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“österreichische Revolution, Die” (work by Bauer)
...1919, he signed the secret Anschluss agreement with Germany, which was later rejected by the Allies. Bauer deals with this period in his Die österreichische Revolution (1923; The Austrian Revolution). He resigned in July 1919, but he remained his party’s guiding personality for the next two decades. A member of the Austrian National Council from 1929 to 1934, ...
österreichische Staats- und Reichsproblem, Das (work by Redlich)
Redlich’s best-known work on Austria was his uncompleted Das österreichische Staats- und Reichsproblem (1920–26; “Austrian State and Imperial Problems”), a valuable history of Austrian domestic policy after 1848. His political diaries, entitled Schicksalsjahre Österreichs, 1908–1919 (“Austria...
Österreichische Volkspartei (political party, Austria)
In 2010 Austria’s grand coalition between the centre-left Social Democratic Party of Austria (SPÖ) and the centre-right Austrian People’s Party (ÖVP) was characterized by cooperation as the coalition partners worked together to lead the country out of the worst recession it had experienced since World War II. Pres. Heinz Fischer (SPÖ) was reelected to his post in...
Österreichischer Werkbund (Austrian artists organization)
The Werkbund exerted an immediate influence, and similar organizations soon grew up in Austria (Österreichischer Werkbund, 1912) and in Switzerland (Schweizerischer Werkbund, 1913). Sweden’s Slöjdföreningen was converted to the approach by 1915, and England’s Design and Industries Association (1915) also was modeled on the Deutscher Werkbund....
“Östersjöar” (work by Tranströmer)
...included translations into Swedish of some of Bly’s work. The Baltic coast, which captured Tranströmer’s imagination as a boy, is the setting for Östersjöar (1974; Baltics). His later works include Sanningsbarriären (1978; The Truth Barrier), Det vilda torget (1983; The Wild Marketpl...
Östersjön (sea, Europe)
arm of the North Atlantic Ocean, extending northward from the latitude of southern Denmark almost to the Arctic Circle and separating the Scandinavian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe. The largest expanse of brackish water in the world, the semienclosed and relatively shallow Baltic Sea is of great interest to...
Østersøen (sea, Europe)
arm of the North Atlantic Ocean, extending northward from the latitude of southern Denmark almost to the Arctic Circle and separating the Scandinavian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe. The largest expanse of brackish water in the world, the semienclosed and relatively shallow Baltic Sea is of great interest to...
Östersund (Sweden)
town and capital of the län (county) of Jämtland, northwestern Sweden, on the west shore of Lake Stor. It was founded in 1786 by King Gustav III. It was subordinate, however, to Levanger in Norway as a trading centre for Jämtland, until the coming of the railway in 1862....
Ostfriesische Inseln (islands, Germany)
The East Frisian Islands (German: Ostfriesische Inseln) belong to Germany and extend from the Ems River estuary eastward to Jade Channel, the outer part of Jade Bay, with two small islands, Scharhörn and Neuwerk, lying near the estuary of the Elbe River. Smaller than most of the West Frisian group, the main islands from west to east are Borkum, Juist, Norderney, Baltrum, Langeoog,......
Ostfriesland (cultural region, Germany)
cultural region bordering the North Sea and encompassing the coastal marshlands and East Frisian Islands (Ostfriesische Inseln) of northwestern Lower Saxony Land (state), north-central Germany. The region includes the Lower Saxony Wadden Sea National Park. East Friesland has close cultural ties with West Friesland in the Netherlands and North Friesland on the west coast o...
ostia (anatomy)
...arteries originate from the right and left aortic sinuses (the sinuses of Valsalva), which are bulges at the origin of the ascending aorta immediately beyond, or distal to, the aortic valve. The ostium, or opening, of the right coronary artery is in the right aortic sinus and that of the left coronary artery is in the left aortic sinus, just above the aortic valve ring. There is also a......
