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Nile-Congo watershed (region, Africa)
...This river system runs from south to north across the entire length of the east-central part of the country. The immense plain of which The Sudan is composed is bounded on the west by the Nile-Congo watershed and the highlands of Darfur and on the east by the Ethiopian Plateau and the Red Sea Hills (ʿAtbāy). This plain can be divided into a northern area of rock desert that......
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Niles (Ohio, United States)
city, Trumbull county, northeastern Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Mahoning River, about midway between Youngstown and Warren, and is a part of the Mahoning industrial complex. Ruben Harmon, the first white settler (1797), and others discovered deposits of coal, iron ore, and limestone there. James Heaton built a foundry and organized ...
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Niles (Michigan, United States)
city, Berrien county, southwestern Michigan, U.S. It lies along the St. Joseph River 10 miles (16 km) north of South Bend, Ind. It is the only locality in the state to have been under the control of France, Great Britain, Spain, and the United States. The site became a...
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Niles Center (Illinois, United States)
village, Cook county, northeastern Illinois, U.S. A suburb of Chicago, it is located 16 miles (26 km) north of downtown. Called Niles Center until 1940, Skokie (renamed for the Potawatomi word for “swamp”) was settled in 1834 by immigrants from Germany an...
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Niles, Hezekiah (American newspaper editor)
editor and newspaper publisher who was one of the foremost figures in early American journalism....
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Niles, John Jacob (American musician)
American folksinger, folklorist, and composer of solo and choral songs....
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Niles’ Weekly Register (American newspaper)
...Post, continuing in that post until 1811. In the latter year he issued the prospectus for his Weekly Register (later to be called Niles’ Weekly Register), which he edited and published until 1836 and which became one of the most influential papers in the United......
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Nilestown (Ohio, United States)
city, Trumbull county, northeastern Ohio, U.S. It lies along the Mahoning River, about midway between Youngstown and Warren, and is a part of the Mahoning industrial complex. Ruben Harmon, the first white settler (1797), and others discovered deposits of coal, iron ore, and limestone there. James Heaton built a foundry and organized ...
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nilgai (mammal)
the largest Asian antelope (family Bovidae). The nilgai is indigenous to the Indian subcontinent, and Hindus accord it the same sacred status as cattle (both belong to the subfamily Bovinae). Accordingly, the nilgai is the only one of the four Indian antelopes that is still abundant....
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Nilgiri Hills (region, India)
mountainous region of Tamil Nadu state, southeastern India. The peaks of the Nilgiri rise abruptly from the surrounding plains to an elevation of about 6,000 to 8,000 feet (1,800 to 2,400 metres); one of them, Doda Betta (8,652 feet [2,637 metres]), is the highest point in Tamil Nadu. Part of the Western Ghats, the hills a...
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Nilgiri ibex (mammal)
...dark brown. The male has a full mane covering the neck and forequarters, and an adult male can weigh up to 120–140 kg (260–310 pounds), while females weigh about 60 kg (130 pounds). The Nilgiri tahr, or Nilgiri ibex (H. hylocrius), of southern India is dark brown with a grizzled saddle-shaped patch on its back; its......
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Nilgiri tahr (mammal)
...dark brown. The male has a full mane covering the neck and forequarters, and an adult male can weigh up to 120–140 kg (260–310 pounds), while females weigh about 60 kg (130 pounds). The Nilgiri tahr, or Nilgiri ibex (H. hylocrius), of southern India is dark brown with a grizzled saddle-shaped patch on its back; its......
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Nilo-Hamites (people)
any member of the Kipsikis (Kipsigis), Nandi, Pokot, or other related peoples of west-central Kenya, northern Tanzania, and Uganda who speak Southern Nilotic languages of the Nilo-Saharan language family....
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Nilo-Hamitic languages
...mixture (as an alternative to a uniform genetic classification into distinct language families) was defended most vigorously by the Africanist Carl Meinhof, who referred to these languages as “Nilo-Hamitic.” But, as Greenberg pointed out in his classificatory work, the mere presence of gender points only toward typological similarities between languages. What is at the heart of a....
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Nilo-Saharan languages
a group of languages that form one of the four language stocks or families on the African continent, the others being Afro-Asiatic, Khoisan, and Niger-Congo. The Nilo-Saharan languages are presumed to be descended from a common ancestral language and, therefore, to be genetically related...
