Tikvah Alper
| ụdịekere | nwanyị  |
|---|---|
| mba o sị | South Africa |
| aha enyere | Tikvah |
| aha ezinụlọ ya | Alper |
| ụbọchị ọmụmụ ya | 22 Jenụwarị 1909 |
| Ebe ọmụmụ | South Africa |
| Ụbọchị ọnwụ ya | 2 Febụwarị 1995 |
| Ebe ọ nwụrụ | Salisbury |
| Dị/nwunye | Max Sterne |
| asụsụ ọ na-asụ, na-ede ma ọ bụ were na-ebinye aka | Bekee |
| ọrụ ọ na-arụ | radiobiologist, physicist, biologist |
| ebe agụmakwụkwọ | University of Cape Town |
[1]Tikvah Alper (22 Jenụwarị 1909 - 2 Febụwarị 1995) zụrụ dị ka onye physics ma ghọọ onye radiobiologist a ma ama. [2]'etiti ọtụtụ atụmatụ na nchọpụta ndị ọzọ, ọ bụ otu n'ime ndị mbụ chọtara ihe akaebe na-egosi na ihe na-efe efe na Scrapie enweghị nucleic acid: nchọpụta nke nyere aka n'ịghọta mmepe nke Prion theory. Ọ bụ onye nduzi nke MRC Experimental Radiopathology Unit, Hammersmith Hospital, London, UK, 1962-1974.
Ọ lụrụ Max Sterne mana ọ nabataghị aha ya.
Mbido ndụ na ọrụ
[dezie | dezie ebe o si][3] mụrụ Tikvah Alper na South Africa, ọ bụ nwa ikpeazụ n'ime ụmụ nwanyị anọ n'ezinụlọ ndị Juu gbara ọsọ ndụ si Russia. [4] ka nwa akwụkwọ nwanyị na Durban Girls' High School, a kọwara ya dị ka "nwa agbọghọ kacha nwee ọgụgụ isi nke gara ụlọ akwụkwọ ahụ", [1] ma debanye aha ya n'ụzọ dị iche n'afọ. [5][4] gụsịrị akwụkwọ na physics na Mahadum nke Cape Town na 1929, wee gụọ akwụkwọ na Berlin na onye na-ahụ maka physics nuklia Lise Meitner na 1930-32, na-ebipụta akwụkwọ mmeri [1] na delta rays nke alpha particles mepụtara na 1933. [6]'afọ 1932, ọ laghachiri South Africa iji lụọ onye (mgbe e mesịrị) a ma ama na-ahụ maka nje bacteria bụ Max Sterne, [1] onye mepụtara ọgwụ mgbochi anụ ụlọ kachasị dị irè maka anthrax. N'ihi na anaghị ekwe ka ụmụ nwanyị lụrụ di rụọ ọrụ na Mahadum, Tikvah na Max guzobere ụlọ nyocha ebe ha na-arụkọ ọrụ ọnụ. A mụrụ ụmụ ha nwoke, Jonathan na Michael, na 1935 na 1936. Site mgbe ahụ gaa n'ihu, Tikvah Alper jikọtara ihe achọrọ maka ịbụ nne (a mụrụ Jonathan dị ka onye ntị chiri), alụmdi na nwunye na ọrụ. Ihe ndị [7] gụnyere oge tupu na mgbe agha gasịrị na England, ebe ya na onye ọsụ ụzọ radiobiologist, Douglas Lea rụkọrọ ọrụ. Ihe karịrị afọ iri site na 1937, Tikvah zụrụ ọzọ ma rụọ ọrụ dị ka onye nkuzi nke ndị ntị chiri. Ọzụzụ [8] na nkà na ụzụ pụtara ìhè na nyocha ya bipụtara banyere ime ka okwu pụta ìhè, maka iji ya na ọzụzụ okwu maka ụmụaka ntị chiri [1] Ọ ghọrọ onye isi nke ngalaba Biophysics nke South African National Physics Laboratory na 1948.
Ọrụ ya mgbe e mesịrị
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]N'agbanyeghị na ha na-eto eto na sayensị, na 1951, a manyere Max Sterne na Tikvah Alper ịhapụ South Africa n'ihi mmegide ha megide ịkpa ókè agbụrụ. Tikvah chọtara post nyocha (na-akwụghị ụgwọ) na MRC Radiobiology Laboratories na Hammersmith Hospital, London, nke Hal Gray duziri, onye ọ zutere na nleta ndị gara aga. N'ebe a, ọrụ lekwasịrị anya na usoro nke mmetụta nke radiation na cell biology. Mgbagwoju anya nke mmetụta nke radiation na ụdị mkpụrụ ndụ dị iche iche, na mmekọrịta ha na usoro ndị ọzọ nke physiological na nke kemịkal malitere ịpụta n'oge a, ma gaa n'ihu na 1950s na 60s. Ọ bụ onye nduzi nke Radiobiology Unit site na 1962 ruo mgbe ọ lara ezumike nká na 1974. E bipụtara akwụkwọ ya bụ Cellular Radiobiology [9] n'afọ 1979. Tikvah Alper gara n'ihu na-arụsi ọrụ ike na ezumike nká, na-agwụcha na "okwu ọma na Radiation Research Society na Dallas, USA mgbe ọ dị afọ 83. " [4] [10] [11] nwụrụ na Sarisbury, Hampshire, England, na 1995, [1] ma di ya Max, ụmụ Jonathan na Michael, ụmụ ụmụ isii, na ụmụ ụmụ atọ hapụrụ ya.