Ostia (Italy)
seaport of ancient Rome, originally on the Mediterranean coast at the mouth of the Tiber River but now, because of the natural growth of the river delta, about 4 miles (6 km) upstream, southwest of the modern city of Rome, Italy. The...
Ostia Antica (Italy)
seaport of ancient Rome, originally on the Mediterranean coast at the mouth of the Tiber River but now, because of the natural growth of the river delta, about 4 miles (6 km) upstream, southwest of the modern city of Rome, Italy. The...
ostinato (music)
in music, short melodic phrase repeated throughout a composition, sometimes slightly varied or transposed to a different pitch. A rhythmic ostinato is a short, constantly repeated rhythmic pattern. Ostinatos appear in Western composition from the 13th century onward, as in the motet Emendemus in melius (Let Us Change for the Better) by Cristóbal de Morales (c. 1500...
ostium (anatomy)
...arteries originate from the right and left aortic sinuses (the sinuses of Valsalva), which are bulges at the origin of the ascending aorta immediately beyond, or distal to, the aortic valve. The ostium, or opening, of the right coronary artery is in the right aortic sinus and that of the left coronary artery is in the left aortic sinus, just above the aortic valve ring. There is also a......
Ostland (historical province, Europe)
...Such political hopes, as well as expectations of the return of expropriated property, soon evaporated. Germany turned the Baltic states and Belorussia (now Belarus) into a new territorial unit, Ostland, for which outright Germanization and eventual incorporation into the Reich was envisaged. Baltic cooperation became less forthright or ceased altogether....
Østlandet (region, Norway)
geographic region of Norway. Encompassing the southeastern portion of the country, it ranges from the highest mountains in Norway, the Jotunheim Mountains, to coastal lowlands adjacent to the Skagerrak and Oslo Fjord. The region is quite mountainous, especially in the western and norther...
Ostler, Andreas (German athlete)
...(Norway), who dominated the speed skating competition, capturing three gold medals. He won the 5,000-metre and 10,000-metre races by the largest margins in the history of the events. Bobsledders Andreas Ostler and Lorenz Nieberl of Germany each claimed two titles. However, their victory in the four-man was marred by controversy. The total weight of the German team in the event was over 1,000......
Ostoih (Montenegrin literature)
...by Pop (Father) Dukljanin of Bar. Thirty-eight years after Johannes Gutenberg’s invention (in 1494), the first state-owned printing press was established in Cetinje. In that year the Ostoih (“Book of Psalms”) was printed; it is believed to be the first book printed in Cyrillic from the South Slavic region. Without question the greatest poet of the region is......
Ostojić, Stjepan Tomaš (ruler of Bosnia)
...of friaries in Bosnia and spent more than a century trying to convert members of the Bosnian church to mainstream Catholicism. In 1459 this campaign received the full support of the Bosnian king, Stjepan Tomaš Ostojić, who summoned the clergy of the Bosnian church and ordered them to convert to Roman Catholicism or leave the kingdom. When most of the clergy converted, the back......
ostomy (surgery)
(from Latin ostium, “mouth”), any procedure in which an artificial stoma, or opening, is surgically created; the term is also used for the opening itself. Usually ostomies are created through the abdominal wall to allow the discharge of bodily wastes when disease or injury has incapacitated a normal excretory channel. A rarer t...
Ostorius Scapula (Roman governor of Britain)
By the year 47, when Plautius was succeeded as commanding officer by Ostorius Scapula, a frontier had been established from Exeter to the Humber, based on the road known as the Fosse Way; from this fact it appears that Claudius did not plan the annexation of the whole island but only of the arable southeast. The intransigence of the tribes of Wales, spurred on by Caratacus, however, caused......
Ostpolitik (West German foreign policy)
(German: “Eastern Policy”) West German foreign policy begun in the late 1960s. Initiated by Willy Brandt as foreign minister and then chancellor, the policy was one of détente with Soviet-bloc countries, recognizing the East German...
