Deleng sumberé Maseru

{{Infobox Settlement
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|subdivision_type       = [[Nagara]]
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|subdivision_name1      = [[Distrik Maseru|Maseru]]
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|established_date       = [[1869]]
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|latd= 29.31 |latm= |lats= |latNS=S
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'''Maseru''' ({{IPAEng|mɑseʀu}}) iku [[kutha krajan]] nagara [[Lesotho]].  Dumunung ing pinggir [[Kali Mohokare]], wewatesan karo [[Afrika Kidul]], kutha iki mung siji-sijiné kutha gedhé ing Lesotho, kanthi populasi watara 227,880 jiwa ([[2006]]). 
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It is the capital or [[Camptown (Lesotho)|camptown]] of the [[Maseru District]]. Maseru was established as a police camp and assigned as the capital after the country became a [[British Empire|British]] protectorate in 1869. When the country achieved independence in 1966, Maseru retained its status as capital. The city is located at {{coor d|29.31|S|27.48|E|}}. The name of the city is a [[Sotho language|Sesotho]] word meaning "place of the red sandstone".<ref name="cities">{{cite journal| title=City profile: Maseru, Lesotho| author=Sam Romaya, Alison Brown| journal=Cities| issue=2| volume=16| year=1999| month=April| pages=p.123-133}}</ref>

==History==
Maseru was founded by the [[British Empire|British]] as a small police camp in 1869, following the conclusion of the [[Free State-Basotho War]]s when [[Basutoland]] became a British protectorate.<ref name="ankomah">{{cite journal| title=Lesotho: Africa's Best Kept Secret| author=Baffour Ankomah, Khalid Bazid| journal=New African| year=2003| month=May}}</ref><ref name="hansenvaa">{{cite book| title=Reconsidering Informality: Perspectives from Urban Africa| author=Karen Tranberg Hansen, Mariken Vaa| publisher=Nordic African Institute| year=2004| isbn=9171065180| pages=p. 180}}</ref> Maseru is located at the edge of the "conquered territories" relinquished to the [[Orange Free State]] (now the [[Free State]] province of South Africa) as part of the peace terms. It was located {{convert|24|km|mi}} west of [[Basotho]] King [[Moshoeshoe I]]'s stronghold of [[Thaba Bosiu]], the previous ''de facto'' capital. A bustling market town soon grew around the area.<ref name="olivier">{{cite book| title=Touring in South Africa: The Great SA Road Trip Guide| author=Willie Olivier, Sandra Olivier| year=2005| publisher=Struik| pages=p. 116| isbn=1770071423}}</ref>

Maseru initially functioned as the state's administrative capital between 1869 and 1871, before administration of Basutoland was transferred to the [[Cape Colony]]. During their rule between 1871 and 1884, Basutoland was treated similarly to territories that had been forcefully annexed, much to the chagrin of the Basotho.<ref>{{cite book| title=Historical Dictionary of the British Empire| author=James S. Olson, Robert S. Shadle (ed.)| publisher=Greenwood Press| year=1996| pages=p. 118| isbn=0-313-27917-9}}</ref> This led to the [[Gun War]] in 1881 and the burning of many buildings in Maseru.<ref name="cities" /> In 1884, Basutoland was restored its status as a Crown colony, and Maseru was again made capital. When Basutoland gained its independence and became the Kingdom of Lesotho in 1966, Maseru remained the country's capital.<ref name="hansenvaa" />

Prior to Lesotho's independence, Maseru had remained relatively small; it was contained within well-defined colonial boundaries and had little room for growth, while the British had little interest in developing the city. After 1966 Maseru experienced rapid expansion: its area increased around seven-fold, from around {{convert|20|sqkm|sqmi}} to the current area of {{convert|138|sqkm|sqmi}}, due to incorporation of nearby peri-urban villages to the city proper.<ref name="cities" /><ref name="hansenvaa" /> The annual population growth rates remained around 7% for several decades, before tapering off to around 3.5% between 1986 and 1996.<ref name="hansenvaa" />

After the 1998 parliamentary elections in Lesotho led to suspicisions of vote fraud and a [[South African intervention in Lesotho|military intervention by South Africa]], much of the city was damaged by riots and pillaging.<ref>{{cite journal| title=It All Went Wrong| journal=Economist| volume=349| issue=8087| date=[[September 26]], [[1998]]| pages=p.49}}</ref> The cost of repairing the damage done to the city was estimated at around two billion [[South African rand|rand]] (350 million [[United states dollar|$US]]),<ref>{{cite news| url=http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/190136.stm| title=Lesotho billed for South African intervention| work=BBC News| date=1998-10-09| accessdate=2008-04-14}}</ref> and after nearly a decade, the effects of the riots could still be seen within the city.<ref>{{cite news| url=http://www.mg.co.za/articledirect.aspx?area=onlineletters_archive&ArticleId=303580| title=Straw men| work=Mail & Guardian Online| date=2007-03-15| accessdate=2008-04-14}}</ref>

