Injili ya Marko

Mwinjilisti Marlo katika Biblia ya malkia Theofanu (mnamo 1000)

Injili ya Marko ni kitabu cha pili katika orodha ya Agano Jipya katika Biblia ya Kikristo. Huhesabiwa kati ya Injili Ndugu pamoja na Mathayo na Luka.

Kama vitabu vingine vyote vya Biblia, hiki pia kinatakiwa kisomwe katika mfululizo wa historia ya wokovu ili kukielewa kadiri ya maendeleo ya ufunuo wa Mungu kwa binadamu.

Yaliyomo yake ni habari za Yesu Kristo tangu kubatizwa kwake na Yohane Mbatizaji hadi ufufuko wake.

Mwandishi na wakati wa kuandikwa

Injili yenyewe haimtaji mwandishi wake.

Papias (mnamo mwaka 130) aliandika ya kwamba Yohane Marko alikuwa mwandishi wa taarifa hii. Huyu Yohane Marko anatajwa katika kitabu cha Matendo ya Mitume kuwa mwenyeji wa Yerusalemu aliyemsindikiza Barnaba na Mtume Paulo kwenye safari yao ya kwanza. Papias alisema pia alikuwa mfasiri wa Mtume Petro aliyesikia jinsi Petro alivyosimulia habari za Yesu.

Baadhi ya wataalamu wa leo wana shaka juu ya huyu Marko kuwa mwandishi kwa sababu Injili yenyewe yaonyesha mwandishi wake hakujua vizuri sana habari za Uyahudi.

Kwa upande mwingine kuna pia mapokeo kuwa Marko huyu hakuwa mwenyeji wa Yerusalemu bali mtu mwenye asili ya Afrika ya Kaskazini aliyehamia Palestina baadaye.

Inaonekana ya kwamba Injili hiyo iliandikwa kabla ya maangamizi ya Yerusalemu mwaka 70 kwa sababu hakuna dalili ya kwamba mwandishi alikuwa na habari hii.

Inakubaliwa na wengi kwamba iliandikwa mjini Roma au walau nchini Italia baada tu ya dhuluma za Kaisari Nero dhidi ya Wakristo kuanza.

Yaliyomo

• Ufunguzi wa Injili (1:1-13)
  • Yohane Mbatizaji (1:2-8)
  • Ubatizo wa Yesu (1:9-11)
  • Kujaribiwa kwa Yesu (1:12-13)
• Kazi ya Yesu katika Galilaya (1:14 - 9:50)
• Kazi ya Yesu katika Yudea na safari ya kwenda Yerusalemu (10)
• Kazi ya Yesu katika Yerusalemu na ziara ya Bethania (11 - 13)
• Kesi dhidi ya Yesu na mauti yake (14 - 15)
• Ufufuko wake (16)