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Nilópolis (Brazil)
city and suburb of Rio de Janeiro city, Rio de Janeiro estado (state), southeastern Brazil. It lies in the Guandu-Mirim River valley, at 92 feet (28 metres) above sea level. Originally situated 15 miles (24 km) northwest of Rio de Janeiro, Nilópolis experience...
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Nilot (people)
any member of several east-central African peoples living in southern Sudan, northern Uganda, and western Kenya. The name refers to the area in which they live, mostly the region of the Upper Nile and its tributaries, and to a linguistic unity that distinguishes them from their neighbours who have similar physical characteristics and culture. (See Nilotic languages.) The Nilotes...
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Nilotes (people)
any member of several east-central African peoples living in southern Sudan, northern Uganda, and western Kenya. The name refers to the area in which they live, mostly the region of the Upper Nile and its tributaries, and to a linguistic unity that distinguishes them from their neighbours who have similar physical characteristics and culture. (See Nilotic languages.) The Nilotes...
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Nilotic languages
group of related languages spoken in a relatively contiguous area from northwestern Congo (Kinshasa), southern Sudan, and western Ethiopia southward across Uganda and Kenya into northern Tanzania. Nilotic languages are part of the Eastern Sudanic subbranch of Nilo-Sa...
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“Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige” (work by Lagerlöf)
...2 vol. (1901–02), which established her as the foremost Swedish novelist. Other notable works were Herr Arnes Penningar (1904), a tersely but powerfully told historical tale; and Nils Holgerssons underbara resa genom Sverige, 2 vol. (1906–07; The Wonderful Adventures of Nils and Further Adventures of Nils), a geography reader for children....
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Nilson, Johann Esaiss (German artist)
...was established about 1712, continuing until about 1840. Most of the subjects used at Frankfurt and Hanau were repeated at Nürnberg, as well as designs based on the the Rococo engravings of J.E. Nilson (1721–88), which were also popular at many of the porcelain factories. The Rococo style, which spread from France to Germany about the second quarter of the 18th century, is......
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Nilson, Lars Fredrik (Swedish chemist)
...is a silvery-white, rather soft metal. After Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev predicted (1871) its existence, tentatively calling it ekaboron, Lars Fredrik Nilson discovered (1879) its oxide, scandia, in the rare-earth minerals gadolinite and euxenite, and Per Teodor Cleve (later in 1879) identified scandium with the hypothetical ekaboron....
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Nilsson, Birgit (Swedish singer)
Swedish operatic soprano, celebrated as a Wagnerian interpreter and known for her powerful, rich voice....
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Nilsson, Dan-Eric (Swedish zoologist)
The third type of superposition eye, discovered in 1988 in the crab genus Macropipus by Swedish zoologist Dan-Eric Nilsson, has optical elements that use a combination of a single lens and a parabolic mirror. The lens focuses an image near the top of the clear zone (similar to an apposition eye), but oblique rays are......
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Nilsson, Märta Birgit (Swedish singer)
Swedish operatic soprano, celebrated as a Wagnerian interpreter and known for her powerful, rich voice....
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Nilus of Ancyra, Saint (Greek abbot)
Greek Byzantine abbot and author of extensive ascetical literature that influenced both Eastern and Western monasticism. He also participated in the prevalent theological controversies concerning the Trinity and the person and work of Christ....
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Nilus of Rossano, Saint (abbot)
abbot and promoter of Greek monasticism in Italy, who founded several communities of monks in the region of Calabria following the Greek rule of St. Basil of Caesarea. A supporter of the regular successors to the papal crown in their controversies with antipopes, he also helped establish (1004) the noted abbey of Grottaferrat...
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Nilus the Ascetic (Greek abbot)
Greek Byzantine abbot and author of extensive ascetical literature that influenced both Eastern and Western monasticism. He also participated in the prevalent theological controversies concerning the Trinity and the person and work of Christ....
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Nilus the Younger (abbot)
abbot and promoter of Greek monasticism in Italy, who founded several communities of monks in the region of Calabria following the Greek rule of St. Basil of Caesarea. A supporter of the regular successors to the papal crown in their controversies with antipopes, he also helped establish (1004) the noted abbey of Grottaferrat...