==Geography and climate==
[[Image:Maseru Panorama 1-2007.jpg|thumb|right|350px|Panoramic view of Maseru in 2007]]
Maseru is located in northwest Lesotho by the [[South Africa]]n border, denoted by the [[Mohokare River]]. The two countries are connected by a border post at the Maseru Bridge, which crosses the river. On the South African side, [[Ladybrand]] is the town closest to Maseru. The city lies in a shallow valley at the foot of the Hlabeng-Sa-Likhama, foothills of the [[Maloti Mountains]].<ref name="cities" /> The elevation of the city is listed as {{convert|1600|m|ft}} above sea level.<ref>{{cite book| title=South Africa, Lesotho & Swaziland| author=Mary Fitzpatrick, Becca Blond, Gemma Pitcher, Simon Richmond, Matt Warren| year=2004| publisher=Lonely Planet| isbn=1741041627 |pages=p. 521}}</ref> The city has an area of around {{convert|138|sqkm|sqmi}}.<ref name="hansenvaa" />

Maseru has a [[continental climate]], categorised by hot, rainy summers and cold, dry winters. The average mean daily temperature during summer—from December to March in the Southern Hemisphere—is {{convert|22|°C|°F|sigfig=2}}. During winter, between June and September, the average temperature is {{convert|9|°C|°F|sigfig=2}}.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.myforecast.com/bin/climate.m?city=69719&metric=true| title=Maseru, Lesotho climate| work=myforecast.com| accessdate=2008-04-14}}</ref> The hottest month is January, with temperatures between {{convert|15|°C|°F|sigfig=2}} and {{convert|33|°C|°F|sigfig=2}}.<ref name="eiu">{{cite journal| title=Lesotho: Basic data| journal=The Economist Intelligence Unit| date=[[March 30]], [[2007]]}}</ref> During the coldest month, July, the temperatures range between {{convert|-3|°C|°F|sigfig=2}} and {{convert|17|°C|°F|sigfig=2}}.<ref name="eiu" /> The average rainfall ranges from 7 mm in June to 141 mm in February.<ref name="eiu" />

==Demographics==
The latest (2006) census lists the city's population at 227,880, or around a tenth of the entire population of the country, and half of the total urban population.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.xist.org/cntry/lesotho.aspx?levels=Maseru| title=Maseru District population statistics| work=GeoHive| accessdate=2008-04-14}}</ref><ref name="census">{{cite web| url=http://www.bos.gov.ls/2006_census.htm| title=2006 census| work=Lesotho Bureau of Statistics| accessdate=2008-04-14}}</ref> This includes 103,520 males and 124,360 females, or around 100 women for every 83 men.<ref name="census" /> The population of the city was at 28,000 by the 1966 census, and 110,000 by the 1986 census, demonstrating the early rapid expansion of the city after independence.<ref name="cities" />

==Transport==
[[Image:Maseru Leotho main south.jpg|thumb|View from the main road south in Maseru]]
A railway and a bridge, built in 1905, cross the Mokohare River and connect Maseru's northern commercial district to [[Marseilles, South Africa]] and from there to the [[Bloemfontein]]/[[KwaZulu-Natal]] main line.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.worldtravelguide.net/country/146/international_travel/Africa/Lesotho.html| title=Lesotho Travel Guide| work=World Travel Guide| accessdate=2008-04-14}}</ref> The {{convert|2.6|km|mi}} long train track is the only one in the country.

Kingsway, the road joining the former [[Leabua Jonathan]] Airport, now [[Mejametalana Airport]] and the Royal Palace in Maseru, was the first paved road in Lesotho. Having previously been just a dirt path, it was renovated in 1947 for the visit of members of the [[British Royal Family]].<ref>Fitzpatrick et al. 2004, p. 522</ref> It remained the only paved road in the country until Lesotho's independence in 1966.<ref name="cities" /> Two main roads lead outside of Maseru, Main North 1 to the northeast and Main South 1 to the southeast toward [[Mazenod, Lesotho|Mazenod]] and [[Roma, Lesotho|Roma]]. An international airport called the [[Moshoeshoe International Airport]] is nearby, at Thoteng-ea-Moli, Mazenod. The [[National University of Lesotho]] is located in Roma, {{convert|32|km|mi}} from Maseru.

