Chen Xiaocui
Chen Xiaocui | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Born | Chen Cui ( 25 September 1902 Hangchow (Hangzhou), Qing Dynasty | ||||||||||
Died | 1 July 1967 | (aged 64)||||||||||
Cause of death | Suicide | ||||||||||
Other names | Chen Cui, Chen Cuina, Cuilou | ||||||||||
Political party | Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party (1956–1967) | ||||||||||
Spouse |
Tang Yanqi
(m. 1927; died 1952) | ||||||||||
Children | Tang Cuichu | ||||||||||
Parent(s) | Chen Xu Zhu Shu | ||||||||||
Chinese name | |||||||||||
Traditional Chinese | |||||||||||
Simplified Chinese | 陈小 | ||||||||||
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Chen Xiaocui (25 September 1902 – 1 July 1967) was a Chinese poet, writer, and painter.[1] She was a founder of the Chinese Women's Calligraphy and Painting Association. After the People's Republic of China was founded, she became one of the first professors at the Shanghai Chinese Painting Academy in 1960. She died with suicide in 1967 during the Cultural Revolution, which had begun the year before.
Throughout her life, Chen created classical Chinese poetry, short stories, novels, and plays, translated Western literature, and created paintings. Her notable collection of poetry is called "Cuilou Yincao".
Early life
[change | change source]Chen Xiaocui was born on 25 September 1902.[2] Her family came from Hangchow (Hangzhou).[3] Her grandmother named her Chen Cui (
In her early childhood, Chen Xiaocui received literature instruction from her mother, Zhu Shu.[7] She began formal education at the age of four.[8] In 1909, while the family lived in Pingchang (
In 1913, Chen Xu started Sanren Gongsi (Chinese:
Meanwhile, at the age of seventeen, Chen Xiaocui began to study Chinese painting on her own.[16] In 1919, she studied painting with Yang Shiyou and Feng Chaoran.[17]
Marriage
[change | change source]In January 1922, the magazine Banyue (Chinese:
In 1927, Chen's parents arranged her marriage to Tang Yanqi. Tang was the eldest son of Tang Shouqian, the former governor of Zhejiang and the first secretary of transportation of the Republic of China. Tang was also the nephew of Ma Yifu. In October, Chen Xu published Chen's collection of personal works, Cuilou Yincao, as part of her dowry.[20] It's worth noting that Chen kept her engagement a secret from her best friend, likely due to traditional beliefs.
In 1928, Chen and Tang had a daughter named Tang Cuichu.[21] However, the couple separated after two to three years of marriage.[22][23] Tang Shouqian left for Taiwan before the People's Republic of China was founded and died there in 1952.[24]
Carrer
[change | change source]In 1934, Chen established the China Women's Calligraphy and Painting Association (CWCPA) with other female painters, including Gu Qingyao, Feng Wenfeng, Li Qiujun, Zhou Lianxia, Jiang Yanan, and Wu Qingxia.[25] The association held its inaugural meeting on 29 April 1934, during which Chen was elected as a board member and an editor. On 18 May, Chen and Li Qiujun were chosen as co-chairs of the association.[26] The association organized ten exhibitions by 1944.[27]
In the late 1930s, Chinese vernacular literature gained popularity due to the New Culture Movement. However, Chen continued to compose poetry in classical Chinese.[28] In April 1935, she attended the founding conference of Cunwenhui (Chinese:
When Japan took control of Shanghai in 1937, Chen's father and two brothers fled to Kunming, while Chen and her mother stayed in Shanghai.[30] Chen Xu fell ill in 1939, returned to Shanghai, and died on 24 March 1940. Chen Xiaocui collected and published her father's remaining works as Xuyuan Yigao (Chinese: 栩園
After the end of the Second Sino-Japanese War in 1945, Chen and other poets, including Cheng Zhongtao, Zhang Hongwei, and Cheng Man-ch'ing, founded the Shalong Poetry Society (Chinese:
In 1947, when Shanghai's Bureau of Education was preparing to establish the Shanghai Museum of Art, Chen Xiaocui was named one of its committee members.[33] She also began teaching private painting that year.[33] In 1948, the Shanghai campus of the Wuxi Specialized College of Chinese Studies hired Chen as a professor in Chinese poetry.[33] In April 1949, Chen's paintings were included in the spring exhibition of the Shanghai Museum of Art.[33]
According to Chen Xiaodie, Chen Xiaocui considered leaving for Taiwan in 1950 but ultimately decided against it.[34] In 1956, Wu Hufan introduced Chen to the Chinese Peasants' and Workers' Democratic Party.[35] In 1957, Chen's daughter Tang Cuichu left for France.[36] In 1960, when the Shanghai Chinese Painting Academy was founded, Chen became one of the first professors alongside Zhou Lianxia and Lu Xiaoman.[37] In 1964, Shi Zhecun learned of Chen's address in Shanghai and visited her on February 20, marking their first meeting. They continued to exchange literary works during subsequent visits.[38]
Persecution and suicide
[change | change source]In 1966, when the Cultural Revolution began, Chen Xiaocui was taken away from her home in June.[22] In the winter of 1966,[39] she sought shelter with Zhao Quancheng and Chen Maoheng.[22] However, after two months, the Zhao family faced struggle sessions, and the Shanghai Chinese Painting Academy insisted that Chen return to campus.[22]
During this time, Chen Xiaocui changed her place of residence with Pang Zuoyu to avoid harassment from the Red Guards.[40] She tried to escape from Shanghai twice, but both times she was caught. The second time, she was found with over 300 jin of grain ration coupons and hundreds of Yuan hidden in her trousers. Her personal belongings were taken, and she was tied up and beaten by two Red Guards.[40]
In 1967, the rebel faction of Shanghai's Administration of Culture (
References
[change | change source]Citations
[change | change source]- ↑ "Chen Xiaocui". chinesenewart.com. Retrieved 1 November 2023.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 Zhao 2019, p. 370.