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nim (game)
A game so old that its origin is obscure, Nim lends itself nicely to mathematical analysis. In its generalized form, any number of objects (counters) are divided arbitrarily into several piles. Two people play alternately; each, in turn, selects any one of the piles and removes from it all the objects, or as many as he chooses, but at least one object. The player removing the last object wins.......
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NIMA (United States government agency)
...and importance have grown with advances in surveillance technology. Its programs are perhaps the most expensive—and useful—sources of intelligence available to the U.S. government. The National Imagery and Mapping Agency (NIMA) was created in 1996 under the aegis of the Department of Defense to produce imagery intelligence for the U.S. military and other ......
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Nima Yushij (Iranian writer)
...expression previously won was cut short, although the modernizing policies of the regime were indirectly helpful in creating the conditions for the emergence of a new Persian literature. Nima Yushij was the first to propose a radical renewal of Persian poetry, not only of its contents but also of its prosody and imagery, but he found the opposing forces of tradition to be v...
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Nimach (India)
city, western Madhya Pradesh state, central India, located on a 1,640-foot- (500-metre-) high, barren basaltic ridge....
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Nimandi (Hindu sect)
Telugu-speaking Brahman, yogi, minor philosopher, and prominent astronomer who founded the devotional sect called Nimbārkas, Nimandi, or Nimāvats, who worshiped the deity Krishna (Kṛṣṇa) and his consort, Rādhā....
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Nimatron (mathematical device)
...binary system, however, it is possible to program a computer (or build a special machine) that will play a perfect game. Such a machine was invented by E.U. Condon and an associate; their automatic Nimatron was exhibited at the New York World’s Fair in 1940....
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Nimāvat (Hindu sect)
Telugu-speaking Brahman, yogi, minor philosopher, and prominent astronomer who founded the devotional sect called Nimbārkas, Nimandi, or Nimāvats, who worshiped the deity Krishna (Kṛṣṇa) and his consort, Rādhā....
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nimba (African mask)
...in a manner resembling western Sudanic work. They had rich traditions of mask and figure sculpture, many of which were suppressed with the advent of Islam. The best-known of these is the massive dumba mask, with its great cantilevered head supported on the upper part of a female torso, carved so as to rest on the shoulders of the wearer, who sees out through a hole between the breasts,.....
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Nimba, Mount (mountain, West Africa)
...1,000 feet (300 metres) above sea level. Most of the western border with Liberia and Guinea is shaped by mountain ranges, whose highest point, Mount Nimba (5,740 feet [1,752 metres]; see also Nimba Range), is situated in the the Mount Nimba Strict Nature Reserve (designated a UNESCO World.....
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Nimba otter shrew (mammal)
...a slightly shorter tail. More shrewlike in appearance are the two dwarf species (genus Micropotamogale), the Ruwenzori otter shrew (M. ruwenzorii) and the Nimba otter shrew (M. lamottei), which weigh 60 to 150 grams and have a body 12 to 20 cm long and a shorter tail. The water-repellent fur of all three is soft and dense....
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Nimba Range (mountains, Africa)
mountain chain extending in a southwest–northeast direction along the Guinea–Côte d’Ivoire–Liberia border. It reaches its highest elevation at Mount Nimba (5,748 feet [1,752 m]) in Guinea. Surrounded by lowland rain forest to the south...
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Nimbāditya (Indian philosopher)
Telugu-speaking Brahman, yogi, minor philosopher, and prominent astronomer who founded the devotional sect called Nimbārkas, Nimandi, or Nimāvats, who worshiped the deity Krishna (Kṛṣṇa) and his consort, Rādhā....
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Nimbārka (Hindu sect)
Telugu-speaking Brahman, yogi, minor philosopher, and prominent astronomer who founded the devotional sect called Nimbārkas, Nimandi, or Nimāvats, who worshiped the deity Krishna (Kṛṣṇa) and his consort, Rādhā....
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Nimbārka (Indian philosopher)
Telugu-speaking Brahman, yogi, minor philosopher, and prominent astronomer who founded the devotional sect called Nimbārkas, Nimandi, or Nimāvats, who worshiped the deity Krishna (Kṛṣṇa) and his consort, Rādhā....