Ostpreussen (former province, Germany)
former German province bounded, between World Wars I and II, north by the Baltic Sea, east by Lithuania, and south and west by Poland and the free city of Danzig (now Gdańsk, Poland). After World War II its territory was divided between the ...
ostraca (inscribed pottery fragments)
...Iran) and became the official language of the Arsacid period of Persian dynastic history (2nd century bc–3rd century ad). Among the earliest records of the language are more than 2,000 ostraca (inscribed pottery fragments), largely records of wine deliveries dating from the 1st century bc, which were discovered in excavations (1949–58) at ...
Ostraciidae (fish)
any of a small group of shallow-water marine fishes of the family Ostraciontidae (or Ostraciidae), distinguished by a hard, boxlike, protective carapace covering most of the body. The alternative name cowfish refers to the hornlike projections on the heads of some species. The members of the family, found along the bottom in warm and tropical seas throughout the world, are consi...
Ostracioidea (fish superfamily)
...dorsal spines; 6 or fewer outer teeth in each jaw. About 32 genera, about 102 species; worldwide.Superfamily OstracioideaNo dorsal spines, body encased in a turtlelike cuirass (carapace) of sutured platelike scales.Family Ostraciidae......
Ostraciontidae (fish)
any of a small group of shallow-water marine fishes of the family Ostraciontidae (or Ostraciidae), distinguished by a hard, boxlike, protective carapace covering most of the body. The alternative name cowfish refers to the hornlike projections on the heads of some species. The members of the family, found along the bottom in warm and tropical seas throughout the world, are consi...
ostracism (ancient Greek politics)
political practice in ancient Athens whereby a prominent citizen who threatened the stability of the state could be banished without bringing any charge against him. (A similar device existed at various times in Argos, Miletus, Syracuse, and Megara.) At a fixed meeting in midwinter, the people decided, without debate, whether they would hold a vote on ostracism (ostrakophoria...
Ostracoberyx (fish genus)
...Ostracoberycidae Prominent spine extending posteriorly from lower limb of preopercle. Marine, Indian and Pacific oceans. 1 genus (Ostracoberyx), 3 species.Family Callanthidae Lateral line runs along dorsal fin base and ends near the tip of dorsal fin or caudal......
ostracod (crustacean)
any of a widely distributed group of crustaceans belonging to the subclass Ostracoda (class Crustacea) that resemble mussels in that the body is enclosed within a bivalved (two-valved) shell. Mussel shrimp differ from most other crustaceans in having a very short trunk that has lost its external segmentation, or divisions. The 6,650 living species include marine, freshwater, and terrestrial forms....
Ostracoda (crustacean)
any of a widely distributed group of crustaceans belonging to the subclass Ostracoda (class Crustacea) that resemble mussels in that the body is enclosed within a bivalved (two-valved) shell. Mussel shrimp differ from most other crustaceans in having a very short trunk that has lost its external segmentation, or divisions. The 6,650 living species include marine, freshwater, and terrestrial forms....
ostracoderm (paleontology)
an archaic and informal term for a member of the group of armoured, jawless, fishlike vertebrates that emerged during the early part of the Paleozoic Era (542–251 million years ago). Ostracoderms include both extinct groups, such as the heterostracans and osteostracans, and living forms, such as ...
ostracon (archaeological art)
potshard or limestone flake used in antiquity, especially by the ancient Egyptians, Greeks, and Hebrews, as a surface for drawings or sketches, or as an alternative to papyrus for writing as well as for calculating accounts. Of considerable artistic merit, the drawings on ostraca, which are usually coloured, depict scenes from nature and everyday life or scenes in which animals seem to parody hum...
ostrakinda (Greek game)
Dodgeball is similar to an ancient Greek game played with seashells, called ostrakinda. Court dodge was a similar game played in 16th-century England....
