic Systems, Elsevier, vol. 47(3).
    8. Sara Rellstab, 2024. "Gender norms and the child penalty: evidence from the Dutch bible belt," Applied Economics, Taylor & Francis Journals, vol. 56(45), pages 5428-5441, September.
    9. Nadia von Jacobi & Vito Amendolagine, 2022. "What Feeds on What? Networks of Interdependencies between Culture and Institutions," Working Papers 11, SITES.
    10. Kuanysh ALPYSBAYEV & Aizhan MUKHAMADIYEVA & Meruert KANABEKOVA & Arailym ORAZGALIYEVA & Balapanova ELMIRA, 2024. "Gender Analysis Of The Global Labour Market And Comparative Analysis Of Kazakhstan, 2019-2021," Applied Econometrics and International Development, Euro-American Association of Economic Development, vol. 24(1), pages 1-18.
    11. Bredtmann, Julia & Otten, Sebastian, 2023. "Natives' gender norms and the labor market integration of female immigrants," Ruhr Economic Papers 1042, RWI - Leibniz-Institut für Wirtschaftsforschung, Ruhr-University Bochum, TU Dortmund University, University of Duisburg-Essen.
    12. Meekes, Jordy & Hassink, Wolter H.J., 2022. "Gender differences in job flexibility: Commutes and working hours after job loss," Journal of Urban Economics, Elsevier, vol. 129(C).
    13. Han Dongcheng & Kong Fanbo & Wang Zixun, 2021. "Gender identity and relative income within household: Evidence from China," Papers 2110.08723, arXiv.org.
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    15. Sreevidya Ayyar & Uta Bolt & Eric French & Cormac O'Dea, 2024. "Imagine your Life at 25: Gender Conformity and Later-Life Outcomes," NBER Working Papers 32789, National Bureau of Economic Research, Inc.
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    More about this item

    Keywords

    identity; gender; norms; culture; peer effects;
    All these keywords.

    JEL classification:

    • J12 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Marriage; Marital Dissolution; Family Structure
    • J16 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demographic Economics - - - Economics of Gender; Non-labor Discrimination
    • J22 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Time Allocation and Labor Supply
    • J24 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Demand and Supply of Labor - - - Human Capital; Skills; Occupational Choice; Labor Productivity
    • J31 - Labor and Demographic Economics - - Wages, Compensation, and Labor Costs - - - Wage Level and Structure; Wage Differentials
    • Z13 - Other Special Topics - - Cultural Economics - - - Economic Sociology; Economic Anthropology; Language; Social and Economic Stratification

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