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nimbostratus (meteorology)
...are cirrus, cirrocumulus, and cirrostratus. Middle clouds, 7 to 2 km (23,000 to 6,500 feet), are altocumulus and altostratus. Low clouds, 2 to 0 km (6,500 to 0 feet), are stratocumulus, stratus, and nimbostratus. A cloud that extends through all three heights is called a cumulonimbus. A cloud at the surface is called a fog....
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nimbus (art)
in art, radiant circle or disk surrounding the head of a holy person, a representation of spiritual character through the symbolism of light. In Hellenistic and Roman art the sun-god Helios and Roman emperors often appear with a crown of rays. Because of its pagan origin, the form was avoided in Early Christian art, but a simple circular nim...
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Nimeiri, Gaafar Mohamed el- (president of The Sudan)
major general, commander of the armed forces, and president of The Sudan (1971–85)....
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Nimeiry, Gaafar Mohamed el- (president of The Sudan)
major general, commander of the armed forces, and president of The Sudan (1971–85)....
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Nîmes (France)
city, Gard département, Languedoc-Roussillon région, southern France, south-southwest of Lyon. Situated at the foot of some barren hills called the Monts Garrigues to the north and west of the city, Nîmes stands in a vine-planted plain extending south and east....
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NIMH (United States agency)
In 1946 the passage of the National Mental Health Act in the United States made possible the creation of the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) in 1949 within what later became the Department of Health and Human Services. State hospital systems were reorganized with increased budgets, while significant federal funds were made available for research, training, and clinical facilities.......
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Nimitz, Chester W. (United States admiral)
commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet during World War II. One of the navy’s foremost administrators and strategists, he commanded all land and sea forces in the central Pacific area....
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Nimitz, Chester William (United States admiral)
commander of the U.S. Pacific Fleet during World War II. One of the navy’s foremost administrators and strategists, he commanded all land and sea forces in the central Pacific area....
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nimonic (metallurgy)
These advances in processing have been accompanied by the development of new “superalloys.” Superalloys are high-strength, often complex alloys that are resistant to high temperatures and severe mechanical stress and that exhibit high surface stability. They are commonly classified into three major categories: nickel-based, cobalt-based, and iron-based. Nickel-based superalloys......
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Nimoy, Leonard (American actor and director)
...not all of them as friendly as the Vulcans, most notably the Klingons, bellicose adversaries who frequently crossed paths with the Enterprise. Kirk’s principal confidante was Mr. Spock (Leonard Nimoy), a Vulcan whose actions were ruled by logic unsullied by emotion. The pointedly multicultural crew also included “Bones” McCoy (DeForest Kelley), the ship’s iras...
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Nimravus (extinct mammal)
...Pleistocene epochs (34 million to 11,800 years ago). The Nimravidae lived until about 7 million years ago. Only distantly related to felids, they include the genera Hoplophoneus, Nimravus, Dinictis, and Barbourofelis. The Machairodontinae, extant from about 12 million to less than 10,000 years ago, include the more familiar Smilodon as well ...
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Nimrod (biblical figure)
legendary biblical figure, described in Gen. 10:8–12 as “the first on earth to be a mighty man. He was a mighty hunter before the Lord.” The only other references to Nimrod in the Old Testament are Mic. 5:6, where Assyria is called the land of Nimrod, and I Chron. 1:10. The beginning of his kingdom is sa...
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Nimrūd (ancient city, Iraq)
ancient Assyrian city situated south of Mosul in northern Iraq. The city was first excavated by A.H. Layard during 1845–51 and afterward principally by M.E.L. (later Sir Max) Mallowan (1949–58)....
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Nimwegen (The Netherlands)
gemeente (municipality), eastern Netherlands, on the Waal River (southern arm of the Rhine). It originated as the Roman settlement of Noviomagus and is the oldest town in The Netherlands. Often an imperial residence in the Carolingian period, it became a free city and later joined the Hanse...
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Nimwegen, Treaties of (European history)
peace treaties of 1678–79 that ended the Dutch War, in which France had opposed Spain and the Dutch Republic (now The Netherlands). France gained advantages by arranging terms with each of...
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Nimzowitsch, Aron (Latvian chess player)
Latvian-born chess master and theoretician who was renowned for his book My System (1925) but failed to win a world championship, despite many attempts....
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Nimzowitsch-Indian defense (chess)
One of Nimzowitsch’s most influential wins, in which he displays the Nimzowitsch-Indian defense, is annotated and viewable as Game 13 of 25 historic games ....