Ostrava (Czech Republic)
city, northeastern Czech Republic. It lies between the Ostravice and Oder rivers above their confluence at the southern edge of the Upper Silesian coalfield. It was founded about 1267 as a fortified town by Bruno, bishop of Olomouc, to protect the entry to Moravia from the north. Its castle was demolished in 1495. Historic buildings include the 13th-century S...
“Ostře sledované vlaky” (film by Menzel [1966])
...Miloš Forman’s Lásky jedné plavolvlásky (1965; Loves of a Blonde) and Jiří Menzel’s Closely Watched Trains (1967), which won an Academy Award. Jan Svěrák’s Kolya (1997) also received international attention. There......
“Ostře sledované vlaky” (work by Hrabal)
...an elderly man tells his life story in one 90-page, unfinished sentence. His best-known work is his most conventional in form: the novel Ostře sledované vlaky (1964; Closely Watched Trains), in which a youth’s comic problems end with heroic martyrdom. Hrabal subsequently adapted the work as a screenplay, which won the 1967 Academy Award for best foreign......
Ostrea (mollusk)
True oysters (family Ostreidae) include species of Ostrea, Crassostrea, and Pycnodonte. Common Ostrea species include the European flat, or edible, oyster, O. edulis; the Olympia oyster, O. lurida; and O. frons. Crassostrea species include the Portuguese oyster, C. angulata; the North American, or Virginia, oyster, C. virginica; and......
Ostrea edulis (mollusk)
...This is most clearly seen in the wood-boring family Teredinidae, where young males become females as they age. Rhythmical consecutive hermaphroditism is best known in the European oyster, Ostrea edulis, in which each individual undergoes periodic changes of sex. Alternative hermaphroditism is characteristic of oysters of the genus Crassostrea, in which most young......
Ostreidae (mollusk family)
...close attachment of one valve to a hard surface, and although some groups still retain byssal attachment (family Anomiidae), others have forsaken this for cementation, as in the true oysters (family Ostreidae), where the left valve is cemented to estuarine hard surfaces. Some scallops (family Pectinidae) are also cemented, but others lie on soft sediments in coastal waters and at abyssal depths...
Ostreoida (bivalve order)
Annotated classification...
ostrich (bird)
flightless bird found only in open country of Africa. The largest living bird, an adult male may be 2.75 metres (about 9 feet) tall—almost half of its height is neck—and weigh more than 150 kg (330 pounds); the female is somewhat smaller. The ostrich’s egg, averaging about 150 mm (6 inches) in length by 125 mm (5 inches) in diameter and about 1.35 kg (3 poun...
Ostrihom (Hungary)
town, Komárom-Esztergom megye (county), northwestern Hungary. It is a river port on the Danube River (which at that point forms the frontier with Slovakia) and lies 25 miles (40 km) northwest of Budapest. The various forms of its name all refer to its importance as a grain market. It is at the western end of the valley cut by t...
Ostrobothnia (plain, Finland)
lowland plain in western Finland, along the Gulf of Bothnia. Pohjanmaa is about 60 miles (100 km) wide and 160 miles (257 km) long. It consists of flat plains of sand and clay soil that are broken by rivers and bog areas. It is drained mainly by the Lapuan, Kyrön, and Iso rivers, which flow to the Gulf of Bothnia. The lowlands are divided between agricu...
Ostrobothnian Plain (plain, Finland)
lowland plain in western Finland, along the Gulf of Bothnia. Pohjanmaa is about 60 miles (100 km) wide and 160 miles (257 km) long. It consists of flat plains of sand and clay soil that are broken by rivers and bog areas. It is drained mainly by the Lapuan, Kyrön, and Iso rivers, which flow to the Gulf of Bothnia. The lowlands are divided between agricu...
Ostrog, Michael (Jack the Ripper suspect)
...most commonly cited suspects are Montague Druitt, a barrister and teacher with an interest in surgery who was said to be insane and who disappeared after the final murders and was later found dead; Michael Ostrog, a Russian criminal and physician who had been placed in an asylum because of his homicidal tendencies; and Aaron Kosminski, a Polish Jew and a resident of Whitechapel who was known to...