Ọrụ Alper na-arụ n'ịchọpụta ihe na-efe efe na Scrapie
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]Scrapie bụ ọrịa na-efe efe nke usoro akwara nke atụrụ; otu n'ime ụdị Ọrịa ụbụrụ nke nwere ike imetụta ehi (BSE) na ụmụ mmadụ (Kuru, nCJD) . A na-eche na ọ bụ 'ọrịa na-adịghị ngwa ngwa' kpatara scrapie - nke nwere ike iwe ọtụtụ afọ iji gosipụta dị ka mgbanwe na omume ma ọ bụ mmegharị. Ka ọ na-erule n'etiti afọ 1960, e gosipụtara na mkpụrụ ndụ nwere ike imepụtaghachi naanị site na DNA. Radioactivity na-akwụsị mmepụta mkpụrụ ndụ site na 'igbu' DNA. Alper chọpụtara na radieshon egbughị ihe na-ebute ọrịa na scrapie, na-atụ aro na nje virus agaghị abụ ihe na-efe efe. Ihe na-ebute ọrịa ga-adị obere ma dị mfe karịa DNA (viral). Alper chọpụtakwara na onye ahụ nọgidere na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ìhè ultraviolet. DNA anaghị arụ ọrụ n'okpuru ìhè UV. Kama nke ahụ, ìhè gburu onye ọrụ ahụ na 237 nm, ogologo oge nke polysaccharide. Alper na ndị ọrụ ibe ya [12] kọrọ ihe ndị a nke ihe na-eme ka ihe na-adịghị mma - nchọpụta nke e ji ihe ijuanya nabata n'ọtụtụ ebe, n'ihi na o yiri ka ọ na-emegide nkwenkwe dị n'etiti nke na-ejide na mmepụtaghachi (ya mere uto nke ọrịa na ihe ndị na-efe efe ya) nwere ike ịga n'ihu naanị site na DNA. Otú ọ dị, ozugbo a nabatara nchọpụta ndị a, ọtụtụ echiche mepụtara iji kwado njirimara pụrụ iche nke onye na-eme ihe mkpofu. Echiche a nabatara n'ọtụtụ ebe taa bụ echiche prion, nke na-ekwu na protein 'rogue' bụ isi iyi na-efe efe. Otú ọ dị, Alper enweghị ike ịnakwere na protein 'mutation' bụ onye ọrụ ahụ. Nke mbụ, nyocha radieshon UV ya egosighi ihe na-emepụta protein na, nke abụọ, prions ndị dịpụrụ adịpụ emeghị ka scrapie. [13] mepụtara echiche nke ya banyere onye ọrụ ahụ n'afọ ndị ikpeazụ nke ndụ ya ma tụọ aro akụkọ dị ike na nke dị mgbagwoju anya.
Hụkwa
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- Usoro oge nke ụmụ nwanyị na sayensị
Edensibia
[dezie | dezie ebe o si]- ↑ Hunter (2012). "Radiation biology – An important science". South African Journal of Science 108 (7/8). DOI:10.4102/sajs.v108i7/8.972.
- ↑ Highfield, Roger, "The End of BSE". The Telegram. 11 February 2011
- ↑ Vogt. Tikvah Alpert 1909-1995. Jewish Women's Archive Encyclopedia. Jewish Women's Archive. Retrieved on 17 December 2016.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 4.2 Hornsey (1997). "Tikvah Alper: An indomitable Spirit". International Journal of Radiation Biology 71 (6): 631–42. DOI:10.1080/095530097143635. PMID 9246177. Hornsey, S; Denekamp, J (1997). "Tikvah Alper: An indomitable Spirit". International Journal of Radiation Biology. 71 (6): 631–42. doi:10.1080/095530097143635. PMID 9246177.
- ↑ Alper (1932). "Über die
δ -Strahlen und die Beziehung zwischen Reichweite und Geschwindigkeit für langsame Elektronen". Zeitschrift für Physik 76 (3–4): 172–189. DOI:10.1007/BF01341810. - ↑ "Obituary: Max Sterne", The Independent, 1997-03-04. Retrieved on 2017-10-27. (in en-GB)
- ↑ Lecture by Douglas Lea. Archived from the original on 2012-06-14. Retrieved on 2023-12-23.
- ↑ Alper (1939). "A thyraton inflexion indicator for teaching the deaf". Journal of Scientific Instruments 16 (10): 334–6. DOI:10.1088/0950-7671/16/10/304.
- ↑ Alper, Tikvah, Cellular Radiobiology. CUP Archive, 1979.
- ↑ Alper, T (1993) The Scrapie Enigma: insights from radiation experiments Radiation Research 135, 283–92
- ↑ Fowler (April 1995). "In memoriam Tikvah Alper 1909-1995.". Radiation Research 142 (1): 110–2. PMID 7899554.
- ↑ Alper (1967). "Does the agent of scrapie replicate without Nucleic Acid?". Nature 214 (5090): 764–766. DOI:10.1038/214764a0. PMID 4963878.
- ↑ Alper (July 1992). "The infectivity of spongiform encephalopathies: does a modified membrane hypothesis account for lack of immune response?". FEMS Microbiology Letters 4 (5): 235–242. DOI:10.1111/j.1574-6968.1992.tb05000.x. PMID 1355344.