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Nin, Anaïs (French author)
French-born author of novels and short stories whose literary reputation rests on the eight published volumes of her personal diaries. Her writing shows the influence of the Surrealist movement and her study of psychoanalysis under Otto Rank....
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Nina (ancient city, Iraq)
in Mesopotamian religion, Sumerian city goddess of Nina (modern Surghul, Iraq) in the southeastern part of the Lagash region of Mesopotamia. According to tradition, Nanshe’s father Enki (Akkadian: Ea) organized the universe and placed her in charge of fish and fishing. Nanshe was also described as a divine soothsayer and dream interpret...
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Niña (ship)
...also capable of remarkable speed. Two of the three ships in which Christopher Columbus made his historic voyage in 1492 were caravels, the Niña and the Pinta....
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Ninan Cuyuchi (Inca noble)
...appoint any one of his sons as his successor, as long as one of them had “divine” approval registered on the lungs of a sacrificed llama. There were several candidates for the throne: Ninan Cuyuchi who was in Tumipampas with his father; Atahuallpa (’Ataw Wallpa), who was also in the north; Huascar (Washkar), who was appa...
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Ninazu (Sumerian deity)
in Mesopotamian religion, Sumerian deity, the city god of Enegir, which was located on the Euphrates River between Larsa and Ur in the southern orchard region. Ninazu was also the city god of Eshnunna (modern Tall al-Asmar in eastern...
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nine (number)
In contrast to 8, the number 9 often represents pain or sadness. The 16th-century Catholic theologian Peter Bungus pointed out that the Ninth Psalm predicts the coming of the Antichrist. In Islamic cosmology the universe is made from nine spheres—the traditional eight of Ptolemy, plus a ninth added by the Arab astronomer Thābit ibn Qurra about ad 900 to explain the prec...
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Nine Chains to the Moon (work by Fuller)
Fuller’s book Nine Chains to the Moon (1938) is an outline of his general technological strategy for maximizing the social applications of energy resources. He further developed this and other themes in such works as No More Secondhand God (1962), Utopia or Oblivion (1969), Operating Manual for Spaceship Earth (1969), Earth, Inc. (1973), and Critical......
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“Nine Chapters” (Chinese mathematics)
The most important work in the history of mathematics in Chinese is Jiuzhang suanshu (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art), which contains arithmetic, algebraic, and geometric algorithms, presented in relation to problems, some of which evoke the duties of the civil administration: surveying fields (areas), levying taxes according to......
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“Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art, The” (Chinese mathematics)
The most important work in the history of mathematics in Chinese is Jiuzhang suanshu (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art), which contains arithmetic, algebraic, and geometric algorithms, presented in relation to problems, some of which evoke the duties of the civil administration: surveying fields (areas), levying taxes according to......
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Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Procedures, The (Chinese mathematics)
The most important work in the history of mathematics in Chinese is Jiuzhang suanshu (The Nine Chapters on the Mathematical Art), which contains arithmetic, algebraic, and geometric algorithms, presented in relation to problems, some of which evoke the duties of the civil administration: surveying fields (areas), levying taxes according to......
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Nine Clans (Asian history)
This new empire comprised many tribes and seems to have been headed by a smaller tribal confederation standing under Uighur leadership. This federation is referred to in Chinese sources as the Nine Clans (Chiu Hsing), whereas Islāmic sources and the Orhon inscriptions call it the Tokuz Oğuz. There are some indications that the......
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Nine Heroes (tapestry)
...the official painter to Charles V, king of France, only 67 of the original 105 scenes have survived. A slightly later series (c. 1385) possibly woven in the same Parisian workshop is the “Nine Heroes” (Metropolitan Museum of Art, The Cloisters, New York). This set is not a religious narrative but illustrates the chivalric text Histoire des Neuf Preux (“Story.....
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Nine Inch Nails (American rock act)
American alternative rock act known for dark and tortured industrial rock songs. The “band” Nine Inch Nails was essentially a stage name for singer and multi-instrumentalist Trent Reznor (b. Michael Trent Reznor, May 17, 1965...
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Nine Men’s Morris (game)
board game of great antiquity, most popular in Europe during the 14th century and played throughout the world in various forms....
