Pomace
Pomace (/ˈpʌməs/ PUM-əs), ma ọ bụ marc (/ˈmɑːrk/; site na French marc [maʁ]), bụ ihe siri ike fọdụrụ na mkpụrụ vaịn, oliv, ma ọ bụ mkpụrụ osisi ndị ọzọ mgbe a gbasịrị mmiri ma ọ bụ mmanụ. O nwere akpụkpọ ahụ, anụ ahụ, mkpụrụ, na ogwe osisi.
A na-eji pomace grape eme ihe na-emepụta brandi pomace (dị ka grappa, orujo, törkölypálinka, zivania). Taa, a na-ejikarị ya dị ka nri nri, dị ka fatịlaịza, ma ọ bụ maka mmịpụta nke ogige bioactive dị ka polyphenols. [1]Àtụ:Clear left
Aha ya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Okwu bekee pomace na-enweta site na Medieval Latin pomaceum ("cider") na pomaceus ("pomaceous, appley"), site na Classical Latin pomum ("mkpụrụ osisi, apụl").[2] A na-eji okwu ahụ eme ihe na mbụ maka cider ma mesịa tinye ya na apple mash tupu ma ọ bụ mgbe ịpịrị, site na okwu dị iche iche nke dị n'asụsụ French dị n'ebe ugwu, tupu e jiri ya mee ihe maka mmepụta ihe ndị dị otú ahụ n'ozuzu ya.[2]
Akụkọ ihe mere eme
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Ndị Gris oge ochie na ndị Rom na-eji pomace mkpụrụ vaịn mepụta otu mmanya dị ala nke e nyere ndị ohu na ndị ọrụ. A na-apịa mkpụrụ vaịn ndị ahụ ugboro abụọ ma tinyezie pomace nke si na ya pụta na mmiri maka ụbọchị ọzọ wee pịa ya nke ugboro atọ ma gbaa ụka. Mmiri mmiri na-esi na ya pụta na-emepụta mmanya dị gịrịgịrị, nke na-adịghị ike na akpịrị ịkpọ nkụ nke nwere mmanya na-aba n'anya gburugburu 3 ma ọ bụ 4%, nke a maara ugbu a dị ka piquette na Bekee na French na dị ka graspia ma ọ bụ vin piccolo n'asụsụ Italian. Piquette dịkwa ọtụtụ ebe n'oge emepechabeghị anya. Ebe ọ bụ na a naghị amịkarị mmanya nke oge ochie ka ọ kpọọ nkụ, piquette nke oge ochie jigidere ogo shuga fọdụrụnụ.
A na-ejikwa pomace sitere na isi mmalite dị iche iche - ọkachasị azụ̀ na agwa castor - mee ihe na mmalite oge a maka fatịlaịza.
Ojiji
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]
A na-ejikarị apple pomace emepụta pectin ma nwee ike iji ya mee cider" id="mwXg" rel="mw:WikiLink" title="Ciderkin">ciderkin, cider na-adịghị ike, yana cider ọcha, ihe ọṅụṅụ na-aba n'anya siri ike na nke na-enweghị ụcha.[3]
Ịgba mmiri
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-eji mkpụrụ vaịn emepụta brandy na piquette. Ọtụtụ ọdịbendị na-emepụta mmanya malitere ime ụdị brandy ụfọdụ mgbe a ghọtara ụkpụrụ nke distillation.
Ime mmanya
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Pomace na ime mmanya dị iche, dabere ma a na-emepụta mmanya ọcha ma ọ bụ mmanya ọbara ọbara.
Na mmepụta mmanya na-acha ọbara ọbara, a na-emepụta pomace mgbe a wụpụrụ mmiri na-agba ọsọ n'efu (mmiri e mepụtara tupu ịpị ya site na ịdị arọ nke ikike ndọda), na-ahapụ pomace na-acha uhie uhie nke nwere akpụkpọ mkpụrụ vaịn na ogwe osisi. A na-enweta ụcha mmanya na-acha ọbara ọbara site na mmetụ akpụkpọ ahụ n'oge maceration, nke mgbe ụfọdụ na-agụnye fermentation. Mkpụrụ osisi a na-emepụta na-aba n'anya na tannic karịa mkpụrụ osisi a na'emepụta site na mmepụta mmanya ọcha. A na-etinye pomace sitere na mmanya Italian Amarone na mmanya Valpolicella iji mepụta Ripasso. [citation needed]
Na mmepụta mmanya ọcha, a na-ekewa mkpụrụ vaịn site na akpụkpọ ha, wee pịa ya iji nweta mmiri. Akpụkpọ ahụ na-acha odo odo, na-acha nchara nchara, ma nwee shuga na tannins fọdụrụnụ. A na-eji pomace a emepụta brandy.[4]
Ojiji ndị ọzọ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]A na-emepụta pomace n'ụba na mmepụta mmanya, na-eme ka iwepụ ya bụrụ ihe dị mkpa maka gburugburu ebe obibi. Ụfọdụ ụlọ mmanya na-eji ihe ahụ eme ihe dị ka fatịlaịza, ebe ndị ọzọ na-ere ya ụlọ ọrụ biogas maka ike ọhụrụ. Dị ka a tụrụ anya ya, a ga-ewebata pomace n'ime Anaerobic digesters nke nwere microorganisms nke na-enyere aka n'imebi ya ma mepụta gas methane nke enwere ike ịgba ọkụ iji mepụta ike. [5]
polyphenols ụfọdụ na mmanya na-acha ọbara ọbara nwere ike ịba uru maka Ịdị ọcha ezé. Nnyocha e mere na Eastman Dental Center chọpụtara na polyphenols ndị a na-egbochi Streptococcus mutans, nje bacteria dị n'ọnụ nke na-akpata ire ure ezé. Prọfesọ Hyun Koo, onye na-eme nchọpụta nke ọmụmụ ihe ahụ, nwere olileanya ka ọ na-erule afọ 2008 ka ọ wepụ polyphenols ndị a iji mepụta ihe ọhụrụ na-asa ọnụ nke ga-enyere aka ichebe megide oghere.[6]
A na-ejikwa pomace mkpụrụ vaịn mee ihe na ụlọ ọrụ mmanụ na gas dị ka ihe na-agagharị agagharị na apịtị na-egwu mmanụ n'ihi na pomace bụ fibrous na tannin-ọgaranya.