==Economy==
The commerce in the city is centered around two neighboring [[central business district]]s, which have developed around Kingsway and serve as major employment centres. The western business district holds larger office buildings, department stores and several banks. The eastern business district hosts mainly smaller businesses, markets and street vendors.<ref name="cities" /> The central business districts are the largest employment centers within the city.<ref name="cities" />

Maseru's industry is split into two main areas. The one to the north of the central business districts along Moshoeshoe Road holds flour mills and other major companies. The other industrial sector lies to the south of the central business districts, at the Thetsane district, and houses mainly textile and footwear companies.<ref name="cities" />

Up until 2004 Maseru had a growing textile industry supported by and invested in by Chinese manufactures. Since the expiration of the [[Multi Fibre Arrangement]] the textile industry in Lesotho has tapered off.<ref>{{cite journal| title=Lesotho: The Promise of Africa| author=Peete Monolapo| journal=Foreign Policy| issue=No. 162| month=September-October| year=2007}}</ref> The city's manufactures once included [[candle]]s and [[carpet]]s but these have been overshadowed by South African industry.

==Culture==
[[Image:Maseru night.jpg|thumb|right|Maseru at night—view to the south. The city center is to the right]]
===Architecture===
Most of the traditional thatched-roof mud-brick houses, called [[rondavel]]s, have been replaced with modern housing. There are some colonial era buildings around the center of the city, most notably the Roman Catholic Cathedral of Our Lady of Victories, and the Anglican St. John's Church.<ref name="cities" /> Other sights include the Royal Palace, the Parliament building and the State House.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.sadc.int/summit/2006/host/index.php| title=SADC Summit 2006| work=Southern African Development Community| accessdate=2008-04-15}}</ref>

===Tourism===
Maseru has a total of six hotels, two of which, the Lesotho Sun and the Maseru Sun, have [[casino]]s.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.seelesotho.com/travel/cities/maseru.htm| title=Maseru| work=seelesotho.com| accessdate=2008-04-15}}</ref><ref name="satg" /> During the 1960s, prior to the laxation of South Africa's gambling laws, the casinos were popular attractions among South African visitors, but the interest in them has since waned.<ref name="satg">{{cite web| url=http://www.southafrica.org.za/tour-sa-mountain-kingdom.html| title=The Mountain Kingdom| work=South Africa Travel Guide| accessdate=2008-04-14}}</ref> The Basotho Hat shop at the city's entrance is a popular source for souvenirs.<ref name="olivier" />

Two of the main tourist attractions of Lesotho, [[Lancer's Gap]] and [[Thaba Bosiu]] are located a short distance from Maseru.

===Sports===
Lesotho's [[national stadium]], the multi-purpose [[Setsoto Stadium]] is located in Maseru. It has a capacity of between 20,000 and 25,000 people. The stadium is mostly used for [[football (soccer)|football]] matches and houses the [[Lesotho national football team]], but also holds events in [[Athletics (track and field)|athletics]].<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.lesotho.gov.ls/articles/2007/SETSOTO_STADIUM_REVAMPED.php| title=Setsoto Stadium to Be Revamped| work=Lesotho Ministry of Communications, Science and Technology| accessdate=2008-04-14}}</ref>

12 out of 16 of the teams currently playing in the [[Lesotho Premier League]] reside in Maseru.<ref>{{cite web| url=http://www.lefa.org.ls/LEFA_files/Teams.htm| title=Lesotho Teams| work=Lesotho Football Association| accessdate=2008-04-13}}</ref> As of 2008, 32 out of the 38 championships contested in the league have gone to Maseru-based teams. Most successful of these have been [[Matlama FC]] and the football team of the [[Royal Lesotho Defense Force]], with eight championships each.
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== Kutha kembar ==
Pratélan kutha kembar, katetepaké kanthi internasional.<ref name="sister">Sister Cities International (2007).  [http://www.sister-cities.org/icrc/directory/Africa/Lesotho/index "Online Directory: Lesotho, Africa"].  ditilik [[12 Oktober]], [[2007]].</ref>
* {{flagicon|USA}} [[Austin, Texas|Austin]], [[Texas]], [[USA]]

== Réferènsi ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Pranala njaba ==
{{Commons category|Maseru}}
* {{wikivoyage|Maseru}}

{{Kutha krajan ing Afrika}}

[[Kategori:Kutha ing Lesotho]]
[[Kategori:Kutha krajan ing Afrika]]
[[Kategori:Maseru| ]]


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