Tazama chanzo cha Hidrokaboni

[[File:Methane-3D-balls.png|thumb|300px|Molekuli ya methani ambayo ni hidrokaboni aina ya alkani.]]
'''Hidrokaboni''' ni aina mbalimbali za [[kampaundi ogania]] za [[Kemia|kikemia]] zinazojengwa kwa [[atomi]] za [[hidrojeni]] na [[kaboni]] pekee. 

Kwa [[asili]] zinapatikana hasa katika [[mafuta]] ya [[petroliamu]] iliyotokana na mchakato wa kuoza kwa [[mimea]] na [[mata]] ogania yenye kaboni na hidrojeni nyingi. Hidrokaboni haziwezi kuingia katika mmenyuko wa kikemia na [[maji]].

Hidrokaboni ni chanzo muhimu cha [[nishati]] kwa [[binadamu]] [[duniani]]; [[petroli]] na [[diseli]] ni mchanganyiko wa aina za hidrokaboni.

==Vikundi vya hidrokaboni==
Hidrokaboni hupangwa katika vikundi 5.

===Alkani===
{{main|Alkani}}
Alkani ni hidrokaboni za msingi. [[Fomula]] yake ni C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n+2</sub>.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Jina la alkani
! Fomula
|-
| Methani
| CH<sub>4</sub>
|-
| Ethani
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
|-
| Propani
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>8</sub>
|-
| Butani
| C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>10</sub>
|-
| Pentani
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>12</sub>
|-
| Hexani
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>14</sub>
|-
| Heptani
| C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>16</sub>
|-
| Oktani
| C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>18</sub>
|-
| Nonani
| C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>20</sub>
|-
| Dekani
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>22</sub>
|}

===Alkeni===
[[Alkeni]] hufanana na [[alkani]] lakini zina muungo jozi kati ya kaboni na kaboni. Fomula yake ni  C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub>.
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Jina la alkeni
! Fomula
|-
| Etheni
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>4</sub>
|-
| Propeni
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
|-
| Buteni
| C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>
|-
| Penteni
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>
|-
| Hexeni
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>
|-
| Hepteni
| C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>14</sub>
|-
| Okteni
| C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>16</sub>
|-
| Noneni
| C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>18</sub>
|-
| Deseni
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>20</sub>
|}


===Alkini===
{{main|Alkini}}
[[Alkini]] zina muungo wa mara tatu kati ya kaboni na kaboni. Fomula yake ni  C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n-2</sub>
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Jina la alkini
! Fomula
|-
| Ethini
| C<sub>2</sub>H<sub>2</sub>
|-
| Propini
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>
|-
| Butini
| C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
|-
| Pentini
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>8</sub>
|-
| Hexini
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>10</sub>
|-
| Heptini
| C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>12</sub>
|-
| Octini
| C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>14</sub>
|-
| Nonini
| C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>16</sub>
|-
| Desini
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>18</sub>
|}

===Sikloalkani===
{{main|Sikloalkani}}
[[Sikloalkani]] ni [[isomeri]] za [[alkeni]]. Fomula yake ni pia (C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n</sub>) lakini hazina muungo jozi kati ya kaboni na kaboni.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Jina la Sikloalkani
! Fomula
|-
| Siklopropani
| C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>6</sub>
|-
| Siklobutani
| C<sub>4</sub>H<sub>8</sub>
|-
| Siklopentani
| C<sub>5</sub>H<sub>10</sub>
|-
| Siklohexani
| C<sub>6</sub>H<sub>12</sub>
|-
| Sikloheptani
| C<sub>7</sub>H<sub>14</sub>
|-
| Sikloctani
| C<sub>8</sub>H<sub>16</sub>
|-
| Siklononani
| C<sub>9</sub>H<sub>18</sub>
|-
| Siklodekani
| C<sub>10</sub>H<sub>20</sub>
|}
 

===Alkadini===
{{main|Alkadini}}
[[Alkadini]] zina muungo jozi mbili kati ya kaboni na kaboni. Fomula ni C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n-2</sub>. Hizi ni isomeri za [[Alkini]].

== Hidrokaboni aromatiki ==
Hidrokaboni aromatiki ni [[molekuli]] ogania yenye [[umbo]] la [[mviringo]] [[tambarare]].  
Fomula yake ni C<sub>n</sub>H<sub>2n-6</sub> na "n" ni sawa na kubwa kuliko 6. 
{{mbegu-kemia}}
[[Category:Hidrokaboni| ]]