Ostrogorsky, Moisey Yakovlevich (Belarusian political scientist)
Belorussian political scientist known for his pioneering study of comparative party organization....
Ostrogoth (people)
member of a division of the Goths (see Goth); the Ostrogoths developed an empire north of the Black Sea in the 3rd century ad and, in the late 5th century, under Theodoric the Great, established the Gothic kingdom of Italy....
Ostrogothic (language)
...Germanic language family because its records, except for a few scattered runic inscriptions, antedate those of the other Germanic languages by about four centuries. Gothic occurred in two dialects: Ostrogothic (in eastern Europe and later in Italy) and Visigothic (in east central Europe and later in Gaul and Spain), grouped according to tribes. Most of the modern knowledge of Gothic is derived....
Ostrogradski formula (mathematics)
Now the linear momentum principle may be applied to an arbitrary finite body. Using the expression for Tj above and the divergence theorem of multivariable calculus, which states that integrals over the area of a closed surface S, with integrand ni f (x), may be rewritten as integrals over the volume V......
Ostrołęka (Poland)
city, Mazowieckie województwo (province), northeastern Poland. It lies on the eastern bank of the Narew River, 20 miles (32 km) southwest of Łomża city....
Ostrom, Elinor (American political scientist)
American political scientist who, with Oliver E. Williamson, was awarded the 2009 Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences “for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons” (either natural or constructed resource systems that peop...
Ostrom, John (American paleontologist)
American paleontologist who popularized the theory that many species of dinosaurs were warm-blooded and ancestrally linked to birds....
Ostrom, John Harold (American paleontologist)
American paleontologist who popularized the theory that many species of dinosaurs were warm-blooded and ancestrally linked to birds....
Ostromir Gospel, The (Russian literature)
...foreign works circulating in Russia by and large reflected the interests of the church: almost all were from the Greek, and most were of ecclesiastical interest. Ostromirovo evangeliye (The Ostromir Gospel) of 1056–57 is the oldest dated Russian manuscript. Versions of the four Gospels, the Book of Revelation, guidebooks of monastic rules, homilies, hagiographic......
“Ostromirovo evangelie” (Russian literature)
...foreign works circulating in Russia by and large reflected the interests of the church: almost all were from the Greek, and most were of ecclesiastical interest. Ostromirovo evangeliye (The Ostromir Gospel) of 1056–57 is the oldest dated Russian manuscript. Versions of the four Gospels, the Book of Revelation, guidebooks of monastic rules, homilies, hagiographic......
“Ostromirovo evangeliye” (Russian literature)
...foreign works circulating in Russia by and large reflected the interests of the church: almost all were from the Greek, and most were of ecclesiastical interest. Ostromirovo evangeliye (The Ostromir Gospel) of 1056–57 is the oldest dated Russian manuscript. Versions of the four Gospels, the Book of Revelation, guidebooks of monastic rules, homilies, hagiographic......
Ostropales (order of fungi)
Annotated classification...
Ostrov Kolguyev (island, Russia)
island, Arkhangelsk oblast (region), northwestern Russia. Kolguyev lies in the Barents Sea and is 45 miles (72 km) off the mainland. About 3,220 square miles (5,200 square km) in area, it is an island of bogs and morainic hills, covered by vegetation characteristic of the tundra; t...
Ostrov Sakhalin (island, Russia)
island at the far eastern end of Russia. It is located between the Tatar Strait and the Sea of Okhotsk, north of the Japanese island of Hokkaido. With the Kuril ...
Ostrovsky, Aleksandr Nikolayevich (Russian dramatist)
Russian dramatist who is generally considered the greatest representative of the Russian realistic period....
Ostrovsky, Nikolay (Soviet author)
...method that in 1934 was declared to be the only acceptable one for Soviet writers. Only a few of these works produced in this style—notably Fyodor Gladkov’s Cement (1925), Nikolay Ostrovsky’s How the Steel Was Tempered (1932–34), and Valentin Katayev’s Time, Forward! (1932)—have retained some literary interest. The...