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“Nine, Novena” (work by Lins)
...and Os gestos (1957; “Gestures”)—written in a fairly traditional style, Lins broke with linear narration to create the three works that secured his reputation: Nove, Novena (1966; Nine, Novena), consisting of nine narratives; Avalovara (1973; Eng. trans. Avalovara), a novel; and A rainha dos cárceres da......
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Nine Officers’ Plot (Turkish history)
...upon the DP became stronger, and it was accused of unconstitutional action. At the same time, the Democrats, fearing a revolution, redoubled control. In December 1959 an alleged plot (the so-called Nine Officers’ Plot) was unearthed; some of the accused were so clearly innocent that punishment ultimately fell upon the accuser, but it appears that there indeed had been a conspiracy of som...
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Nine Oguz (Asian history)
This new empire comprised many tribes and seems to have been headed by a smaller tribal confederation standing under Uighur leadership. This federation is referred to in Chinese sources as the Nine Clans (Chiu Hsing), whereas Islāmic sources and the Orhon inscriptions call it the Tokuz Oğuz. There are some indications that the......
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Nine Ways (ancient Greece)
...Thasos was reduced and forced to give up all of its mines and mainland possessions. A further attempt at this time to extend Athenian northern interest, the colonizing expedition sent to the Nine Ways, the site of the later Amphipolis, was less successful. If silver was one coveted commodity, ship-building timber was another, and the desire for the latter was a large part of Athens’......
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nine-banded armadillo (mammal)
...and tail. In all but one species the carapace is nearly hairless. The carapace is made of bony transverse bands covered with tough scales that are derived from skin tissue. The three-, six-, and nine-banded armadillos are named for the number of movable bands in their armour. Only one species, the nine-banded armadillo, Dasypus......
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Nine-Power Pact
...Pact negotiated at the conference (November 1921–February 1922) enjoined the United States, Japan, Britain, and France to respect each other’s Pacific island dependencies for 10 years. A Nine-Power Pact obliged all parties to respect “the sovereignty, the independence, and the territorial and administrative integrity of the state of China” and the commercial Open Doo...
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Nine-Power Treaty
...Pact negotiated at the conference (November 1921–February 1922) enjoined the United States, Japan, Britain, and France to respect each other’s Pacific island dependencies for 10 years. A Nine-Power Pact obliged all parties to respect “the sovereignty, the independence, and the territorial and administrative integrity of the state of China” and the commercial Open Doo...
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nine-spined stickleback (fish)
...is widespread in the Northern Hemisphere in fresh and salt water. It is 5 to 10 cm (2 to 4 inches) long and has three dorsal spines. The nine-spined stickleback (Pungitius pungitius), a species that is similar in size to G. aculeatus but has more dorsal spines, is......
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nine-spotted ladybird beetle (insect)
...inch) long. They have short legs and are usually brightly coloured with black, yellow, or reddish markings. The colour of the wing covers and number of spots vary among species. The pattern of the nine-spotted ladybird beetle (Coccinella novemnotata), which has four black spots......
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nineholes (game)
...or a hand’s span from them. In various pot games (a pot is a small hole in the ground), including moshie, the player tries to pitch his own marbles or knock his opponents’ marbles into a hole. In bridgeboard, or nineholes, a board with several numbered arches is set up, and players try to shoot their marbles through the arches. A Chinese marble game consists of kicking a marble ag...
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ninen nashi (Japanese history)
...the Order to Drive Away Foreign Ships (Ikokusen uchiharairei), which also enjoined coastal authorities to arrest or kill any foreigners who came ashore. This was also known as the ninen nashi or “no second thought” law. It was never fully carried out because of opposition by a number of officials, including Matsudaira Sadanobu. In 1842, upon hearing the news of......
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ninepins (game)
bowling game that probably originated in continental Europe during the Middle Ages. Many regional variations of the game developed. Early German ninepins lanes were made of clay or cinders; later a single long plank about one foot wide was added, on which the ball was rolled. The pins were set up in a square formation with one corner toward the bowler. These features are retained in the modern ga...
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nineteen (number)
Eclipses of the Sun tend to recur in periods of 19 years. The Babylonians considered the 19th day of the month to be unlucky because it was 49 days from the beginning of the previous month (add 30), and, since 49 = 7 × 7, it was a day of great portent for good or evil. In Islamic numerology 19 is the value of the word Wahid (Arabic:......
