View source for Carbon monoxide

{{Chembox
| verifiedrevid = 477004453
| ImageFileL1 = Carbon-monoxide-3D-balls.png
| ImageNameL1 = Ball-and-stick model of carbon monoxide
| ImageFileR1 = Carbon-monoxide-3D-vdW.png
| ImageNameR1 = Spacefill model of carbon monoxide
| ImageFile2 = Carbon monoxide 2D.svg
| ImageSize2 = 170px
| ImageName2 =  model of carbon monoxide
| PIN = Carbon monoxide
| OtherNames = Carbon monooxide<br />Carbonous oxide<br />Carbon(II) oxide<br />Carbonyl<br/>Flue gas<br/>Monoxide
|Section1={{Chembox Identifiers
| InChI = 1/CO/c1-2
| InChIKey = UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYAT
| CASNo = 630-08-0
| CASNo_Ref = {{cascite|correct|CAS}}
| PubChem = 281
| ChemSpiderID = 275
| ChemSpiderID_Ref = {{chemspidercite|correct|chemspider}}
| UNII_Ref = {{fdacite|correct|FDA}}
| UNII = 7U1EE4V452
| EINECS = 211-128-3
| UNNumber = 1016
| KEGG_Ref = {{keggcite|correct|kegg}}
| KEGG = D09706
| MeSHName = Carbon+monoxide
| ChEBI_Ref = {{ebicite|correct|EBI}}
| ChEBI = 17245
| RTECS = FG3500000
| SMILES = [C-]#[O+]
| StdInChI_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChI = 1S/CO/c1-2
| StdInChIKey_Ref = {{stdinchicite|correct|chemspider}}
| StdInChIKey = UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N
| Beilstein = 3587264
| Gmelin = 421}}
|Section2={{Chembox Properties
| Formula = CO
| MolarMass = 28.010 g/mol
| Appearance = colorless gas
| Odor = odorless
| Density = 789&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup>, liquid<br />1.250&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> at 0&nbsp;°C, 1&nbsp;atm<br />1.145&nbsp;kg/m<sup>3</sup> at 25&nbsp;°C, 1&nbsp;atm
| Solubility = 27.6&nbsp;mg/L (25&nbsp;°C)
| SolubleOther = soluble in [[chloroform]], [[acetic acid]], [[ethyl acetate]], [[ethanol]], [[ammonium hydroxide]], [[benzene]]
| MeltingPtC = −205.02
| BoilingPtC = −191.5
| Dipole = 0.122 [[Debye|D]]
| RefractIndex = 1.0003364
| HenryConstant = 1.04 atm·m<sup>3</sup>/mol
| MagSus = −9.8·10<sup>−6</sup> cm<sup>3</sup>/mol
 }}
|Section4={{Chembox Thermochemistry
| HeatCapacity = 29.1 J/(K·mol)
| Entropy = 197.7 J/(mol·K)
| DeltaGf = 
| DeltaHf = −110.5 kJ/mol
| DeltaHc = −283.4 kJ/mol
 }}
|Section7={{Chembox Hazards
| ExternalSDS = [http://www.inchem.org/documents/icsc/icsc/eics0023.htm ICSC 0023]
| EUClass = {{Hazchem F+}} {{Hazchem T+}}
| NFPA_ref = <ref>{{cite book|last1=Richard|first1=Pohanish|title=Sittig's Handbook of Toxic and Hazardous Chemicals and Carcinogens|date=2012|publisher=Elsevier|isbn=978-1-4377-7869-4|page=572|edition=2|url=https://books.google.com/books?id=f6HclgoIkjcC&pg=PA572|accessdate=5 September 2015}}</ref>
| NFPA-H = 3
| NFPA-F = 4
| NFPA-R = 0
| RPhrases = {{R61}} {{R12}} {{R26}} {{R48/23}}
| SPhrases = {{S53}} {{S45}}
| FlashPtC = −191
| AutoignitionPtC = 609
| ExploLimits = 12.5–74.2%
| NIOSH_ref = <ref name=PGCH>{{PGCH|0105}}</ref>
| PEL = TWA 50 ppm (55&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup>)
| REL = TWA 35 ppm (40&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup>) C 200&nbsp;ppm (229&nbsp;mg/m<sup>3</sup>)
| IDLH = 1200 ppm
| LC50 = 8636&nbsp;ppm (rat, 15&nbsp;min)<br/>5207&nbsp;ppm (rat, 30&nbsp;min)<br/>1784&nbsp;ppm (rat, 4&nbsp;h)<br/>2414&nbsp;ppm (mouse, 4&nbsp;h)<br/>5647&nbsp;ppm (guinea pig, 4&nbsp;h)<ref name=IDLH>{{IDLH|630080|Carbon monoxide}}</ref>
| LCLo = 4000&nbsp;ppm (human, 30&nbsp;min)<br/>5000&nbsp;ppm (human, 5&nbsp;min)<ref name=IDLH/>
 }}<ref>{{cite web|url=http://cameochemicals.noaa.gov/chemical/335|title=CARBON MONOXIDE - CAMEO Chemicals - NOAA|first=NOAA Office of Response and Restoration, US|last=GOV|website=cameochemicals.noaa.gov}}</ref>
|Section8={{Chembox Related
| OtherFunction_label = carbon oxides
| OtherFunction = [[Carbon dioxide]]<br/>[[Carbon suboxide]]<br/>[[Oxocarbon]]s
 }}
}}
'''Carbon monoxide''', with the chemical formula CO, is a colorless, odorless, and tasteless [[gas]]. It consists of one carbon atom covalently bonded to one oxygen atom. It is made when [[organic compound|carbon compounds]] burn and there is not enough [[oxygen]]. It is a good [[fuel]] and burns in air with a blue flame, making [[carbon dioxide]]. It is very [[toxic]], but it is useful for modern technology as well.

