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Seljuq dynasty - Britannica Concise
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or Saljuq dynasty

Muslim Turkmen dynasty that ruled Persia, Iraq, Syria, and Anatolia.

Seljuq was the chief of a nomadic Turkish tribe. His grandsons Chaghri Beg and Toghrïl Beg conquered realms in Iran. Under Alp-Arslan and Malik-Shah, the empire came to include all of Iran, Mesopotamia, Syria, and Palestine; Alp-Arslan's victory over the Byzantine Empire at the Battle of Manzikert led to several Crusades. Adherents of Sunnite Islam, the Seljuqs adopted Persian culture, and under them the Persian language partly displaced Arabic as a literary language in Iran. By 1200 Seljuq power remained only in their sultanate of Rum in Anatolia, which collapsed in a war against the Khwarezm-Shah dynasty in 1230 and was overrun by Mongols in 1243. See also Nizam al-Mulk.

More on "Seljuq dynasty" from Britannica Concise:
Buyid dynasty - (945-1055) Muslim Shi'ite dynasty founded by three sons of Buyeh, a Daylamite (north Persian) fisherman.
Ghaznavid dynasty - (977-1186) Turkish dynasty that ruled in Khorasan (northeastern Iran), Afghanistan, and northern India.
Khwarezm-Shah dynasty - (c. 1077-1231) Dynasty that ruled Central Asia and Iran, first as vassals of the Seljuq dynasty and then independently.
Great Mosque of Esfahan - Complex of buildings, chiefly of the Seljuq period (see Seljuq dynasty), in Esfahan, Iran.
Manzikert, Battle of - (1071) Battle near the town of Manzikert (present-day Malazgirt, Turk.), in which the Seljuq Turks (see Seljuq dynasty) under Sultan Alp-Arslan defeated the Byzantines under Romanus IV Diogenes.
More on "Seljuq dynasty" from the 32 Volume Encyclopædia Britannica:
Seljuq - ruling military family of the Oguz (Ghuzz) Turkmen tribes that invaded southwestern Asia in the 11th century and eventually founded an empire that included Mesopotamia, Syria, Palestine, and most of Iran. Their advance marked the beginning of Turkish power in the Middle East.
Bavand - (665-1349), Iranian dynasty that ruled Tabaristan in what is now northern Iran.
Eldeguzid - (1137-1225), Iranian atabeg dynasty of Turkish origin that ruled in Azerbaijan (now divided between Iran and Azerbaijan).
Ghaznavid - (AD 977-1186), Turkish dynasty that ruled in Khorasan (in northeastern Iran), Afghanistan, and northern India.
'Uqaylid - Muslim Arab dynasty whose various branches ruled Mosul (c. 992-1096) and Takrit (1036-c. 1057), in what is now Iraq.
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