Bitka kod Crvenih stijena
Bitka kod Crvenih stijena | |||||||
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Segment ratova Tri kraljevstva | |||||||
Natpisi (najmanje hiljadu godina stari) na mjestu koje se drži poprištem bitke, kraj suvremenog Chibi Cityja u provinciji Hubei. | |||||||
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Sukobljene strane | |||||||
Sun Quan (Sun Chuan), Liu Bei (Liu Pei) | |||||||
Komandanti i vođe | |||||||
Zhou Yu (Chou Yü), Cheng Pu, Liu Bei |
Cao Cao | ||||||
Snage | |||||||
50.000 | 800,000 (Cao Caove tvrdnje) to 220.000–240.000+ ( Zhou Yuove procjene)[1][2] ) | ||||||
Žrtve i gubici | |||||||
nepoznati | nepoznati, iako značajni |
Bitka kod Crvenih stijena, također poznata i kao Bitka kod Chibija, (pojednostavljeni kineski:
Opisi same bitke se razlikuju u detaljima, a njena precizna lokacija je već vijekovima predmet rasprava među historičarima (de Crespigny 2004:256 78n), pri čemu se kao najozbiljniji kandidati spominju južna obala Yangtzea, jugozapadno od današnjeg Wuhana i sjeveroistočno od Baqiua (suvremeni grad Yueyang u provinciji Hunan). Najdetaljniji opis bitke sadrži biografija Zhou Yua iz 3. vijeka u Zapisima Tri kraljevstva (Sanguo Zhi). Bitka, značajno romantizirana i "začinjena" fikcijom, predstavlja jedan od najvažnijih dijelova radnje znamenitog romana Romansa Tri kraljevstva. Zapadnoj javnosti je, pak, poznata i po prikazu u kineskom filmskom spektaklu Crvena stijena koga je 2008. režirao John Woo.
- ↑ "「
彼 所 將 中國人 不 過 十 五 六 萬 ,且已久 疲 ;所得 表 眾亦極 七 八 萬 耳 ,尚 懷 狐疑 。」" Zhou Yu only included two groups of Cao Cao's forces in his estimation: According to the head of the Social Sciences Department of Institute of Ethnology & Anthropology, Chinese Academy of Social Sciences, Di Yongjun (邸 永 君 ), the phrase "中國人 " were referring to the troops from the capital and surrounding area. See The origin of the word "中國 " and look at the line "指 天子 直接 統治 地區 ,即 京畿 。如諸葛 亮 曾對吳 主 孫 權 雲 :“若 能 以吳越 之 眾與中國 抗 衡,不 如早與 之 絕 ”。", which quotes Zhuge Liang's speech intended to persuade Sun to battle Cao. The other group was the newly surrendered Chu region navy. - ↑ 「
諸人 徒 見 操 書 言水 步 八十萬而各恐懾,不 復 料 其虛實 」Most people's estimation was quite different to that of Zhou Yu, but the latter claimed the former "did not saw through Cao's exaggeration." - ↑ "The engagement at the Red Cliffs took place in the winter of the thirteenth year of Jian'an, probably about the end of Western 208."(de Crespigny 2004:264)
Ovaj članak sadrži kineski tekst. Bez pravilne podrške za renderiranje, možete vidjeti upitnike, kvadrate i druge simbole umjesto kineskih znakova. |
- "11th century writer's statue erected in Hubei province". Xinhua News Agency, January 19, 1983. Retrieved on July 22, 2007.
- Chen, Shou (c. 280). Sanguo zhi (History of the Three Kingdoms). Reprint,1959. Beijing: Zhonghua shuju.
- Fitzgerald, C.P. (1985). Why China? Recollections of China 1923-1950. Melbourne: Melbourne University Press.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (1969). The Last of the Han: being the chronicle of the years 181-220 AD as recorded in chapters 58–68 of the Tzu-chih t'ung-chien of Ssu-ma Kuang. Canberra: Australian National University, Centre of Oriental Studies.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2004). Generals of the South: The foundation and early history of the Three Kingdoms state of Wu. Canberra: Australian National University. Internet Edition.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (1996). To Establish Peace: being the Chronicle of the Later Han dynasty for the years 189 to 220 AD as recorded in Chapters 59 to 69 of the Zizhi Tongjian of Sima Guang. Canberra: Australian National University. Internet Edition 2004.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2003). The Three Kingdoms and Western Jin A history of China in the Third Century AD Internet edition.
- de Crespigny, Rafe (2007). A biographical dictionary of Later Han to the Three Kingdoms (23–220 AD). Leiden, The Netherlands: Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-15605-0
- Eikenberry, Karl W. (1994). The campaigns of Cao Cao. Military Review 74.8:56–64.
- The Military Documents Research Organization of the Wuhan Military District (1979). Zhongguo Gudai Zhanzheng Yibaili (One Hundred Battles of Ancient Chinese History). Wuhan: Hubei Province People's Publishing House.
- Zhang, Xiugui (2006). Ancient "Red Cliff" battlefield: a historical-geographic study. Frontiers of History in China 1.2:214–35.