The most important use for carbon monoxide in industry is making [[iron]] from iron ore. The carbon monoxide takes the oxygen from the iron ore when heated in a large oven called a [[blast furnace]]. Liquid metal iron is left behind. The carbon monoxide turns into [[carbon dioxide]].

Carbon monoxide can accidentally form when there is too little air to burn all the fuel into [[carbon dioxide]]. Such a situation may happen if the oven shutters are closed too early or if a mobile cooker is used in a small tent with no ventilation (Ventilation is fresh air coming in and smoke going out). Many people have died from carbon monoxide poisoning. Low-level [[carbon monoxide poisoning]] can cause feelings of paranoia and hallucinations, and has been determined to be a major cause of [[Haunted house|"haunted" houses]]. Higher levels of carbon monoxide can cause [[Influenza|flu]]-like symptoms, [[headache]]s, and [[death]]. Small amounts of it are found in coal gas, a fuel produced by heating coal without any air.

== Production ==
Despite that it is a [[poison]], carbon monoxide is very useful in chemical industry so lots of ways of making it have been discovered.<ref>Holleman, A. F.; Wiberg, E. "Inorganic Chemistry" Academic Press: San Diego, 2001. {{ISBN|0-12-352651-5}}.</ref> Normally we burn [[Coke (fuel)|coke]] at high temperature with not enough oxygen. [[Blast furnace]]s work this way. The chemical equation for this is:

:2C + O<sub>2</sub> → 2CO

It can be also made by blowing hot steam through red-hot crushed coke

: C + H<sub>2</sub>O → CO + H<sub>2</sub>

Carbon monoxide can be used as heating fuel because it burns easily into carbon dioxide. It can also be used as so-called "synthesis gas" for making man-made gasoline in the [[Fischer-Tropsch process]].

During the [[World War II]] when petrol was rare and reserved for the [[military]], many [[cars]] were converted to use ''wood gas''. It is carbon monoxide made by burning wood chips in insufficient amount of air. The wood gas was made in a special oven called ''generator'', which was carried on the car. The resulting carbon monoxide was then used as fuel for the car itself. Even today there are cars which use wood gas as fuel.

== References ==
{{Reflist}}

== Other websites ==
* [http://www.ilo.org/public/english/protection/safework/cis/products/icsc/dtasht/_icsc00/icsc0023.htm International Chemical Safety Card 0023]
* [http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/19.html National Pollutant Inventory - Carbon Monoxide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090208200658/http://www.npi.gov.au/database/substance-info/profiles/19.html |date=2009-02-08 }}
* [https://www.cdc.gov/niosh/npg/npgd0105.html NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards]
* [http://www.epa.gov/ebtpages/airairpocarbonmonoxide.html United States Environmental Protection Agency Carbon Monoxide page]
* [http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/CA/carbon_monoxide.html External MSDS data sheet] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060516154404/http://physchem.ox.ac.uk/MSDS/CA/carbon_monoxide.html |date=2006-05-16 }}
* [http://www.carbonmonoxidekills.com Carbon Monoxide Kills Campaign Site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070418160457/http://www.carbonmonoxidekills.com/ |date=2007-04-18 }}
* [http://www.carbon-monoxide-survivor.com Carbon Monoxide information for victims of poisoning]
* [http://zenstoves.net/COHazard.htm Carbon Monoxide Hazards with Backpacking Stoves]
* [http://seafood.ucdavis.edu/Guidelines/fdabulletin16b.htm USFDA IMPORT BULLETIN 16B-95, May 1999] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20120716235246/http://seafood.ucdavis.edu/Guidelines/fdabulletin16b.htm |date=2012-07-16 }}
* [http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~rdb/opa-g083.html FDA Agency Response Letter GRAS Notice No. GRN 000083] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070411093732/http://www.cfsan.fda.gov/~rdb/opa-g083.html |date=2007-04-11 }}
* [http://www.co-meat.com/background.html Carbon Monoxide in Fresh Meat site] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070325124351/http://www.co-meat.com/background.html |date=2007-03-25 }}
* [http://rad.usuhs.mil/medpix/medpix_cow.html?pt_id=10478&quiz=no#top Radiology and Pathology of CO Poisoning]{{Dead link|date=January 2021 |bot=InternetArchiveBot |fix-attempted=yes }} Images from MedPix

{{Oxides of carbon}}
{{Chemical agents}}

[[Category:Toxicology]]
[[Category:Carbon compounds]]
[[Category:Oxides]]