Ostrów Wielkopolski (Poland)
city, Wielkopolskie województwo (province), west-central Poland. A rail junction and industrial town, it produces machine tools and railroad cars, lumber, ceramics, and textiles. The city, which lies in the south of the Great ...
Ostrowiec Świętokrzyski (Poland)
city, Świętokrzyskie województwo (province), southeastern Poland. The city lies along the Kamienna River, a tributary of the Vistula, and is situated in the Polish Uplands just north of the Świętokrzyskie (“Holy Cross”) Mountains. It is noted for its iron industry and has road connections with Lublin and Kielce...
Ostrowskia magnifica (plant)
There is but one species of Ostrowskia (O. magnifica), the giant bellflower, which is a fleshy-rooted perennial with whorled leaves and clusters of three or four long-stalked, pale-lilac bells, 10 to 12 cm wide, topping plants, 1 12 to 2 12 metres tall. It is native in Central Asia. Symphyandra, ring......
Ostrozky, Konstantyn (Ukrainian prince)
Attempts to revive the fortunes of the Ruthenian church gathered strength in the last decades of the 16th century. About 1580 Prince Konstantyn Ostrozky founded at Ostroh in Volhynia a cultural centre that included an academy and a printing press and attracted leading scholars of the day; among its major achievements was the publication of the first complete text of the Bible in Slavonic. Lay......
Ostrya (plant genus)
any of about seven species of ornamental trees constituting the genus Ostrya of the birch family (Betulaceae), native to Eurasia and North America. A hop-hornbeam has shaggy, scaling bark and thin, translucent, green leaves with hairy leafstalks...
Ostrya virginiana (plant)
...bearing a small, flat nut. The European hop-hornbeam (Ostrya carpinifolia) and the Japanese hop-hornbeam (O. japonica) may reach 21 m (70 feet); the other species are much smaller. The eastern, or American, hop-hornbeam (O. virginiana) is known as ironwood for its hard, heavy wood, used locally for fence posts and small articles such as tool handles....
Ostsee (sea, Europe)
arm of the North Atlantic Ocean, extending northward from the latitude of southern Denmark almost to the Arctic Circle and separating the Scandinavian Peninsula from the rest of continental Europe. The largest expanse of brackish water in the world, the semienclosed and relatively shallow Baltic Sea is of great interest to...
Ostwald, Carl Wilhelm Wolfgang (German chemist)
German chemist who devoted his life as a teacher, researcher, and editor to the advancement of colloid chemistry....
Ostwald colour system
...purple, light yellowish brown, and grayish blue; the red apple is 258 (moderate purplish red) in this system, and the emerald-green pigment is 139 (vivid green). Other colour atlases include the Ostwald colour system, based on mixtures of white, black, and a high chroma colour; the Maerz and Paul dictionary of colour; the Plochere colour system; and the Ridgway colour standards....
Ostwald, Friedrich Wilhelm (German chemist)
Russian-German chemist and philosopher who was instrumental in establishing physical chemistry as an acknowledged branch of chemistry. He was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibria, and chemical reaction...
Ostwald process
The principal method of manufacture of nitric acid is the catalytic oxidation of ammonia. In the method developed by the German chemist Wilhelm Ostwald in 1901, ammonia gas is successively oxidized to nitric oxide and nitrogen dioxide by air or oxygen in the presence of a platinum gauze catalyst. The nitrogen dioxide is absorbed in water to form nitric acid. The resulting acid-in-water solution......
Ostwald, Wilhelm (German chemist)
Russian-German chemist and philosopher who was instrumental in establishing physical chemistry as an acknowledged branch of chemistry. He was awarded the 1909 Nobel Prize for Chemistry for his work on catalysis, chemical equilibria, and chemical reaction...
