たい

Такође погледајте: だい и タイ

Јапански

Etymology 1

Alternative spelling
度どい (obsolete)

From たし (-tashi), generally regarded as a shift from Old Japanese いたし (itasi, “painful”), modern 痛いたい (itai). Appears as a verbal suffix from at least The Tale of the Heike completed before 1330. Replaces previous volitional or desiderative suffix まほし (mahoshi).

Pronunciation

• МФА^(кључ): [ta̠i]

• In Tokyo speech, the accent of the verb construction depends on the suffixed verb:
  • If the suffixed verb is accented, the accent falls on the first mora in the suffix: つく​る [tsùkúꜜrù] (Nakadaka) → つくりた​い [tsùkúrítáꜜì] (Nakadaka)
  • If the suffixed verb is non-accented and the suffix is in the dictionary form (nonpast), the result is either non-accented or accented on the first mora of the suffix: あそぶ [àsóbú] (Heiban - [0]) → あそびたい [àsóbítáí] (Heiban - [0]) or あそびた​い [àsóbítáꜜì] (Nakadaka). Further conjugation is based on the accented version.

Suffix

たい (-tai) -i (adverbial たく (-taku))

1. Used to form the desiderative of verbs: want (to do); hope (to do)

   読(よ)みたいなら貸かし(か)すよ

   yomitai nara kasu yo

   If you want to read it, I can lend it to you.

   彼かれ(かれ)は注ちゅう(ちゅう)目め(もく)されたい

   kare wa chūmoku saretai

   He wants to gain other people's attention.

   アイスが食しょく(た)べたい

   aisu ga tabetai

   I want to eat ice cream.

2. (only with verb ある, である and honorifics) Expressing a wish of the speaker: I hope that; I wish that

   正ただし(しょう)直じき(じき)者もの(もの)がばかを見み(み)ない世よ(よ)の中なか(なか)でありたい

   shōjikimono ga baka o minai yo no naka de aritai

   I wish in this world the honest people would not suffer losses.

   別べつ(べっ)表ひょう(ぴょう)を参まいり(さん)照あきら(しょう)されたい

   beppyō o sanshō saretai

   Please see the appendix table.

Inflection

Inflection of たい

Stem forms
Imperfective (未然みぜん形がた)	たかろ	takaro
Continuative (連用形れんようけい)	たく	taku
Terminal (終止しゅうし形がた)	たい	tai
Attributive (連体れんたい形がた)	たい	tai
Hypothetical (仮定かてい形がた)	たけれ	takere
Imperative (命令めいれい形がた)	たかれ	takare
Key constructions
Informal negative	たくない	taku nai
Informal past	たかった	takatta
Informal negative past	たくなかった	taku nakatta
Formal	たいです	tai desu
Formal negative	たくないです	taku nai desu
Formal past	たかったです	takatta desu
Formal negative past	たくなかったです	taku nakatta desu
Conjunctive	たくて	takute
Conditional	たければ	takereba
Provisional	たかったら	takattara
Volitional	たかろう	takarō
Adverbial	たく	taku
Degree	たさ	tasa

Classical conjugation of "たし" (ク活用かつよう, see Appendix:Japanese verbs.)

Stem forms
Irrealis (未然みぜん形がた)	たく[1] たから[2]		taku takara
Continuative (連用形れんようけい)	たく[1] たかり[2]		taku takari
Terminal (終止しゅうし形がた)	たし		tasi
Attributive (連体れんたい形がた)	たき たかる		taki takaru
Realis (已然いぜん形がた)	たけれ		takere
Imperative (命令めいれい形がた)	たかれ		takare
Key constructions
Negative	たからず		takarazu
Contrasting conjunction	たけれど		takeredo
Causal conjunction	たければ		takereba
Conditional conjunction	たくば		takuba
Past tense (firsthand knowledge)	たかりき		takariki
Past tense (secondhand knowledge)	たかりけり		takarikeri
Adverbial	たく		taku
[1]Without auxiliary verb. [2]With auxiliary verb.

Usage notes

• The suffix たい (-tai) is used exclusively to talk about the speaker's own wants. When describing the wants of someone else, the suffix たがる (-tagaru) is used instead.
• Attaches to the 連用形れんようけい (ren'yōkei, “continuative or stem form”) of verbs. The result is conjugated like an adjective (形容詞けいようし) but allows for the combination with nominal particles such as を, unlike regular adjectives.

死し(し)にたくない ― shinitaku nai ― do not want to die

それを食しょく(た)べたかった。 ― sore o tabetakatta. ― I wanted to eat that.

• Except for sense 2 (see above), たい does not express the meaning "someone wants other people to do something". In that case, 欲ほしい is usually used instead. Compare:

彼かれ(かの)女おんな(じょ)は帰き(かえ)りたい

kanojo wa kaeritai

She wants to go home.

彼かれ(かの)女おんな(じょ)は帰き(かえ)ってほしい

kanojo wa kaette hoshii

I hope she could go home.

• Verb with たい can sometimes mark the grammatical object with が, besides the normal object marker を.

アイスが食しょく(た)べたい

aisu ga tabetai

I want to eat ice cream.

アイスを食しょく(た)べたい

aisu o tabetai

I want to eat ice cream.

• This word is morphologically an inflectional suffix. It is classified as 助動詞じょどうし (jodōshi, “auxiliary verb”) in traditional Japanese grammar.

Derived terms

• たがる (tagaru)

Etymology 2

За изговор и дефиниције たい – see the following entry: 鯛たい

(The following entry is uncreated: 鯛たい.)

Etymology 3

За изговор и дефиниције たい – see the following entries: 体からだ, 対たい, 隊たい, 太ふとし, 態たい, 袋ふくろ, 胎, 堆うずたか, 泰やすし, 敦あつし, 他意たい

(The following entries are uncreated: 体からだ, 対たい, 隊たい, 太ふとし, 態たい, 袋ふくろ, 胎, 堆うずたか, 泰やすし, 敦あつし, 他意たい.)

Etymology 4

За изговор и дефиниције たい – see the following entry: 田井だい

(The following entry is uncreated: 田井だい.)

Etymology 5

За изговор и дефиниције たい – see the following entry: 田居たい

(The following entry is uncreated: 田居たい.)