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Nineteen Counties (historical area, Australia)
...economic life. Entrepreneurs strove hard but did not yet develop a staple industry. Farmers and graziers began to fill out an arc 150–200 miles around Sydney; this area was designated as the Nineteen Counties in 1829, and settlement beyond that limit was discouraged....
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Nineteen Day Feast (Bahāʾī faith)
...obligation to pray daily; to abstain totally from narcotics, alcohol, or any substances that affect the mind; to practice monogamy; to obtain the consent of parents to marriage; and to attend the Nineteen Day Feast on the first day of each month of the Bahāʾī calendar. If capable, those between the ages of 15 and 70 are required to fast 19 days a year, going without food or...
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Nineteen Eighty-four (work by Orwell)
How seriously such arguments are to be taken depends, in part, on whose interest the rulers exercising this control truly serve. George Orwell, in his novel Nineteen Eighty-four (1949), portrayed a ruling class that was evidently drawn in large part from his study of the practices of the ruling party in the Soviet Union. The rulers in Nineteen Eighty-four, when they......
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Nineteen Letters of Ben Uziel (work by Hirsch)
...am Main. While still chief rabbi at Oldenburg, he published Neunzehn Briefe über Judenthum (1836; Nineteen Letters of Ben Uziel), in which he expounded Neo-Orthodoxy. This system required two chief courses of action: (1) an educational program that combined strict training in the Torah......
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Nineteen Propositions (British history)
...in York, where he ordered the courts of justice to assemble and where royalist members of both houses gradually joined him. In June the majority of the members remaining in London sent the King the Nineteen Propositions, which included demands that no ministers should be appointed without parliamentary approval, that the army should be put under parliamentary control, and that Parliament should...
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Nineteen, The (work by Fadeyev)
...He joined the Communist Party in 1918 and fought in Siberia against both the White armies and the Japanese. Drawing on this experience he wrote his first important novel, Razgrom (1927; The Nineteen), which deals with a ragged band of 19 Red guerrilla fighters trapped between the Whites and the Japanese. Each of the 19 characters is treated in the round. Especially notable is......
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Nineteen Twenties (American history)
...He joined the Communist Party in 1918 and fought in Siberia against both the White armies and the Japanese. Drawing on this experience he wrote his first important novel, Razgrom (1927; The Nineteen), which deals with a ragged band of 19 Red guerrilla fighters trapped between the Whites and the Japanese. Each of the 19 characters is treated in the round. Especially notable is........
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Nineteenth Amendment (United States Constitution)
...in the United States and president (1892–1900) of the National American Woman Suffrage Association. Her work helped pave the way for the Nineteenth Amendment (1920) to the Constitution, giving women the right to vote....
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Ninety Mile Beach (beach, New Zealand)
western coast of Aupori Peninsula, the northernmost extension of North Auckland Peninsula, North Island, New Zealand. It stretches for 55 mi (88 km) from Scott Point (northwest)...
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Ninety-five Theses (work by Luther)
propositions for debate concerned with the question of indulgences, written (in Latin) and possibly posted by Martin Luther on the door of the Schlosskirche (Castle Church), Wittenberg, on Oct. 31, 1517. This event came to be considered the beginning of the Protestant Reformation. (See Researcher’s Note.)...
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Ninetyeast Ridge (aseismic ridge, Indian Ocean)
...Southeast Indian Ridge trends to the east until it joins the Pacific-Antarctic Ridge south of Tasmania. Most striking is the aseismic (virtually earthquake-free) Ninetyeast Ridge, which is the longest and straightest in the world ocean. First discovered in 1962, it runs northward along the 90° E......
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Nineveh (ancient city, Iraq)
Oldest and most populous city of ancient Assyria, on the eastern bank of the Tigris River opposite modern Mosul, Iraq....
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Nineveh and Its Remains (work by Layard)
...Paul-Émile Botta at Nineveh and Khorsabad, and the Englishman Austen Henry Layard at Nimrud, Kuyunjik, Nabī Yūnus, and other sites. Layard’s popular account of his excavations, Nineveh and Its Remains (1849), became the earliest and one of the most successful archaeological best-sellers. In 1846 Henry Creswicke Rawlinson became the ......
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