Ostwald, Wolfgang (German chemist)
German chemist who devoted his life as a teacher, researcher, and editor to the advancement of colloid chemistry....
Ostyak (people)
western Siberian peoples, living mainly in the Ob River basin of central Russia. They each speak an Ob-Ugric language of the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic languages. Together they numbered some 30,000 in the late 20th century. They are descended from people from the south Ural steppe who moved into this...
Ostyak language
division of the Finno-Ugric branch of the Uralic language family, comprising the Mansi (Vogul) and Khanty (Ostyak) languages; they are most closely related to Hungarian, with which they make up the Ugric branch of Finno-Ugric. The Ob-Ugric languages are spoken in the region of the Ob and Irtysh rivers in central Russia. They had no written tradition or literary language until 1930; since 1937......
Ostyak Samoyed (people)
an indigenous Arctic people who traditionally resided in central Russia between the Ob and the Yenisey rivers. They numbered more than 4,000 in the Russian census of 2002....
Ostyak Samoyed language
...Speakers of Enets are located in the region of the upper Yenisey. The lower half of the Taymyr Peninsula is the habitat of the Nganasan, the easternmost of the Uralic groups. The fourth language, Selkup, lies to the south in a region between the central Ob and central Yenisey; its major representation is located between Turukhansk and the Taz River. A fifth Samoyedic language, Kamas (Sayan),......
Ostyako-Vogulsk (Russia)
city and administrative centre of Khanty-Mansi autonomous okrug (district), Russia, in the West Siberian Plain. Situated on the Irtysh River near its confluence with the Ob River, the city was formed in 1950 from the urban set...
“Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války” (work by Hašek)
satiric war novel by Jaroslav Hašek, published in Czech as Osudy dobrého vojáka Švejka za světové války in four volumes in 1921–23. Hašek planned to continue The Good Soldier Schweik to six volumes but died just before completing the fourth....
Osugi Sakae (Japanese political figure)
Although much diminished, anarchist activity in Japan did not completely cease during this period. Osugi Sakae, the foremost figure in Japanese anarchism in the decade after Kotoku’s death, published anarchist newspapers and led organizing campaigns among industrial workers. His efforts were hampered by continuous police repression, however, and he had very little impact in Japan. Neverthel...
O’Sullivan, Mary Kenney (American labour leader)
American labour leader and reformer who devoted her energies to improving conditions for factory workers in many industries through union organizing....
O’Sullivan, Maureen (American actress)
Irish-born American actress (b. May 17, 1911, Boyle, County Roscommon, Ire.--d. June 22, 1998, Scottsdale, Ariz.), had a distinguished performing career that extended from the 1930s until the mid-1990s, but was perhaps best remembered for her film portrayal of the scantily clad Jane opposite Johnny Weissmuller in his title r...
O’Sullivan, Timothy (American photographer)
American photographer best known for his Civil War subjects and his landscapes of the American West....
Ōsumi (Japanese satellite)
first Earth satellite orbited by Japan. It was launched on Feb. 11, 1970, from Kagoshima Space Center on Kyushu and was named for the peninsula on which the centre is located. Ōsumi consisted of the fourth stage of the U.S.-built Lambda-4S launch rocket that was used to place it into an elliptic orbit 250 miles (400 k...
Ōsumi Archipelago (archipelago, Japan)
archipelago, Kagoshima ken (prefecture), Japan, lying south of the Ōsumi Peninsula of Kyushu. It consists of Tanega Island and Yaku Island and several smaller isles, with a combined area of about 475 square miles (1,230 square km). The chief town is Nishinoomote on the northwest coast of Tanega. In 1543 the Portuguese landed on Tanega and introduced the first sugarcane and guns into ...
Ōsumi Islands (archipelago, Japan)
archipelago, Kagoshima ken (prefecture), Japan, lying south of the Ōsumi Peninsula of Kyushu. It consists of Tanega Island and Yaku Island and several smaller isles, with a combined area of about 475 square miles (1,230 square km). The chief town is Nishinoomote on the northwest coast of Tanega. In 1543 the Portuguese landed on Tanega and introduced the first sugarcane and guns into ...