- ↑ Chen 2011, p. 76.
- ↑ Huang 2019, pp. 5–6.
- ↑ Huang 2019, p. 2, 7.
- ↑ 6.0 6.1 Huang 2019, p. 8.
- ↑ Huang 2019, pp. 9, 20.
- ↑ 8.0 8.1 Huang 2019, p. 20.
- ↑ 9.0 9.1 Zhao 2019, pp. 370–71.
- ↑ 10.0 10.1 Zhao 2019, p. 371.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, p. 371, "
中學 畢業". - ↑ Zhao 2019, p. 371, "
陳 栩發起 成立 「三 人 公司 」,與 李 常 覺 (新 甫 )、吴覺迷、陳 小 蝶 、陳 小 翠 合作 翻譯 英美 小説 。譯本 由 李 長 覺 主 選 並 口述 譯文 ,吴覺迷、陳 小 蝶 、陳 小 翠 分 别记录,最 后 由 陳 栩删改 潤 飾 定 稿 ,署名 「太 常 仙 蝶 」發表 。五 年 中 ,「三 人 公司 」合 譯 了 包括 《福 爾 摩 斯探案 集 全集 》在 内的 外國 長 短篇 小説 七 十 三 部 ". - ↑ Huang 2019, p. 13, "
年 十 三 ,遷居海上 。時 父兄 方 譯 著 小說 ,八 口 之 家 ,所 入 惟 賴 硯田 。予 亦 試 為之 ,家君 以為可用 ;于是習為常 課 ,日 寫 千 字 ,賣文 以助家計 ,恆 署 小 翠 二 字 。". - ↑ Huang 2019, p. 13.
- ↑ Huang 2019, p. 21.
- ↑ Huang 2019, p. 15.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, p. 373.
- ↑ Liu 2009, pp. 149–50.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, p. 374.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, p. 378.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, pp. 378–379.
- ↑ 22.0 22.1 22.2 22.3 Xu 2011.
- ↑ Huang 2019, pp. 29–30.
- ↑ Wang 2019, "
新 中国 成立 之 前 ,汤彦耆去了 台湾 ,1952年 去 世 ". - ↑ Huang 2019, p. 33.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, pp. 381.
- ↑ Huang 2019, p. 34.
- ↑ Huang 2019, pp. 16–17.
- ↑ Huang 2019, pp. 17–18.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, p. 384.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, pp. 385–386.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, pp. 388–89.
- ↑ 33.0 33.1 33.2 33.3 33.4 Zhao 2019, p. 389.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, pp. 389–90.
- ↑ Ma 2019, p. 63.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, p. 391.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, pp. 384–393.
- ↑ Zhao 2019, pp. 392–393.
- ↑ Huang 2019, p. 36.
- ↑ 40.0 40.1 Chen 2011, pp. 78–79.
- ↑ 41.0 41.1 41.2 Zhao 2019, p. 394.
- ↑ Guo 2012, p. 268.
Newspaper articles
[change | change source]- Xu, Wanyun (27 February 2011).
我 所 认识的 陈小翠 先生 . 东方早 报 [Dongfang Daily]. p. B10. Archived from the original on 5 March 2011. Retrieved 3 November 2023.
Journal articles
[change | change source]- Zhao, Yufei (30 June 2019).
陳 小 翠 年譜 [A Chronology of Chen Xiaocui]. 词学 (1): 369–98. - Huang, Jin-chu (2019).
新 時代 的 閨 秀作 家 :陳 小 翠 其人其事 [A Literary Woman of the New Era: The Life and Times of Chen Xiaocui] (PDF).近代 中國 婦 女史 研究 [Research on Women in Modern Chinese History]. 2019 (33): 1–52. - Liu, Jun (2009).
兒女 庚 詞 舊 有緣 ——施 蟄存與 陳 小 翠 的 一 段 往事 .新 文學 史料 . 2009 (2): 149–151. - Wang, He (2019).
陳 小 翠 :翠 樓 清 韻 成 絕 響 [Chen Xiaocui: The Clear Music of Cuilou Ends].同舟 共 进 [Progressing Together]. 2019 (5). Guangdong Provincial Committee of the Chinese People's Political Consultative Conference. Archived from the original on 16 July 2022. Retrieved 3 November 2023. - Ma, Zhen (2019).
春水 如雲綠 上天 ——記 中國 現代 傑出 女 畫家 、詩人 陳 小 翠 [On Chen Xiaocui, the Extraordinary Modern Chinese Woman Painter, Poet].前進 論壇 [Forum for Advancement] (in Chinese). 2019 (1): 61–63.
Books
[change | change source]- Chen, Julai (2011). 陈小
翠 [Chen Xiaocui].安 持 人物 琐忆 (in Chinese). Shanghai Calligraphy & Painting Press. pp. 76–79. ISBN 9787547901588. - Guo, Mei (December 2012). 泼云蓝写
不尽 你心头痛 —— 倚翠楼主 陈翠娜 [Chen Cuina].浙江 女 曲 家 研究 [Study on the Women Qu Writers of Zhejiang] (PDF). Zhejiang University Press. pp. 209–75. ISBN 978-7-308-10867-6. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2023-10-24. Retrieved 2023-11-06.