Nnyocha e mere n'afọ 2004 site na Mahadum Erciyes na Turkey chọpụtara na pomace nwekwara ike ịrụ ọrụ dị ka Ihe na-echekwa nri nke na-emetụta nje bacteria E. coli, Salmonella na Staphylococcus. Ndị na-eme nchọpụta wepụrụ pomace kpọrọ nkụ site na mkpụrụ vaịn Mmanya Turkey na-acha ọcha Emir Karasi na mkpụrụ vaịrịrị ọbara ọbara Kalecik Karasi; a gwakọtara nke a na ethyl acetate, methanol ma ọ bụ mmiri ma kpughee ya na ụdị nje bacteria iri na anọ dị iche iche. Nje bacteria iri na anọ niile na-egbochi ruo n'ókè ụfọdụ site na pomace - dabere na ụdị mkpụrụ vaịn na oke nke ihe a na-ewepụta. Mmanya na-acha ọbara ọbara Kalecik Karasi bụ nke kachasị dị irè; ndị na-eme nchọpụta kwenyere na nke a bụ n'ihi oke polyphenols na akpụkpọ mkpụrụ vaịn na-acha uhie uhie.[7]
Oenocyanin, ihe na-acha uhie uhie na ihe na-eme ka nri na-acha, na-emepụta site na mkpụrụ vaịn. Tartrates (potassium bitartrate, 'cream of tartar') na polyphenols mkpụrụ vaịn nwekwara ike imepụta site na mkpụrụ vaịn pomace.[4]
Apple pomace abụwo nri ọdịnala maka ụdị anụ ụlọ dị iche iche. [8] A na-agba ume iji mkpụrụ vaịn eme ihe dị ka nri anụ ụlọ iji belata ntọhapụ nke nhazi mkpụrụ vaịn fọdụrụ na gburugburu ebe obibi, nke nwere ike iduga na mmetọ siri ike.[9]
A na-eji Apple pomace, na njikọ ya na whey, iji mee ka ihe ọṅụṅụ Fanta nke mbụ na Germany n'oge Agha Ụwa nke Abụọ. Emere nke a n'ihi na mmachibido iwu n'oge agha gbochiri Coca-Cola nke Germany inwe ike mbubata na imepụta ihe ọṅụṅụ America.
A pụkwara ịpịpụta ntụ ọka apụl iji mepụta ntụ ọka, nke a makwaara dị ka ntụ ọka apọl.
Iwu Iwu
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Canada
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Dị ka Canadian Food and Drug Regulations si kwuo, pomace nwere ike ịbụ mmanya na-egbu egbu ma ọ bụ ngwakọta nke mmanya na-egbu egbu nke a na-enweta site na akpụkpọ anụ na pulp nke mkpụrụ osisi chara acha mgbe e wepụsịrị ihe ọṅụṅụ mkpụrụ osisi, mmanya ma ọ bụ mmanya mkpụrụ osisi. Pomace nwere ike ịnwe caramel, mkpụrụ osisi, ihe ọkụkụ, ihe ụtọ na nkwadebe ụtọ. Enwere ike ịkọwa Pomace na labelụ ya dị ka "(aha mkpụrụ osisi) Pomace" ma ọ bụ "(aha mkpụrụ osisi) Marc" ma ọ bụrụ na akpụkpọ ahụ na pulp nke mkpụrụ osisi a na-eji mee ka pomace sitere na mkpụrụ osisi ahụ.[10]
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Acqua pazza
- Mkpụrụ osisi oliv
- Mmanụ olive pomace
- Piquette
Ebem si dee
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Aizpurua-Olaizola (2015-01-01). "Optimization of Supercritical Fluid Consecutive Extractions of Fatty Acids and Polyphenols from Vitis Vinifera Grape Wastes" (in en). Journal of Food Science 80 (1): E101–E107. DOI:10.1111/1750-3841.12715. ISSN 1750-3841. PMID 25471637.
- ↑
{{citation}}: Empty citation (help). - ↑ White Cider and street drinkers: Recommendations to reduce harm. Alcohol Concern (April 2011). Archived from the original on 2015-05-12. Retrieved on 2017-11-12.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 (2006) in Robinson: The Oxford Companion to Wine, Third, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 534–535. ISBN 978-0-19-860990-2. Kpọpụta njehie: Invalid
<ref>tag; name "Oxford pp 534–535" defined multiple times with different content - ↑ (January 31 – February 29, 2008) "GrapeVine". Wine Spectator.
- ↑ "Red-wine waste can check cavities", The Times of India, January 3, 2008.
- ↑ Gaffney (September 23, 2004). "What a Waste! Grape Pomace Kills Food-Spoiling Bacteria". Wine Spectator.
- ↑ Heuzé (2017). Apple pomace and culled apples. Feedipedia. INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.
- ↑ Heuzé (2017). Grape pomace. Feedipedia. INRA, CIRAD, AFZ and FAO.
- ↑ Branch, Legislative Services. "Consolidated federal laws of Canada, Food and Drug Regulations". laws.justice.gc.ca. Retrieved 2017-07-19.