Ōsumi-gunto (archipelago, Japan)
archipelago, Kagoshima ken (prefecture), Japan, lying south of the Ōsumi Peninsula of Kyushu. It consists of Tanega Island and Yaku Island and several smaller isles, with a combined area of about 475 square miles (1,230 square km). The chief town is Nishinoomote on the northwest coast of Tanega. In 1543 the Portuguese landed on Tanega and introduced the first sugarcane and guns into ...
Osun (state, Nigeria)
state, western Nigeria. Osun state was created in 1991 from the eastern third of Oyo state. It is bounded by the states of Kwara on the northeast, Ekiti and Ondo on the east, Ogun on the south, and Oyo on the west and northwest. The Yoruba Hills run through the northern part of Osun state. The state has a covering of tropical ...
Osun (Yoruba deity)
...Centre at Oshogbo, the residential palaces of Yoruba rulers in Ilesha and Ile-Ife, and the Osun-Osogbo Sacred Grove, a forest that contains several shrines and artwork in honour of the Yoruba deity Osun (designated a UNESCO World Heritage site in 2005). The Obafemi Awolowo University (founded in 1961) is at Ile-Ife. Oshogbo is linked by road and railway to Ibadan in Oyo state. Pop. (2006)......
Osuna (Spain)
town, Sevilla provincia (province), in the comunidad autónoma (autonomous community) of Andalusia, southern Spain. Osuna lies at the foot of a hill at the edge of an extensive plain, east-southeast of Sevilla city. Of Iberian origin, the town became the Ro...
Osvald, Richard (Slovak translator)
...only in the 18th century. A Roman Catholic Bible made from the Latin Vulgate by Jiři Palkovic̆ was printed in the Gothic script (2 vol. Gran, 1829, 1832) and another, associated with Richard Osvald, appeared at Trnava in 1928. A Protestant New Testament version of Josef Rohac̆ek was published at Budapest in 1913 and his completed Bible at Prague in 1936. A new Slovakian......
Osveyskoye, Lake (lake, Belarus)
...thereby connecting the Baltic and Black seas. The rivers are generally frozen from December to late March, after which occur about two months of maximum flow. Among the largest lakes are Narach, Osveyskoye, and Drysvyaty....
Osvobozhdeniye (Russian journal)
As a contributor to a clandestinely circulated journal, Osvobozhdeniye (“Liberation”), founded in 1902, Milyukov did much to swing the moderate members of the zemstvos (local government bodies) to the left. During the revolutionary year 1905, he was active in forming the Union of Unions, a broad alliance of professional associations, and subsequently......
Osvobozhdenye Truda (Russian Marxist organization)
first Russian Marxist organization, founded in September 1883 in Geneva, by Georgy Valentinovich Plekhanov and Pavel Axelrod. Convinced that social revolution could be accomplished only by class-conscious industrial workers, the group’s founders broke with the Narodnaya Volya and devoted themselves ...
Oswald, Carlos (Brazilian artist)
...engineer Heitor da Silva Costa was chosen on the basis of his sketches of a figure of Christ holding a cross in his right hand and the world in his left. In collaboration with Brazilian artist Carlos Oswald, Silva Costa later amended the plan; Oswald has been credited with the idea for the figure’s standing pose with arms spread wide. The French sculptor Paul Landowski, who collaborated....
Oswald, Lee Harvey (American assassin)
accused assassin of U.S. President John F. Kennedy in Dallas on Nov. 22, 1963. He himself was fatally shot two days later by Jack Ruby (1911–67) in the Dallas County Jail. A special President’s Commission on the Assassination of President John F. Kennedy, headed by Chief Justice ...
Oswald of Ramsey (English saint)
Anglo-Saxon archbishop of Danish parentage who was a leading figure in the 10th-century movement of monastic and feudalistic reforms....