Marejeo

• Aune, David E. (1987). The New Testament in its literary environment. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 978-0-664-25018-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Boring, M. Eugene (2006). Mark: A Commentary. Presbyterian Publishing Corp. ISBN 978-0-664-22107-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Brown, Raymond E. (1997). An Introduction to the New Testament. Doubleday. ISBN 978-0-385-24767-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Burkett, Delbert (2002). An introduction to the New Testament and the origins of Christianity. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-00720-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Cole, R. Alan (1989). The Gospel According to Mark: An Introduction and Commentary (tol. la 2). Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-0481-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Collins, Adela Yarbro (2000). Cosmology and Eschatology in Jewish and Christian Apocalypticism. BRILL. ISBN 978-90-04-11927-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Cross, Frank L.; Livingstone, Elizabeth A., whr. (2005) [1997]. "Messianic Secret". The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church (tol. la 3). Oxford University Press. uk. 1083. ISBN 978-0-19-280290-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editorlink1= ignored (|editor-link1= suggested) (help)
• Donahue, John R. (2005) [2002]. The Gospel of Mark. Liturgical Press. ISBN 978-0-8146-5965-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Dunn, James D.G. (2003). Jesus Remembered. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-3931-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Edwards, James (2002). The Gospel According to Mark. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-85111-778-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ehrman, Bart D. (1993). The Orthodox Corruption of Scripture : The Effect of Early Christological Controversies on the Text of the New Testament. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-510279-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Ehrman, Bart D. (1 Mei 2006). Peter, Paul and Mary Magdalene: The Followers of Jesus in History and Legend. Oxford University Press. ku. 6–10. ISBN 978-0-19-974113-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• Ehrman, Bart D. (15 Septemba 2005). Lost Christianities: The Battles for Scripture and the Faiths We Never Knew. Oxford University Press. uk. 235. ISBN 978-0-19-975668-1. Most scholars today have abandoned these identifications... {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)CS1 maint: date auto-translated (link)
• France, R.T. (2002). The Gospel of Mark: A Commentary on the Greek text. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-2446-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Gamble, Harry Y. (1995). Books and Readers in the Early Church: A History of Early Christian Texts. Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-06918-1. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Horsely, Richard A. (2007). "Mark". Katika Coogan, Michael David; Brettler, Marc Zvi; Newsom, Carol Ann (whr.). The New Oxford Annotated Bible with the Apocryphal/Deuterocanonical Books: New Revised Standard Version. Oxford University Press. ku. 56–92 New Testament. ISBN 978-0-19-528881-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Hurtado, Larry W. (2005) [2003]. Lord Jesus Christ: Devotion to Jesus in Earliest Christianity. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-3167-5. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Joel, Marcus (2000). Eerdmans Dictionary of the Bible. Eerdmans. ISBN 9789053565032. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Kee, Howard Clark (1993). "Magic and Divination". Katika Coogan, Michael David; Metzger, Bruce M. (whr.). The Oxford Companion to the Bible. Oxford University Press. ku. 483–84. ISBN 978-0-19-504645-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Koester, Helmut (2000) [1982]. Introduction to the New Testament: History and literature of early Christianity (tol. la 2). Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-0-567-16561-9. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Lössl, Josef (2010). The Early Church: History and Memory. Continuum. ASIN 0567165612. ISBN 978-0-567-16561-9. {{cite book}}: Check |asin= value (help); Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Malbon, Elizabeth Struthers (2000). In the Company of Jesus: Characters in Mark's Gospel. Westminster John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664222550. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Morris, Leon (1990) [1986]. New Testament Theology. Zondervan. ISBN 978-0-310-45571-4. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Moyise, Steve (2013). Introduction to Biblical Studies. Bloomsbury. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Perkins, Pheme (1998). "The Synoptic Gospels and the Acts of the Apostles: Telling the Christian Story". Katika Barton, John (mhr.). The Cambridge companion to biblical interpretation. Westminster John Knox Press. ku. 241–58. ISBN 978-0-521-48593-7. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Perkins, Pheme (2009) [2007]. Introduction to the Synoptic Gospels. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-6553-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Powell, Mark Allan (1998). Jesus as a Figure in History: How Modern Historians View the Man from Galilee. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-664-25703-3. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Reddish, Mitchell (2011). An Introduction to The Gospels. Abingdon Press, 2011. ISBN 9781426750083.
• Smith, Stephen H. (1995). "A Divine Tragedy: Some Observations on the Dramatic Structure of Mark's Gospel". Novum Testamentum. 37 (3). E.J. Brill, Leiden: 209–31. doi:10.1163/1568536952662709. JSTOR 1561221. {{cite journal}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Schröter, Jens [in Kijerumani] (2010). "The Gospel of Mark". Katika Aune, David E. (mhr.). The Historical Jesus: A Comprehensive Guide. Wiley–Blackwell. ku. 272–95. ISBN 978-1-4051-0825-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Strecker, Georg [in Kijerumani] (2000). Theology of the New Testament. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-0-664-22336-6. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Telford, William R. (1999). The Theology of the Gospel of Mark. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-43977-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Twelftree, Graham H. (1999). Jesus the miracle worker: a historical & theological study. InterVarsity Press. ISBN 978-0-8308-1596-8. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Welch, John W. (2006). "Miracles, Maleficium, and Maiestas in the Trial of Jesus". Katika Charlesworth, James H. (mhr.). Jesus and Archaeology. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-4880-2. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help); Unknown parameter |editorlink= ignored (|editor-link= suggested) (help)
• Williamson, Lamar (1983). Mark. John Knox Press. ISBN 9780664237608. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)
• Witherington, Ben (2001). The Gospel of Mark: A Socio-rhetorical Commentary. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing. ISBN 978-0-8028-4503-0. {{cite book}}: Invalid |ref=harv (help)

Viungo vya nje

Wikimedia Commons ina media kuhusu:

Injili ya Marko

Tafsiri ya Kiswahili

• [1] Agano Jipya kwa lugha ya Kiswahili.

Vitabu vingine

• A Brief Introduction to Mark Archived 4 Machi 2016 at the Wayback Machine.
• Resources for the Book of Mark at The Text This Week
• An Online Textual Commentary on the Greek Gospels Archived 8 Juni 2008 at the Wayback Machine. by Wieland Willker, including detailed text-critical discussion of the 300 most important variants of the Greek text (PDF, 411 pages) and the variant endings (PDF, 17 pages).
• Catholic Commentary on Sacred Scripture Archived 13 Aprili 2017 at the Wayback Machine. Gospel of Mark, Author Dr. Mary Healy

Makala hii kuhusu mambo ya Agano Jipya bado ni mbegu. Je, unajua kitu kuhusu Injili ya Marko kama historia yake au mahusiano yake na mada nyingine? Labda unaona habari katika Wikipedia ya Kiingereza au lugha nyingine zinazofaa kutafsiriwa? Basi unaweza kuisaidia Wikipedia kwa kuihariri na kuongeza habari.